解析原始 HTTP 标头

发布于 2024-10-12 02:12:15 字数 558 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我有一个原始 HTTP 字符串，我想表示对象中的字段。有没有办法从 HTTP 字符串中解析各个标头？

'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n
[...]'

原文

I have a string of raw HTTP and I would like to represent the fields in an object. Is there any way to parse the individual headers from an HTTP string?

'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n
[...]'

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清晨说晚安 2024-10-19 02:12:15

更新：现在是 2019 年，所以我根据尝试使用该代码的程序员的困惑评论，重写了 Python 3 的答案。原始的 Python 2 代码现在位于答案的底部。

标准库中有一些出色的工具，既可用于解析 RFC 821 标头，也可用于解析整个 HTTP 请求。这是一个示例请求字符串（请注意，Python 将其视为一个大字符串，即使我们为了可读性而将其分成几行），我们可以将其提供给我的示例：

request_text = (
    b'GET /who/ken/trust.html HTTP/1.1\r\n'
    b'Host: cm.bell-labs.com\r\n'
    b'Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3\r\n'
    b'Accept: text/html;q=0.9,text/plain\r\n'
    b'\r\n'
)

正如 @TryPyPy 指出的，您可以使用 Python 的电子邮件消息库解析标头 - 尽管我们应该补充一下，一旦创建完成，生成的 Message 对象就像标头字典一样：

from email.parser import BytesParser
request_line, headers_alone = request_text.split(b'\r\n', 1)
headers = BytesParser().parsebytes(headers_alone)

print(len(headers))     # -> "3"
print(headers.keys())   # -> ['Host', 'Accept-Charset', 'Accept']
print(headers['Host'])  # -> "cm.bell-labs.com"

但是，这当然会忽略请求行，或者让您解析它你自己。事实证明，有一个更好的解决方案。

如果您使用其 BaseHTTPRequestHandler，标准库将为您解析 HTTP。虽然它的文档有点晦涩——标准库中整套 HTTP 和 URL 工具的问题——要让它解析字符串，您所要做的就是 (a) 将字符串包装在 BytesIO() 中，(b) 读取 raw_requestline 以便它可以被解析，并且 (c) 捕获解析期间发生的任何错误代码，而不是让它尝试将它们写回到客户（因为我们没有客户！）。

因此，这是我们对标准库类的专门化：

from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from io import BytesIO

class HTTPRequest(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(self, request_text):
        self.rfile = BytesIO(request_text)
        self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
        self.error_code = self.error_message = None
        self.parse_request()

    def send_error(self, code, message):
        self.error_code = code
        self.error_message = message

再次，我希望标准库人员已经意识到，HTTP 解析应该以一种不需要我们编写九行代码来正确调用它的方式进行分解，但是什么可以你做？以下是如何使用这个简单的类：

# Using this new class is really easy!

request = HTTPRequest(request_text)

print(request.error_code)       # None  (check this first)
print(request.command)          # "GET"
print(request.path)             # "/who/ken/trust.html"
print(request.request_version)  # "HTTP/1.1"
print(len(request.headers))     # 3
print(request.headers.keys())   # ['Host', 'Accept-Charset', 'Accept']
print(request.headers['host'])  # "cm.bell-labs.com"

如果在解析过程中出现错误，error_code将不会是None：

# Parsing can result in an error code and message

request = HTTPRequest(b'GET\r\nHeader: Value\r\n\r\n')

print(request.error_code)     # 400
print(request.error_message)  # "Bad request syntax ('GET')"

我更喜欢像这样使用标准库，因为我怀疑他们已经遇到并解决了任何边缘情况，如果我尝试自己用正则表达式重新实现互联网规范，这些情况可能会困扰我。

旧的 Python 2 代码

这是这个答案的原始代码，回溯到我第一次写它时：

request_text = (
    'GET /who/ken/trust.html HTTP/1.1\r\n'
    'Host: cm.bell-labs.com\r\n'
    'Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3\r\n'
    'Accept: text/html;q=0.9,text/plain\r\n'
    '\r\n'
    )

And：

# Ignore the request line and parse only the headers

from mimetools import Message
from StringIO import StringIO
request_line, headers_alone = request_text.split('\r\n', 1)
headers = Message(StringIO(headers_alone))

print len(headers)     # -> "3"
print headers.keys()   # -> ['accept-charset', 'host', 'accept']
print headers['Host']  # -> "cm.bell-labs.com"

And：

from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from StringIO import StringIO

class HTTPRequest(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(self, request_text):
        self.rfile = StringIO(request_text)
        self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
        self.error_code = self.error_message = None
        self.parse_request()

    def send_error(self, code, message):
        self.error_code = code
        self.error_message = message

