如何在 C# 中捕获 Shell 命令输出？

Question

摘要：

• 在远程计算机上查询注册表
• 捕获应用程序中使用的输出
• 需要在 csharp 中
• 到目前为止使用的所有方法都只能在本地计算机上查询
• 任何希望不胜感激

完整问题：

我需要找到一种在中运行命令行命令的方法csharp 并捕获其输出。我知道如何在 Perl 中执行此操作，下面是我将在 Perl 中使用的代码。

#machine to check
my $pc = $_[0];
#create location of registry query
my $machine = "\\\\".$pc."\\HKEY_USERS";
#run registry query
my @regQuery= `REG QUERY $machine`;

欢迎任何有关如何在 csharp 中执行此操作的建议。到目前为止，我尝试使用RegistryKey OurKey =Registry.Users方法，效果很好，但我无法查询远程计算机上的注册表。

如果您需要更多信息，请告诉我。

解决方案：（感谢@Robaticus）

private void reg(string host)
        {

            string build = "QUERY \\\\" + host + "\\HKEY_USERS";
            string parms = @build;
            string output = "";
            string error = string.Empty;

            ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo("reg.exe", parms);

            psi.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            psi.RedirectStandardError = true;
            psi.WindowStyle = System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle.Normal;
            psi.UseShellExecute = false;
            System.Diagnostics.Process reg;
            reg = System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(psi);
            using (System.IO.StreamReader myOutput = reg.StandardOutput)
            {
                output = myOutput.ReadToEnd();
            }
            using (System.IO.StreamReader myError = reg.StandardError)
            {
                error = myError.ReadToEnd();

            }
            Output.AppendText(output + "\n");


        }  

Answer 1

您可能需要对此进行一些调整，但这里有一些（对原始代码稍作修改）重定向进程的 stdout 和 stderr 的代码：

        string parms = @"QUERY \\machine\HKEY_USERS";
        string output = "";
        string error = string.Empty;

        ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo("reg.exe", parms);

        psi.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
        psi.RedirectStandardError = true;
        psi.WindowStyle = System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle.Normal;
        psi.UseShellExecute = false;
        System.Diagnostics.Process reg;
        reg = System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(psi);
        using (System.IO.StreamReader myOutput = reg.StandardOutput)
        {
            output = myOutput.ReadToEnd();
        }
        using(System.IO.StreamReader myError = reg.StandardError)
        {
            error = myError.ReadToEnd();

        }

Answer 2

实际上，您可以在命令行中运行的任何内容都可以在具有类似约束的 C# 程序中运行。有几种方法可以做到这一点，一种是通过异步进程命令，如我在我的 博客 中所示。您只需以主动方式写入和读取命令行即可。从这里开始，只需弄清楚您想要完成什么以及如何使用命令行来完成它即可。然后将其插入程序

class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
LaunchCommandAsProcess cmd = new LaunchCommandAsProcess();
cmd.OutputReceived += new LaunchCommandAsProcess.OutputEventHandler(launch_OutputReceived);
cmd.SendCommand("help");
cmd.SendCommand("ipconfig");
cmd.SyncClose();
}
/// Outputs normal and error output from the command prompt.
static void launch_OutputReceived(object sendingProcess, EventArgsForCommand e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.OutputData);
}
}

如您所见，您只需实例化该类，处理输出事件，然后开始编写命令，就像在命令提示符中键入一样。

它的工作原理如下：

public class LaunchCommandAsProcess
{
public delegate void OutputEventHandler(object sendingProcess, EventArgsForCommand e);
public event OutputEventHandler OutputReceived;
private StreamWriter stdIn;
private Process p;
public void SendCommand(string command)
{
stdIn.WriteLine(command);
}
public LaunchCommandAsProcess()
{
p = new Process();
p.StartInfo.FileName = @"C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe";
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
p.Start();

stdIn = p.StandardInput;
p.OutputDataReceived += Process_OutputDataReceived;
p.ErrorDataReceived += Process_OutputDataReceived;
p.BeginOutputReadLine();
p.BeginErrorReadLine();

}
///
/// Raises events when output data has been received. Includes normal and error output.
/// 

