`staticmethod` 和 `abc.abstractmethod`:它会混合吗?

发布于 2024-10-08 12:23:48 字数 890 浏览 8 评论 0 原文

在我的 Python 应用程序中,我想创建一个既是 staticmethod 又是 abc.abstractmethod。我该怎么做?

我尝试应用这两个装饰器,但它不起作用。如果我这样做:

import abc

class C(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

    @abc.abstractmethod
    @staticmethod    
    def my_function(): pass

我会得到一个异常*,如果我这样做:

class C(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

    @staticmethod    
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def my_function(): pass

不强制执行抽象方法。

如何创建抽象静态方法?

*例外情况:

File "c:\Python26\Lib\abc.py", line 29, in abstractmethod
 funcobj.__isabstractmethod__ = True
AttributeError: 'staticmethod' object has no attribute '__isabstractmethod__'

In my Python app I want to make a method that is both a staticmethod and an abc.abstractmethod. How do I do this?

I tried applying both decorators, but it doesn't work. If I do this:

import abc

class C(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

    @abc.abstractmethod
    @staticmethod    
    def my_function(): pass

I get an exception*, and if I do this:

class C(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta

    @staticmethod    
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def my_function(): pass

The abstract method is not enforced.

How can I make an abstract static method?

*The exception:

File "c:\Python26\Lib\abc.py", line 29, in abstractmethod
 funcobj.__isabstractmethod__ = True
AttributeError: 'staticmethod' object has no attribute '__isabstractmethod__'

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评论(5

街角迷惘 2024-10-15 12:23:48

Python 3.3开始,可以结合 @staticmethod@abstractmethod,因此其他建议不再是必要的:

@staticmethod
@abstractmethod
def my_abstract_staticmethod(...):

@abstractstaticmethod版本 3.3 (但在 Python 3.13 中仍然存在)。

Starting with Python 3.3, it is possible to combine @staticmethod and @abstractmethod, so none of the other suggestions are necessary anymore:

@staticmethod
@abstractmethod
def my_abstract_staticmethod(...):

@abstractstaticmethod has been deprecated since version 3.3 (but is still there in Python 3.13).

感性 2024-10-15 12:23:48
class abstractstatic(staticmethod):
    __slots__ = ()
    def __init__(self, function):
        super(abstractstatic, self).__init__(function)
        function.__isabstractmethod__ = True
    __isabstractmethod__ = True

class A(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
    @abstractstatic
    def test():
        print 5
class abstractstatic(staticmethod):
    __slots__ = ()
    def __init__(self, function):
        super(abstractstatic, self).__init__(function)
        function.__isabstractmethod__ = True
    __isabstractmethod__ = True

class A(object):
    __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
    @abstractstatic
    def test():
        print 5
柏林苍穹下 2024-10-15 12:23:48

这样就可以了:

  >>> import abc
  >>> abstractstaticmethod = abc.abstractmethod
  >>>
  >>> class A(object):
  ...     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
  ...     @abstractstaticmethod
  ...     def themethod():
  ...          pass
  ... 
  >>> a = A()
  >>> Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "asm.py", line 16, in <module>
    a = A()
  TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class A with abstract methods test

你会说“呃?它只是重命名@abstractmethod”,这是完全正确的。因为上面的任何子类都必须包含 @staticmethod 装饰器。除了在阅读代码时作为文档之外,您在这里不需要它。子类必须如下所示:

  >>> class B(A):
  ...     @staticmethod
  ...     def themethod():
  ...         print "Do whatevs"

要拥有一个强制您将此方法设为静态方法的函数,您必须将 ABCmeta 子类化以检查并强制执行它。这是大量的工作却没有真正的回报。 (如果有人忘记了 @staticmethod 装饰器,他们无论如何都会得到一个明显的错误,它只是不会提到静态方法。

所以事实上这也同样有效:

  >>> import abc
  >>>
  >>> class A(object):
  ...     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
  ...     @abc.abstractmethod
  ...     def themethod():
  ...         """Subclasses must implement this as a @staticmethod"""
  ...          pass

更新 - 另一种解释方式:

方法是静态的,它控制它如何被称为。
抽象方法永远不会被调用。
因此,除了用于文档目的之外,抽象静态方法是一个毫无意义的概念。

This will do it:

  >>> import abc
  >>> abstractstaticmethod = abc.abstractmethod
  >>>
  >>> class A(object):
  ...     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
  ...     @abstractstaticmethod
  ...     def themethod():
  ...          pass
  ... 
  >>> a = A()
  >>> Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "asm.py", line 16, in <module>
    a = A()
  TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class A with abstract methods test

You go "Eh? It just renames @abstractmethod", and this is completely correct. Because any subclass of the above will have to include the @staticmethod decorator anyway. You have no need of it here, except as documentation when reading the code. A subclass would have to look like this:

  >>> class B(A):
  ...     @staticmethod
  ...     def themethod():
  ...         print "Do whatevs"

To have a function that would enforce you to make this method a static method you would have to subclass ABCmeta to check for that and enforce it. That's a lot of work for no real return. (If somebody forgets the @staticmethod decorator they will get a clear error anyway, it just won't mention static methods.