And：

# Using this new class is really easy!

request = HTTPRequest(request_text)

print request.error_code       # None  (check this first)
print request.command          # "GET"
print request.path             # "/who/ken/trust.html"
print request.request_version  # "HTTP/1.1"
print len(request.headers)     # 3
print request.headers.keys()   # ['accept-charset', 'host', 'accept']
print request.headers['host']  # "cm.bell-labs.com"

And：

# Parsing can result in an error code and message

request = HTTPRequest('GET\r\nHeader: Value\r\n\r\n')

print request.error_code     # 400
print request.error_message  # "Bad request syntax ('GET')"

Update: It’s 2019, so I have rewritten this answer for Python 3, following a confused comment from a programmer trying to use the code. The original Python 2 code is now down at the bottom of the answer.

There are excellent tools in the Standard Library both for parsing RFC 821 headers, and also for parsing entire HTTP requests. Here is an example request string (note that Python treats it as one big string, even though we are breaking it across several lines for readability) that we can feed to my examples:

request_text = (
    b'GET /who/ken/trust.html HTTP/1.1\r\n'
    b'Host: cm.bell-labs.com\r\n'
    b'Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3\r\n'
    b'Accept: text/html;q=0.9,text/plain\r\n'
    b'\r\n'
)

As @TryPyPy points out, you can use Python’s email message library to parse the headers — though we should add that the resulting Message object acts like a dictionary of headers once you are done creating it:

from email.parser import BytesParser
request_line, headers_alone = request_text.split(b'\r\n', 1)
headers = BytesParser().parsebytes(headers_alone)

print(len(headers))     # -> "3"
print(headers.keys())   # -> ['Host', 'Accept-Charset', 'Accept']
print(headers['Host'])  # -> "cm.bell-labs.com"

But this, of course, ignores the request line, or makes you parse it yourself. It turns out that there is a much better solution.

The Standard Library will parse HTTP for you if you use its BaseHTTPRequestHandler. Though its documentation is a bit obscure — a problem with the whole suite of HTTP and URL tools in the Standard Library — all you have to do to make it parse a string is (a) wrap your string in a BytesIO(), (b) read the raw_requestline so that it stands ready to be parsed, and (c) capture any error codes that occur during parsing instead of letting it try to write them back to the client (since we do not have one!).

So here is our specialization of the Standard Library class:

from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from io import BytesIO

class HTTPRequest(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(self, request_text):
        self.rfile = BytesIO(request_text)
        self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
        self.error_code = self.error_message = None
        self.parse_request()

    def send_error(self, code, message):
        self.error_code = code
        self.error_message = message

Again, I wish the Standard Library folks had realized that HTTP parsing should be broken out in a way that did not require us to write nine lines of code to properly call it, but what can you do? Here is how you would use this simple class:

# Using this new class is really easy!

request = HTTPRequest(request_text)

print(request.error_code)       # None  (check this first)
print(request.command)          # "GET"
print(request.path)             # "/who/ken/trust.html"
print(request.request_version)  # "HTTP/1.1"
print(len(request.headers))     # 3
print(request.headers.keys())   # ['Host', 'Accept-Charset', 'Accept']
print(request.headers['host'])  # "cm.bell-labs.com"

If there is an error during parsing, the error_code will not be None:

# Parsing can result in an error code and message

request = HTTPRequest(b'GET\r\nHeader: Value\r\n\r\n')

print(request.error_code)     # 400
print(request.error_message)  # "Bad request syntax ('GET')"

I prefer using the Standard Library like this because I suspect that they have already encountered and resolved any edge cases that might bite me if I try re-implementing an Internet specification myself with regular expressions.

Old Python 2 code

Here’s the original code for this answer, back when I first wrote it:

request_text = (
    'GET /who/ken/trust.html HTTP/1.1\r\n'
    'Host: cm.bell-labs.com\r\n'
    'Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3\r\n'
    'Accept: text/html;q=0.9,text/plain\r\n'
    '\r\n'
    )

And:

# Ignore the request line and parse only the headers

from mimetools import Message
from StringIO import StringIO
request_line, headers_alone = request_text.split('\r\n', 1)
headers = Message(StringIO(headers_alone))

print len(headers)     # -> "3"
print headers.keys()   # -> ['accept-charset', 'host', 'accept']
print headers['Host']  # -> "cm.bell-labs.com"

And:

from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from StringIO import StringIO

class HTTPRequest(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(self, request_text):
        self.rfile = StringIO(request_text)
        self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
        self.error_code = self.error_message = None
        self.parse_request()

    def send_error(self, code, message):
        self.error_code = code
        self.error_message = message

And:

