Django:如何基于 M2M 字段查询对象(搜索表单上字段的多个选择)

发布于 2024-10-08 17:15:25 字数 3169 浏览 2 评论 0原文

我需要帮助想出一种基于 M2M 字段对一组对象进行搜索查询的有效方法。我的搜索表单将类似于 Blue Cross Blue Shield 的 |例如:这张图片

现在,让我们假设我的模型如下所示:

# models.py
class Provider(models.Model)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=150)
    phone = PhoneNumberField()
    services_offered = models.ManyToManyField(ServiceType)
        def __unicode__(self):
            return self.title

class ServiceCategory(models.Model):
    service_category = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    def __unicode__(self):
    return self.service_category
    class Meta(object):
        verbose_name_plural = "Service Categories"


class ServiceType(models.Model):
    service_type = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    service_category = models.ForeignKey(ServiceCategory)       
    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'%s | %s' % (self.service_category, self.service_type

另外,我们必须记住,我们选择的选项可能会发生变化,因为它们在表单上的显示方式是动态的(可以随时添加新的 ServiceCategories 和 ServiceType)。 *考虑到使用搜索表单的人可以选择多个 Services_Offered,我应该如何构建 Provider 对象的查询?*

这是目前我非常低效的方法:

#managers.py

    from health.providers.models import *
    from django.db.models import Q

    class Query:
        def __init__(self):
        self.provider_objects=Provider.objects.all()
        self.provider_object=Provider.objects
        self.service_object=ServiceType.objects
        self.category_objects=ServiceCategory.objects.all()

        def simple_search_Q(self, **kwargs): #matt's learning note: **kwargs passes any dictionary
        return self.provider_objects.filter(
        Q(services_offered__service_type__icontains=kwargs['service']),
        Q(title__icontains=kwargs['title']),
        Q(state=kwargs['state']),
        ).distinct().order_by('title')

======= =============

  #views.py
    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    from health.providers.models import *
    from health.search.forms import *
    from health.search.managers import Query #location of the query sets
    from django.core.paginator import Paginator,  InvalidPage, EmptyPage
    from django.template import RequestContext


    def simple_search(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
        SimpleSearch_form = SimpleSearch(request.POST)
        if SimpleSearch_form.is_valid():
            request.session["provider_list"] = None
            kwargs = {'title': request.POST['title'],
                'service': request.POST['service'], 'state': request.POST['state'] }
            provider_list = Query().simple_search_Q(**kwargs)
            return pagination_results(request, provider_list)
        else:
        SimpleSearch_form = SimpleSearch()

        return render_to_response('../templates/index.html', { 'SimpleSearch_form': SimpleSearch_form},
            context_instance=RequestContext(request))

如何进行查询:

  1. 根据选择多个request.POST['service']获取Provider对象

  2. 更高效

感谢您提供的任何帮助。

此致, 马特

I need help coming up with an efficient way to do a search query for a set of objects, based on a M2M field. My search form is going to look something like Blue Cross Blue Shield's | eg: this image

Now, let's suppose my model looks like this:

# models.py
class Provider(models.Model)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=150)
    phone = PhoneNumberField()
    services_offered = models.ManyToManyField(ServiceType)
        def __unicode__(self):
            return self.title

class ServiceCategory(models.Model):
    service_category = models.CharField(max_length=30) 
    def __unicode__(self):
    return self.service_category
    class Meta(object):
        verbose_name_plural = "Service Categories"


class ServiceType(models.Model):
    service_type = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    service_category = models.ForeignKey(ServiceCategory)       
    def __unicode__(self):
        return u'%s | %s' % (self.service_category, self.service_type

Also, we have to keep in mind that the options that we select are subject to change, since how they display on the form is dynamic (new ServiceCategories and ServiceTypes can be added at anytime). *How should I go about constructing a query for the Provider objects, given that a person using the search form can select multiple Services_Offered?*

This is currently my HIGHLY INEFFICIENT METHOD:

