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设计原理

发布于 2024-10-10 11:39:31 字数 117 浏览 2 评论 0原文

下面两种设计原则有什么区别？

“针对接口编程，而不是实现”和
“依赖于抽象，不依赖于具体类”。

这两个原则说的是同一件事，但以两种不同的方式。

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朱染 2024-10-17 11:39:31

接口是具体类的抽象，因此2.是1的子集。原则1.具有更广泛的适用性（您可以将其用于任何类型的接口，而不仅仅是面向对象编程中使用的接口）。

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ぽ尐不点ル 2024-10-17 11:39:31

他们本质上是用不同的词说同样的事情。

您应该编写您的类，使其依赖于抽象想法（如接口），而不是想法的具体实现。这允许您分段更改行为，而不必重新编写整个代码块。

请参阅依赖注入。

示例：

public class Chef : IResturauntWorker 
{
    // This is an example of writing to an interface instead of an
    // an implementation.  Because the Chef class implements the 
    // IResturauntWorker interface, the chef can be swapped in with other
    // resturaunt workers like bussers or waiters.

    public void Chop(Carrot c)
    {
        // code to chop a carrot

        // this is an example of depending on an implementation
        // because Carrot is a concrete class, this method can 
        // only be used with a Carrot
    }

    public void Chop(IVegetable c)
    {
        // code to chop a Vegetable

        // this is an example of depending on an abstraction
        // because IVegetable is a abstraction of an idea 
        // (a vegetable, in this case), this method can be
        // used with any class that implements IVegetable,
        // including carrots, celery, onions, etc.
    }
}

They are essentally saying the same thing in different words.

You should write your class so that it depends on an abstract idea (like an interface) instead of a concrete implementation of an idea. This allows you to change behavior in pieces instead of having to re-write whole chunks of code.

See Dependancy Injection.

Example:

public class Chef : IResturauntWorker 
{
    // This is an example of writing to an interface instead of an
    // an implementation.  Because the Chef class implements the 
    // IResturauntWorker interface, the chef can be swapped in with other
    // resturaunt workers like bussers or waiters.

    public void Chop(Carrot c)
    {
        // code to chop a carrot

        // this is an example of depending on an implementation
        // because Carrot is a concrete class, this method can 
        // only be used with a Carrot
    }

    public void Chop(IVegetable c)
    {
        // code to chop a Vegetable

        // this is an example of depending on an abstraction
        // because IVegetable is a abstraction of an idea 
        // (a vegetable, in this case), this method can be
        // used with any class that implements IVegetable,
        // including carrots, celery, onions, etc.
    }
}

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