通过 AJAX 发布时字符编码错误
我的 Struts2 应用程序存在一些编码问题。我的JSP页面显示2个表单；当我发送第一个（简单的常规形式，重新加载整个页面）时，非标准字符，例如 á 或 ñ已正确发送并显示。但是，当我对第二种表单（通过 AJAX 发送）执行相同操作时，数据会被损坏（àí、à! 等）。
main.jsp:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
...
<s:head theme="ajax"/>
</head>
<body>
<!-- This form is sent via regular HTTP request -->
<s:form theme="simple" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<s:textfield key="field1" name="var1"/>
<s:submit key="send" action="SAVE_ACTION"/>
</s:form>
<div id="ajaxContainer">
<jsp:include file="ajax-part.jsp"/>
</div>
</body>
</html>
ajax-part.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!-- This form is sent via AJAX -->
<s:form enctype="multipart/form-data" theme="ajax" action="AJAX_ACTION" acceptcharset="UTF-8">
<s:textfield key="field2" name="var2"/>
<s:submit key="send" targets="ajaxContainer"/>
</s:form>
正如你所看到的，我已经在所有地方设置了 UTF-8 编码。我还检查过这些文件实际上是 UTF-8 编码的。并且 DOJO（用于 AJAX 请求）也以 UTF-8 进行配置，因为
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
// Dojo configuration
djConfig = {
baseRelativePath: "/myApp/struts/dojo",
isDebug: false,
bindEncoding: "UTF-8",
debugAtAllCosts: false
};
</script>
我在 a 上运行应用程序Tomcat 6服务器；添加 -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 参数没有任何区别（除了以 UTF-8 而不是 ISO-8859-1 记录的日志文件）。
它在 Google Chrome 和 IE8 中都会发生，所以我猜浏览器与问题无关，它一定是 web 应用程序中的问题。
我缺少什么？我可以更改什么来正确处理我的 AJAX 帖子？
I've a Struts2 application with some encoding problems. My JSP page displays 2 forms; when I send the first one (a simple, regular form, which reloads the full page), non-standard characters such as á or ñ are sent and shown correctly. However, when I do the same with the second form (which is sent via AJAX), the data gets corrupted (Ãí, Ã! and so on).
main.jsp:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
...
<s:head theme="ajax"/>
</head>
<body>
<!-- This form is sent via regular HTTP request -->
<s:form theme="simple" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<s:textfield key="field1" name="var1"/>
<s:submit key="send" action="SAVE_ACTION"/>
</s:form>
<div id="ajaxContainer">
<jsp:include file="ajax-part.jsp"/>
</div>
</body>
</html>
ajax-part.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!-- This form is sent via AJAX -->
<s:form enctype="multipart/form-data" theme="ajax" action="AJAX_ACTION" acceptcharset="UTF-8">
<s:textfield key="field2" name="var2"/>
<s:submit key="send" targets="ajaxContainer"/>
</s:form>
As you can see, I've set UTF-8 encoding everywhere. I've also checked that the files are actually UTF-8 encoded. And DOJO (which is used for the AJAX requests) is configured in UTF-8 too, because <s:head theme="ajax"/> becomes:
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
// Dojo configuration
djConfig = {
baseRelativePath: "/myApp/struts/dojo",
isDebug: false,
bindEncoding: "UTF-8",
debugAtAllCosts: false
};
</script>
I'm running the application on a Tomcat 6 server; adding the -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 parameter makes no difference (appart from the log files being recorded in UTF-8 instead of ISO-8859-1).
It happens both in Google Chrome and IE8, so I guess the browser has nothing to do with the problem, it must be something in the webapp.
What am I missing? What can I change to process correctly my AJAX posts?
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解决了！
在使用 Firebug 检查 AJAX 请求后（感谢四元数的提示），我发现了问题：Dojo 正确发送了 GET 请求中的数据，参数是 URL 编码的。首先，我认为 Struts2 使用错误的字符集进行 URL 解码，从而损坏了数据；但正如 Steven Benitez 指出的那样，它实际上是底层的 Servlet API。
最终通过在 Tomcat 的 server.xml 上将
URIEncoding="UTF-8"设置为如果此方法对其他人不起作用，也可以通过在接收 AJAX 数据的位置添加以下转换来手动解决：
Solved!
After inspecting AJAX requests with Firebug (thanks for the tip, Quaternion) I found out the problem: Dojo was sending correctly the data in GET requests, with the parameters URL-encoded. First I thought that Struts2 was doing the URL-decoding with the wrong charset, thus corrupting the data; but as Steven Benitez pointed out, it was actually the underlying Servlet API.
The problem was finally solved by setting
URIEncoding="UTF-8"to the<Connector>on Tomcat's server.xml, as explained in Apache Tomcat FAQs.In case this approach doesn't work for somebody else, it could also be manually solved by adding the following conversion where the AJAX data is received: