Excel UDF 计算应返回“原始”价值
我使用自己的 RTD 实现创建了一个 VSTO 插件,我从 Excel 工作表中调用该插件。为了避免在单元格中使用成熟的 RTD 语法,我创建了一个 UDF,从工作表中隐藏该 API。 我创建的 RTD 服务器可以通过自定义功能区组件中的按钮启用和禁用。
我想要实现的行为如下:
- 如果服务器禁用并且在单元格中输入了对我的函数的引用,我希望单元格显示
禁用
。 - 如果服务器被禁用,但该函数在启用时已在单元格中输入(因此单元格显示一个值),我希望单元格继续显示该值。
- 如果服务器已启用,我希望单元格显示
正在加载
。
听起来很容易。这是非功能代码的示例:
Public Function RetrieveData(id as Long)
Dim result as String
// This returns either 'Disabled' or 'Loading'
result = Application.Worksheet.Function.RTD("SERVERNAME", "", id)
RetrieveData = result
If(result = "Disabled") Then
// Obviously, this recurses (and fails), so that's not an option
If(Not IsEmpty(Application.Caller.Value2)) Then
// So does this
RetrieveData = Application.Caller.Value2
End If
End If
End Function
该函数将在数千个单元格中调用,因此将“原始”值存储在另一个数据结构中将是一项主要开销,我想避免它。此外,RTD 服务器不知道这些值,因为它也不保留该值的历史记录,或多或少出于相同的原因。
我在想可能有某种方法可以退出该函数,迫使它不改变显示的值,但到目前为止我还没有找到类似的东西。
编辑:
由于大众的需求,我想提供一些关于为什么我要做这一切的附加信息: 正如我所说,该函数将在数千个单元格中被调用,并且 RTD 服务器需要检索相当多的信息。这对于网络和 CPU 来说都是相当困难的。为了让用户自己决定是否希望在自己的计算机上加载此负载,他们可以禁用服务器的更新。在这种情况下,他们仍然应该能够使用字段中当前的值来计算工作表,但不会将任何更新推送到其中。一旦需要新数据,就可以启用服务器并更新字段。
同样,由于我们在这里讨论相当多的数据,我宁愿不将其存储在工作表中的某个位置。另外,即使工作簿关闭并再次加载,数据也应该可用。
I have created a VSTO plugin with my own RTD implementation that I am calling from my Excel sheets. To avoid having to use the full-fledged RTD syntax in the cells, I have created a UDF that hides that API from the sheet.
The RTD server I created can be enabled and disabled through a button in a custom Ribbon component.
The behavior I want to achieve is as follows:
- If the server is disabled and a reference to my function is entered in a cell, I want the cell to display
Disabled
. - If the server is disabled, but the function had been entered in a cell when it was enabled (and the cell thus displays a value), I want the cell to keep displaying that value.
- If the server is enabled, I want the cell to display
Loading
.
Sounds easy enough. Here is an example of the - non functional - code:
Public Function RetrieveData(id as Long)
Dim result as String
// This returns either 'Disabled' or 'Loading'
result = Application.Worksheet.Function.RTD("SERVERNAME", "", id)
RetrieveData = result
If(result = "Disabled") Then
// Obviously, this recurses (and fails), so that's not an option
If(Not IsEmpty(Application.Caller.Value2)) Then
// So does this
RetrieveData = Application.Caller.Value2
End If
End If
End Function
The function will be called in thousands of cells, so storing the 'original' values in another data structure would be a major overhead and I would like to avoid it. Also, the RTD server does not know the values, since it also does not keep a history of it, more or less for the same reason.
I was thinking that there might be some way to exit the function which would force it to not change the displayed value, but so far I have been unable to find anything like that.
EDIT:
Due to popular demand, some additional info on why I want to do all this:
As I said, the function will be called in thousands of cells and the RTD server needs to retrieve quite a bit of information. This can be quite hard on both network and CPU. To allow the user to decide for himself whether he wants this load on his machine, they can disable the updates from the server. In that case, they should still be able to calculate the sheets with the values currently in the fields, yet no updates are pushed into them. Once new data is required, the server can be enabled and the fields will be updated.
Again, since we are talking about quite a bit of data here, I would rather not store it somewhere in the sheet. Plus, the data should be usable even if the workbook is closed and loaded again.
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不同的策略=新的答案。
我费了很大的劲才发现的一些东西,可能对你有用:
1.
在 UDF 中,像这样返回 RTD 调用的
行为就好像您在单元格中插入了注释函数,而不是 RTD 返回的值。换句话说,“结果”是“RTD-函数调用”类型的对象,而不是 RTD 的答案。相反,执行此操作:
返回实际值,相当于在单元格中键入“3.1418”。这是一个重要的区别;在第一种情况下,细胞继续参与 RTD 馈送,在第二种情况下,它仅获得恒定值。这可能是您的解决方案。
2.
MS VSTO 看起来编写 Office Addin 似乎是小菜一碟……直到您真正尝试构建工业、可分发的解决方案。获得安装程序的所有特权和权限是一场噩梦,如果您有支持多个 Excel 版本的好主意,情况会变得更加糟糕。我使用 Addin Express 已有好几年了。它隐藏了所有这些 MS 的肮脏之处,让我专注于编写我的插件。他们的支持也是一流的,值得一看。 (不,我不隶属或类似的东西)。
3.