# Using this new class is really easy!

request = HTTPRequest(request_text)

print request.error_code       # None  (check this first)
print request.command          # "GET"
print request.path             # "/who/ken/trust.html"
print request.request_version  # "HTTP/1.1"
print len(request.headers)     # 3
print request.headers.keys()   # ['accept-charset', 'host', 'accept']
print request.headers['host']  # "cm.bell-labs.com"

And:

# Parsing can result in an error code and message

request = HTTPRequest('GET\r\nHeader: Value\r\n\r\n')

print request.error_code     # 400
print request.error_message  # "Bad request syntax ('GET')"

回复收藏 0 原文

终止放荡 2024-10-19 02:12:15

mimetools 自 Python 2.3 起已被弃用，并从 Python 3 中完全删除（链接）。

在 Python 3 中你应该这样做：

import email
import io
import pprint

# […]

request_line, headers_alone = request_text.split('\r\n', 1)
message = email.message_from_file(io.StringIO(headers_alone))
headers = dict(message.items())
pprint.pprint(headers, width=160)

mimetools has been deprecated since Python 2.3 and totally removed from Python 3 (link).

Here is how you should do in Python 3:

import email
import io
import pprint

# […]

request_line, headers_alone = request_text.split('\r\n', 1)
message = email.message_from_file(io.StringIO(headers_alone))
headers = dict(message.items())
pprint.pprint(headers, width=160)

回复收藏 0 原文

稀香 2024-10-19 02:12:15

如果您删除 GET 行，这似乎工作正常：

import mimetools
from StringIO import StringIO

he = "Host: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n"

m = mimetools.Message(StringIO(he))

print m.headers

解析示例并将信息从第一行添加到对象的方法是：

import mimetools
from StringIO import StringIO

he = 'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n'

# Pop the first line for further processing
request, he = he.split('\r\n', 1)    

# Get the headers
m = mimetools.Message(StringIO(he))

# Add request information
m.dict['method'], m.dict['path'], m.dict['http-version'] = request.split()    

print m['method'], m['path'], m['http-version']
print m['Connection']
print m.headers
print m.dict

This seems to work fine if you strip the GET line:

import mimetools
from StringIO import StringIO

he = "Host: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n"

m = mimetools.Message(StringIO(he))

print m.headers

A way to parse your example and add information from the first line to the object would be:

import mimetools
from StringIO import StringIO

he = 'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n'

# Pop the first line for further processing
request, he = he.split('\r\n', 1)    

# Get the headers
m = mimetools.Message(StringIO(he))

# Add request information
m.dict['method'], m.dict['path'], m.dict['http-version'] = request.split()    

print m['method'], m['path'], m['http-version']
print m['Connection']
print m.headers
print m.dict

回复收藏 0 原文

人海汹涌 2024-10-19 02:12:15

使用 python3.7、urllib3.HTTPResponse、http.client.parse_headers 以及此处的卷曲标志说明：

curl -i -L -X GET "http://httpbin.org/relative-redirect/3" |  python -c '
import sys
from io import BytesIO
from urllib3 import HTTPResponse
from http.client import parse_headers

rawresponse = sys.stdin.read().encode("utf8")
redirects = []

while True:
    header, body = rawresponse.split(b"\r\n\r\n", 1)
    if body[:4] == b"HTTP":
        redirects.append(header)
        rawresponse = body
    else:
        break

f = BytesIO(header)
# read one line for HTTP/2 STATUSCODE MESSAGE
requestline = f.readline().split(b" ")
protocol, status = requestline[:2]
headers = parse_headers(f)

resp = HTTPResponse(body, headers=headers)
resp.status = int(status)

print("headers")
print(resp.headers)

print("redirects")
print(redirects)
'

输出：

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
100   215  100   215    0     0    435      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   435

headers
HTTPHeaderDict({'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Server': 'gunicorn/19.9.0', 'Date': 'Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:25 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Content-Length': '215', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Via': '1.1 vegur'})
redirects
[b'HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nServer: gunicorn/19.9.0\r\nDate: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:24 GMT\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nLocation: /relative-redirect/2\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\nVia: 1.1 vegur',
 b'HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nServer: gunicorn/19.9.0\r\nDate: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:24 GMT\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nLocation: /relative-redirect/1\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\nVia: 1.1 vegur',
 b'HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nServer: gunicorn/19.9.0\r\nDate: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:24 GMT\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nLocation: /get\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\nVia: 1.1 vegur']