#managers.py

    from health.providers.models import *
    from django.db.models import Q

    class Query:
        def __init__(self):
        self.provider_objects=Provider.objects.all()
        self.provider_object=Provider.objects
        self.service_object=ServiceType.objects
        self.category_objects=ServiceCategory.objects.all()

        def simple_search_Q(self, **kwargs): #matt's learning note: **kwargs passes any dictionary
        return self.provider_objects.filter(
        Q(services_offered__service_type__icontains=kwargs['service']),
        Q(title__icontains=kwargs['title']),
        Q(state=kwargs['state']),
        ).distinct().order_by('title')

====================

  #views.py
    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    from health.providers.models import *
    from health.search.forms import *
    from health.search.managers import Query #location of the query sets
    from django.core.paginator import Paginator,  InvalidPage, EmptyPage
    from django.template import RequestContext


    def simple_search(request):
        if request.method == 'POST':
        SimpleSearch_form = SimpleSearch(request.POST)
        if SimpleSearch_form.is_valid():
            request.session["provider_list"] = None
            kwargs = {'title': request.POST['title'],
                'service': request.POST['service'], 'state': request.POST['state'] }
            provider_list = Query().simple_search_Q(**kwargs)
            return pagination_results(request, provider_list)
        else:
        SimpleSearch_form = SimpleSearch()

        return render_to_response('../templates/index.html', { 'SimpleSearch_form': SimpleSearch_form},
            context_instance=RequestContext(request))

How can I make my query:

  1. Obtain Provider objects based on selecting multiple request.POST['service']

  2. More efficient

Thanks for any help in advanced.

Best Regards,
Matt

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评论(1

梦途 2024-10-15 17:15:25

1:对于多个 request.POST['service'],我假设您的意思是这些是复选框。

我会将 CheckBox 值设置为 ID,而不是名称,然后进行 PK 查找。

'services_offered__pk__in': request.POST.getlist('service')
这将返回选择了所有服务的所有 Provider 对象。

PS:您还在实例中使用大写字母,这非常令人困惑。如果您希望代码具有可读性,我强烈建议您对样式进行一些更改(不要对实例或变量使用大写字母)并使变量更具描述性。

SimpleSearch_form = SimpleSearch() # what is SimpleSearch? 
simplesearch_form = SimpleSearchForm() # now, it's very clear what the class SimpleSearchForm is
# and the form instance is clearly a for instance.

2:提高效率?您可以通过删除整个 Query 类来摆脱大量代码和代码分离。另外,我不知道你为什么使用 Q 对象,因为你没有做任何需要它的事情(比如 OR 或 OR + AND)。

def simple_search(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        searchform = SimpleSearchForm(request.POST)

        if searchform.is_valid():
            request.session['provider_list'] = None
            post = request.POST
            providers = Provider.objects.filter(services_offered__pk__in=post.getlist('services'),
                title=post['title'], state=post['state'])
            return pagination_results(request, provider_list)
    else:
        searchform = SimpleSearchForm()

    return direct_to_template(request, '../templates/index.html', { 'searchform': searchform})

1: for multiple request.POST['service'], I assume you mean these are CheckBoxes.

I'd make the CheckBox values ID's, not names, and do a PK lookup.

'services_offered__pk__in': request.POST.getlist('service')
That would return all Provider objects that have ALL of the services selected.

PS: You are also using CapitalCase for instances which is very confusing. If you want your code to be readable, I highly recommend some changes to your style (don't use CapitalCase for instances or variables) and make your variables more descriptive.

SimpleSearch_form = SimpleSearch() # what is SimpleSearch? 
simplesearch_form = SimpleSearchForm() # now, it's very clear what the class SimpleSearchForm is
# and the form instance is clearly a for instance.

2: making it more efficient? You could get rid of a lot of code and code separation by remove your whole Query class. Also, I don't know why you are using Q objects since you are not doing anything that would require it (like OR or OR + AND).

def simple_search(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        searchform = SimpleSearchForm(request.POST)

        if searchform.is_valid():
            request.session['provider_list'] = None
            post = request.POST
            providers = Provider.objects.filter(services_offered__pk__in=post.getlist('services'),
                title=post['title'], state=post['state'])
            return pagination_results(request, provider_list)
    else:
        searchform = SimpleSearchForm()

    return direct_to_template(request, '../templates/index.html', { 'searchform': searchform})
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