请注意,Excel 可以随时调用 Connect / RefreshData / RTD,即使您正在处理某些事情 - 幕后正在进行一些微妙的多任务处理。您需要使用适当的同步块来装饰您的代码以保护您的数据结构。
4.
当您接收数据(可能在单独的线程上异步接收)时,您绝对必须在最初(由 Excel)调用您的线程上回调 Excel。如果你不这样做,它会工作一段时间,然后你就会开始遇到神秘的、无法解决的崩溃,更糟糕的是,后台会出现孤立的 Excel。以下是执行此操作的相关代码示例:
5.
我所做的事情显然类似于您在此插件中提出的要求。在那里,我从 Google 异步获取地理编码数据,并通过 UDF 阴影的 RTD 提供该数据。由于对 GoogleMaps 的调用非常昂贵,我尝试了 101 种方法和几个月的夜晚来将值保留在单元格中,就像您正在尝试的那样,但没有成功。我没有计时任何东西,但我的直觉是像“Application.Caller.Value”这样对 Excel 的调用比字典查找慢一个数量级。
最后,我创建了一个缓存组件,用于保存和重新加载从一个非常隐藏的电子表格中获取的值,该电子表格是我在 Workbook OnSave 中动态创建的。数据存储在字典(字符串,myQuery)中,其中每个 myQuery 保存所有相关信息。
它运行良好,满足离线工作的要求,甚至对于 20'000 多个公式,它看起来也是即时的。
HTH。
编辑:出于好奇,我测试了我的预感,即调用 Excel 比进行字典查找要昂贵得多。事实证明,这种预感不仅是正确的,而且是可怕的。
结果:
在 10,000 个元素的字典(Integer, Integer)中查找值比从 Excel 中获取单元格值快 11,000 倍以上。
量子电动力学
Different tack=new answer.
A few things I've discovered the hard way, that you might find useful:
1.
In a UDF, returning the RTD call like this
behaves as if you'd inserted the commented function in the cell, and NOT the value returned by the RTD. In other words, "result" is an object of type "RTD-function-call" and not the RTD's answer. Conversely, doing this:
returns the actual value, equivalent to typing "3.1418" in the cell. This is an important difference; in the first case the cell continues to participate in RTD feeding, in the second case it just gets a constant value. This might be a solution for you.
2.
MS VSTO makes it look as though writing an Office Addin is a piece of cake... until you actually try to build an industrial, distributable solution. Getting all the privileges and authorities right for a Setup is a nightmare, and it gets exponentially worse if you have the bright idea of supporting more than one version of Excel. I've been using Addin Express for some years. It hides all this MS nastiness and let's me focus on coding my addin. Their support is first-rate too, worth a look. (No, I am not affiliated or anything like that).
3.
Be aware that Excel can and will call Connect / RefreshData / RTD at any time, even when you're in the middle of something - there's some subtle multi-tasking going on behind the scenes. You'll need to decorate your code with the appropriate Synclock blocks to protect your data structures.
4.
When you receive data (presumably asynchronously on a separate thread) you absolutely MUST callback Excel on the thread on which you were intially called (by Excel). If you don't, it'll work fine for a while and then you'll start getting mysterious, unsolvable crashes and worse, orphan Excels in the background. Here's an example of the relevant code to do this:
5.
I've done something apparently akin to what you're asking in this addin. There, I asynchronously fetch geocode data from Google and serve it up with an RTD shadowed by a UDF. As the call to GoogleMaps is very expensive, I tried 101 ways and several month's of evenings to keep the value in the cell, like what you're attempting, without success. I haven't timed anything, but my gut feeling is that a call to Excel like "Application.Caller.Value" is an order of magnitude slower than a dictionary lookup.
In the end I created a cache component which saves and re-loads values already obtained from a very-hidden spreadsheet which I create on the fly in Workbook OnSave. The data is stored in a Dictionary(of string, myQuery), where each myQuery holds all the relevant info.
It works well, fulfils the requirement for working offline and even for 20'000+ formulas it appears instantaneous.
HTH.
Edit: Out of curiosity, I tested my hunch that calling Excel is much more expensive than doing a dictionary lookup. It turns out that not only was the hunch correct, but frighteningly so.
Results:
Looking up a value in a 10'000 element Dictionary(Of Integer, Integer) is over 11'000 times faster than fetching a cell value from Excel.
Q.E.D.
也许...尝试使您的 UDF 包装函数成为非易失性的,这样除非其参数之一发生更改,否则它不会被调用。
当您启用服务器时,这可能会出现问题,您必须欺骗 Excel 再次调用您的 UDF,这取决于您想要执行的操作。
也许解释一下您要实现的完整功能?
Maybe... Try making your UDF wrapper function non-volatile, that way it won't get called unless one of its arguments changes.
This might be a problem when you enable the server, you'll have to trick Excel into calling your UDF again, it depends on what you're trying to do.
Perhaps explain the complete function you're trying to implement?
您可以尝试 Application.Caller.Text
这具有从渲染层作为文本返回格式化值的缺点,但似乎避免了循环引用问题。
注意:我尚未在所有可能的情况下测试此 hack情况 ...
You could try Application.Caller.Text
This has the drawback of returning the formatted value from the rendering layer as text, but seems to avoid the circular reference problem.
Note: I have not tested this hack under all possible circumstances ...