注释：

Using python3.7, urllib3.HTTPResponse, http.client.parse_headers, and with curl flag explanation here:

curl -i -L -X GET "http://httpbin.org/relative-redirect/3" |  python -c '
import sys
from io import BytesIO
from urllib3 import HTTPResponse
from http.client import parse_headers

rawresponse = sys.stdin.read().encode("utf8")
redirects = []

while True:
    header, body = rawresponse.split(b"\r\n\r\n", 1)
    if body[:4] == b"HTTP":
        redirects.append(header)
        rawresponse = body
    else:
        break

f = BytesIO(header)
# read one line for HTTP/2 STATUSCODE MESSAGE
requestline = f.readline().split(b" ")
protocol, status = requestline[:2]
headers = parse_headers(f)

resp = HTTPResponse(body, headers=headers)
resp.status = int(status)

print("headers")
print(resp.headers)

print("redirects")
print(redirects)
'

Output:

  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
100   215  100   215    0     0    435      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   435

headers
HTTPHeaderDict({'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Server': 'gunicorn/19.9.0', 'Date': 'Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:25 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Content-Length': '215', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true', 'Via': '1.1 vegur'})
redirects
[b'HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nServer: gunicorn/19.9.0\r\nDate: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:24 GMT\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nLocation: /relative-redirect/2\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\nVia: 1.1 vegur',
 b'HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nServer: gunicorn/19.9.0\r\nDate: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:24 GMT\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nLocation: /relative-redirect/1\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\nVia: 1.1 vegur',
 b'HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nServer: gunicorn/19.9.0\r\nDate: Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:39:24 GMT\r\nContent-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\nLocation: /get\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Credentials: true\r\nVia: 1.1 vegur']

notes:

回复收藏 0 原文

迷爱 2024-10-19 02:12:15

有没有办法从 HTTP 字符串中解析各个标头？

我写了一个简单的函数，可以返回一个字典对象，希望它可以帮助你。 ^_^

Python 3

def parse_request(request):
    raw_list = request.split("\r\n")
    request = {}
    for index in range(1, len(raw_list)):
        item = raw_list[index].split(":")
        if len(item) == 2:
            request.update({item[0].lstrip(' '): item[1].lstrip(' ')})
    return request


raw_request = 'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n'
request = parse_request(raw_request)
print(request)
print('\n')
print(request.keys())

输出：

{'Host': 'www.google.com', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Accept': 'application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5', 
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip,deflate,sdch', 'Avail-Dictionary': 'GeNLY2f-', 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8'}


dict_keys(['Host', 'Connection', 'Accept', 'User-Agent', 'Accept-Encoding', 'Avail-Dictionary', 'Accept-Language'])

Is there any way to parse the individual headers from an HTTP string?

I wrote a simple function that can return a dictionary object, hope it can help you. ^_^

Python 3

def parse_request(request):
    raw_list = request.split("\r\n")
    request = {}
    for index in range(1, len(raw_list)):
        item = raw_list[index].split(":")
        if len(item) == 2:
            request.update({item[0].lstrip(' '): item[1].lstrip(' ')})
    return request


raw_request = 'GET /search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=ergterst HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nAccept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch\r\nAvail-Dictionary: GeNLY2f-\r\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8\r\n'
request = parse_request(raw_request)
print(request)
print('\n')
print(request.keys())

Output:

{'Host': 'www.google.com', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Accept': 'application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5', 
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_6; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/9.0.597.45 Safari/534.13', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip,deflate,sdch', 'Avail-Dictionary': 'GeNLY2f-', 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8'}


dict_keys(['Host', 'Connection', 'Accept', 'User-Agent', 'Accept-Encoding', 'Avail-Dictionary', 'Accept-Language'])

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眼泪淡了忧伤 2024-10-19 02:12:15

以蟒蛇式的方式

request_text = (
    b'GET /who/ken/trust.html HTTP/1.1\r\n'
    b'Host: cm.bell-labs.com\r\n'
    b'Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3\r\n'
    b'Accept: text/html;q=0.9,text/plain\r\n'
    b'\r\n'
)

print({ k:v.strip() for k,v in [line.split(":",1) 
        for line in request_text.decode().splitlines() if ":" in line]})

In a pythonic way

request_text = (
    b'GET /who/ken/trust.html HTTP/1.1\r\n'
    b'Host: cm.bell-labs.com\r\n'
    b'Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3\r\n'
    b'Accept: text/html;q=0.9,text/plain\r\n'
    b'\r\n'
)

print({ k:v.strip() for k,v in [line.split(":",1) 
        for line in request_text.decode().splitlines() if ":" in line]})

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春夜浅 2024-10-19 02:12:15

在Python3中

from email import message_from_string    
data = socket.recv(4096)
headers = message_from_string(str(data, 'ASCII').split('\r\n', 1)[1])
print(headers['Host'])

in python3

from email import message_from_string    
data = socket.recv(4096)
headers = message_from_string(str(data, 'ASCII').split('\r\n', 1)[1])
print(headers['Host'])

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