/// /// private void Process_OutputDataReceived(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine)
{
if (outLine.Data == null)
return;
else
{
if (OutputReceived != null)
{
EventArgsForCommand e = new EventArgsForCommand();
e.OutputData = outLine.Data;
OutputReceived(this, e);
}
}
}
///
/// Synchronously closes the command promp.
/// 

public void SyncClose()
{
stdIn.WriteLine("exit");
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
}
///
/// Asynchronously closees the command prompt.
/// 

public void AsyncClose()
{
stdIn.WriteLine("exit");
p.Close();
}
}
public class EventArgsForCommand : EventArgs
{
public string OutputData { get; internal set; }
}

Answer 3

这是我使用的一个类。它改编自我不久前在博客文章中找到的代码，但进行了各种其他修改。

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace SonomaTechnologyInc {
    /// <summary>
    /// Utility class for working with command-line programs.
    /// </summary>
    public class Subprocess {  
        private Subprocess() { }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes a command-line program, specifying a maximum time to wait
        /// for it to complete.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command">
        /// The path to the program executable.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="args">
        /// The command-line arguments for the program.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="timeout">
        /// The maximum time to wait for the subprocess to complete, in milliseconds.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// A <see cref="SubprocessResult"/> containing the results of
        /// running the program.
        /// </returns>
        public static SubprocessResult RunProgram(string command, string args, int timeout) {
            bool timedOut = false;
            ProcessStartInfo pinfo = new ProcessStartInfo(command);
            pinfo.Arguments = args;
            pinfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            pinfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
            //pinfo.WorkingDirectory = ?
            pinfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            pinfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
            Process subprocess = Process.Start(pinfo);

            ProcessStream processStream = new ProcessStream();
            try {
                processStream.Read(subprocess);

                subprocess.WaitForExit(timeout);
                processStream.Stop();
                if(!subprocess.HasExited) {
                    // OK, we waited until the timeout but it still didn't exit; just kill the process now
                    timedOut = true;
                    try {
                        subprocess.Kill();
                        processStream.Stop();
                    } catch { }
                    subprocess.WaitForExit();
                }
            } catch(Exception ex) {
                subprocess.Kill();
                processStream.Stop();
                throw ex;
            } finally {
                processStream.Stop();
            }

            TimeSpan duration = subprocess.ExitTime - subprocess.StartTime;
            float executionTime = (float) duration.TotalSeconds;
            SubprocessResult result = new SubprocessResult(
                executionTime, 
                processStream.StandardOutput.Trim(), 
                processStream.StandardError.Trim(), 
                subprocess.ExitCode, 
                timedOut);
            return result;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the result of executing a command-line program.
    /// </summary>
    public class SubprocessResult {
        readonly float executionTime;
        readonly string stdout;
        readonly string stderr;
        readonly int exitCode;
        readonly bool timedOut;

        internal SubprocessResult(float executionTime, string stdout, string stderr, int exitCode, bool timedOut) {
            this.executionTime = executionTime;
            this.stdout = stdout;
            this.stderr = stderr;
            this.exitCode = exitCode;
            this.timedOut = timedOut;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the total wall time that the subprocess took, in seconds.
        /// </summary>
        public float ExecutionTime {
            get { return executionTime; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the output that the subprocess wrote to its standard output stream.
        /// </summary>
        public string Stdout {
            get { return stdout; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the output that the subprocess wrote to its standard error stream.
        /// </summary>
        public string Stderr {
            get { return stderr; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the subprocess's exit code.
        /// </summary>
        public int ExitCode {
            get { return exitCode; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a flag indicating whether the subprocess was aborted because it
        /// timed out.
        /// </summary>
        public bool TimedOut {
            get { return timedOut; }
        }
    }

    internal class ProcessStream {
        /*
         * Class to get process stdout/stderr streams
         * Author: SeemabK ([email protected])
         * Usage:
            //create ProcessStream
            ProcessStream myProcessStream = new ProcessStream();
            //create and populate Process as needed
            Process myProcess = new Process();
            myProcess.StartInfo.FileName = "myexec.exe";
            myProcess.StartInfo.Arguments = "-myargs";

            //redirect stdout and/or stderr
            myProcess.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            myProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            myProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;

            //start Process
            myProcess.Start();
            //connect to ProcessStream
            myProcessStream.Read(ref myProcess);
            //wait for Process to end
            myProcess.WaitForExit();

            //get the captured output :)
            string output = myProcessStream.StandardOutput;
            string error = myProcessStream.StandardError;
         */
        private Thread StandardOutputReader;
        private Thread StandardErrorReader;
        private Process RunProcess;
        private string _StandardOutput = "";
        private string _StandardError = "";

        public string StandardOutput {
            get { return _StandardOutput; }
        }
        public string StandardError {
            get { return _StandardError; }
        }

        public ProcessStream() {
            Init();
        }

        public void Read(Process process) {
            try {
                Init();
                RunProcess = process;

                if(RunProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput) {
                    StandardOutputReader = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ReadStandardOutput));
                    StandardOutputReader.Start();
                }
                if(RunProcess.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError) {
                    StandardErrorReader = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ReadStandardError));
                    StandardErrorReader.Start();
                }

                int TIMEOUT = 1 * 60 * 1000; // one minute
                if(StandardOutputReader != null)
                    StandardOutputReader.Join(TIMEOUT);
                if(StandardErrorReader != null)
                    StandardErrorReader.Join(TIMEOUT);

            } catch { }
        }

        private void ReadStandardOutput() {
            if(RunProcess == null) return;
            try {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                string line = null;
                while((line = RunProcess.StandardOutput.ReadLine()) != null) {
                    sb.Append(line);
                    sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
                }
                _StandardOutput = sb.ToString();
            } catch { }
        }

        private void ReadStandardError() {
            if(RunProcess == null) return;
            try {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                string line = null;
                while((line = RunProcess.StandardError.ReadLine()) != null) {
                    sb.Append(line);
                    sb.Append(Environment.NewLine);
                }
                _StandardError = sb.ToString();
            } catch { }
        }

        private void Init() {
            _StandardError = "";
            _StandardOutput = "";
            RunProcess = null;
            Stop();
        }

        public void Stop() {
            try { if(StandardOutputReader != null) StandardOutputReader.Abort(); } catch { }
            try { if(StandardErrorReader != null) StandardErrorReader.Abort(); } catch { }
            StandardOutputReader = null;
            StandardErrorReader = null;
        }
    }
}

Answer 4

这并没有回答问题，而是 Registry.OpenRemoteBaseKey 方法以与 REG 命令相同的方式连接到另一台计算机的注册表。调用 RegistryKey.GetSubKeyNames 获取与 REG QUERY 相同的输出。

Answer 5

您可以使用 System.Diagnostics.Process 类捕获 StandardOutput 和 StandardError。

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library /system.diagnostics.process.aspx

请务必阅读文档的备注部分。必须正确设置进程类的某些属性才能使 StandardOutput 可用（例如，UseShellExecute 必须设置为 false）。

Answer 6

正如我在这条评论中提到的这个答案，我改编了该答案中的代码并创建了一个库：

• kenny-evitt/ExecuteCommandLineProgram：用于执行命令行程序的 .NET (4) 类库。

来自库自述文件：

使用示例：

CommandLineProgramProcessResult 结果 =
    命令行程序进程.RunProgram(
        @"C:\Program Files (x86)\SomeFolder\SomeProgram.exe", // 可执行程序路径
        @"C:\Program Files (x86)\SomeFolder\", // 工作目录路径
        String.Format(@"""{0}""", filePathThatNeedsToBeQuotedArgument), // 命令行参数
        10*60*1000）； // 超时时间，单位毫秒
        
字符串标准错误 = 结果.标准错误;
字符串标准输出 = 结果.StandardOutput;
int exitCode = 结果.ExitCode;

所有库代码都在此文件中：

• ExecuteCommandLineProgram /CommandLineProgramProcess.cs at master · kenny-evitt/ExecuteCommandLineProgram

基本上，（唯一的）库类使用 .NET 流来写入命令进程的输入流并读取其输出和错误流。使用单独的线程（即并行）读取输出和错误流，以避免 “向其标准错误流写入足够内容以填满默认缓冲区大小的程序会出现死锁”。