关于现代 CPU 功能/性能优化的好文章？
在阅读了一篇关于虚拟内存对应用程序性能（以及设计）影响的文章后，我再次认识到我对当今计算机体系结构的了解是多么的少。我对什么是缓存、管道、分支预测算法、内存总线如何工作以及可能还有许多其他工件只有一个模糊的概念，只要我了解它们，它们就可以极大地提高我的程序性能。
为了我的辩护，我可以说我已经知道 VM（虚拟内存）是什么以及它是如何工作的，尽管我很遗憾我之前没有想到它的含义。
那么...有人可以推荐有关该主题的任何读物吗？我非常喜欢可以免费阅读的在线文章 - 但如果您知道一本好书，也请毫不犹豫地添加！
PS 我也很感兴趣这些课程如何影响现代高级环境，例如 .NET，这是我的主要住所。
After reading an article on virtual memory implications on application performance (and hence design) I once again realize how little I actually know about today's computer architecture. I have but a vague idea of what are caches, pipelines, branch prediction algorithms, how memory buses work, and probably dozens of other artifacts that could greatly improve my program performance if I only knew about them.
For my defense I can say that I alredy knew what VM (virtual memory) was and how it worked, though I'm ashamed that I didn't think of the implications before.
So... can anyone recommend any reading on the subject(s)? I'd vastly prefer online articles that can be read for free - but if you know a good book, don't hesitate to add that too!
P.S. I would also be interested how these lessons affect modern high-level environments like .NET, which is my primary residence.
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刚刚找到 Ulrich Drepper 的此 PDF，标题为“每个程序员都应该了解内存知识”。还没读过，不过看起来很到位！
Just found this PDF by Ulrich Drepper, titled "What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory". Haven't read it, but looks spot on!
以下是关于 sse 的内容。
Here's something about sse.
查看 Intel 和 AMD 的这些指南：
不过它更侧重于 C/C++。但许多优化也应该适用于 .NET。
Have a look at these guides by Intel and AMD:
It's more focused on C/C++ however. But many optimizations should work on .NET too.