So in fact this works just as well:

  >>> import abc
  >>>
  >>> class A(object):
  ...     __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
  ...     @abc.abstractmethod
  ...     def themethod():
  ...         """Subclasses must implement this as a @staticmethod"""
  ...          pass

Update - Another way to explain it:

That a method is static controls how it is called.
An abstract method is never called.
And abstract static method is therefore a pretty pointless concept, except for documentation purposes.

萤火眠眠 2024-10-15 12:23:48

目前这在 Python 2.X 中是不可能的,它只会强制该方法是抽象的或静态的,但不能同时是两者。

在Python 3.2+中,添加了新的装饰器abc.abstractclassmethodabc.abstractstaticmethod,以将它们的抽象和静态或抽象和类方法的强制结合起来。

请参阅 Python 问题 5867

This is currently not possible in Python 2.X, which will only enforce the method to be abstract or static, but not both.

In Python 3.2+, the new decoratorsabc.abstractclassmethod and abc.abstractstaticmethod were added to combine their enforcement of being abstract and static or abstract and a class method.

See Python Issue 5867

哥,最终变帅啦 2024-10-15 12:23:48

文档如下所示:

abstractmethod()与其他方法结合应用时
描述符,它应该作为最里面的装饰器应用,...

因此,@abstractmethod必须是最内层的装饰器,如下所示:

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Person(ABC):

    @classmethod
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def test1(cls):
        pass
    
    @staticmethod
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def test2():
        pass

    @property
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def name(self):
        pass

    @name.setter
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def name(self, name):
        pass

    @name.deleter
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def name(self):
        pass

然后,您需要在子类如下所示:

class Student(Person):
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name
    
    @classmethod
    def test1(cls): # Overrides abstract class method
        print("Test1")
    
    @staticmethod
    def test2(): # Overrides abstract static method
        print("Test2")
    
    @property
    def name(self): # Overrides abstract getter
        return self._name
    
    @name.setter
    def name(self, name): # Overrides abstract setter
        self._name = name
    
    @name.deleter
    def name(self): # Overrides abstract deleter
        del self._name

然后,您可以实例化子类并调用它们,如下所示:

obj = Student("John") # Instantiates "Student" class
obj.test1() # Class method
obj.test2() # Static method
print(obj.name) # Getter
obj.name = "Tom" # Setter
print(obj.name) # Getter
del obj.name # Deleter
print(hasattr(obj, "name"))

输出:

Test1
Test2
John 
Tom  
False

您可以看到 我的回答解释了抽象属性

The documentation says below:

When abstractmethod() is applied in combination with other method
descriptors, it should be applied as the innermost decorator, ...

So, @abstractmethod must be the innermost decorator as shown below:

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Person(ABC):

    @classmethod
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def test1(cls):
        pass
    
    @staticmethod
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def test2():
        pass

    @property
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def name(self):
        pass

    @name.setter
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def name(self, name):
        pass

    @name.deleter
    @abstractmethod # The innermost decorator
    def name(self):
        pass

Then, you need to override them in the child class as shown below:

class Student(Person):
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        self._name = name
    
    @classmethod
    def test1(cls): # Overrides abstract class method
        print("Test1")
    
    @staticmethod
    def test2(): # Overrides abstract static method
        print("Test2")
    
    @property
    def name(self): # Overrides abstract getter
        return self._name
    
    @name.setter
    def name(self, name): # Overrides abstract setter
        self._name = name
    
    @name.deleter
    def name(self): # Overrides abstract deleter
        del self._name

Then, you can instantiate the child class and call them as shown below:

obj = Student("John") # Instantiates "Student" class
obj.test1() # Class method
obj.test2() # Static method
print(obj.name) # Getter
obj.name = "Tom" # Setter
print(obj.name) # Getter
del obj.name # Deleter
print(hasattr(obj, "name"))

Output:

Test1
Test2
John 
Tom  
False

You can see my answer which explains about abstract property.

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