将 --user 与 --prefix 错误与 setup.py install 结合起来
我试图在我最近访问的系统上安装 Python 软件包。我试图利用Python相对较新的 每用户站点包目录，以及新选项--user。 （该选项当前未记录，但它存在于 Python 2.6+ 中；您可以通过运行 < code>python setup.py install --help。）
当我尝试
python setup.py install --user
在我下载的任何包上运行时，我总是收到以下错误：
error: can't combine user with with prefix/exec_prefix/home or install_(plat)base
该错误非常令人困惑，因为如您所见，我没有提供--prefix、--exec-prefix、--install-base 或 --install-platbase > 标志作为命令行选项。我浪费了很多时间试图找出问题所在。我将我的答案记录在下面，希望能让其他可怜的人花几个小时牦牛剃毛。
I was trying to install Python packages a system I recently gained access to. I was trying to take advantage of Python's relatively new per user site-packages directory, and the new option --user. (The option is currently undocumented, however it exists for Python 2.6+; you can see the help by running python setup.py install --help.)
When I tried running
python setup.py install --user
on any package I downloaded, I always got the following error:
error: can't combine user with with prefix/exec_prefix/home or install_(plat)base
The error was extremely perplexing because, as you can see, I wasn't providing the --prefix, --exec-prefix, --install-base, or --install-platbase flags as command line options. I wasted a lot of time trying to figure out what the problem was. I document my answer below, in hopes to spare some other poor soul a few hours of yak shaving.
如果你对这篇内容有疑问，欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论，获取更多帮助，或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。
绑定邮箱获取回复消息
由于您还没有绑定你的真实邮箱，如果其他用户或者作者回复了您的评论，将不能在第一时间通知您！
发布评论
评论（6）
一次性解决方法：
或
请注意，
=后面没有文本（甚至没有空格）。不要忘记
--user标志。安装多个软件包：
使用以下内容创建
~/.pydistutils.cfg（或适用于您的操作系统/平台的等效内容）：请注意，
=< 后面没有文本（甚至没有空格） /代码>。然后运行必要的
pip install --user或python setup.py install --user命令。不要忘记--user标志。最后，删除或重命名该文件。当使用此
~/.pydistutils.cfg作为该用户在系统范围内安装 Python 包（即，没有--user）时，保留此文件将导致出现问题。此问题的原因
这似乎是 OpenSUSE 和 RedHat 的问题，导致 virtualenv 中的错误 在这些平台上。
该错误源于系统级 distutils 配置文件（在我的情况下
/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/distutils.cfg) 基本上，这相当于始终运行安装命令
install --prefix=/usr/local。您必须使用上述技术之一来覆盖此规范。One time workaround:
or
Note that there is no text (not even whitespace) after the
=.Do not forget the
--userflag.Installing multiple packages:
Create
~/.pydistutils.cfg(or equivalent for your OS/platform) with the following contents:Note that there is no text (not even whitespace) after the
=.Then run the necessary
pip install --userorpython setup.py install --usercommands. Do not forget the--userflag.Finally, remove or rename this file. Leaving this file present will cause issues when installing Python packages system-wide (i.e., without
--user) as this user with this~/.pydistutils.cfg.The cause of this issue
This appears to be an issue with both OpenSUSE and RedHat, which has lead to a bug in virtualenv on these platforms.
The error stems from a system-level distutils configuration file (in my case
/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/distutils.cfg) where there was thisBasically, this is equivalent to always running the install command as
install --prefix=/usr/local. You have to override this specification using one of the techniques above.发帖是为了节省其他人的时间，因为没有可用的答案对我有用...
在某些环境中，使用
--target(-t) 开关仍然会遇到相同的错误。在我对两种版本的 Linux 进行测试时，我在使用--prefix=参数时遇到了同样的问题。代码：
说明：
我的解决方法似乎适用于许多环境（MacOS、Amazon Linux、Debian），即将 PYTHONUSERBASE 环境变量设置为临时位置。
--force-reinstall用于触发本地安装，即使软件包已经安装。这将导致模块被编译/安装（取决于操作系统和 Python 版本）到：
/tmp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/*Posting to save others time, as no available answers worked for me...
In some environments, using the
--target(-t) switch will still hit the same error. In my testing on two flavors of linux, I encountered the same issue when using the--prefix=parameter.Code:
Explanation:
My workaround, which seems to work across many environments (MacOS, Amazon Linux, Debian) is to set the
PYTHONUSERBASEenvironment variable to a temp location.--force-reinstallis used to trigger the local installation even when the package is already installed.This will result in the module being compiled/installed (depending on the OS and Python version) to:
/tmp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/*正如评论中所指出的，接受的答案（@gotgenes，大概有基因）可能会导致意想不到的后果。
@rogeleaderr 说：“请注意，像这样保留此文件将使 Python 认为 / 是您的 root python 库目录，如果您尝试安装其他新包，则会导致混乱的问题。”
与其像 @gotgenes 建议的那样编写新的配置文件，更好的选择是添加
--prefix=（等号右侧没有文本）作为 上的选项命令行，如As has been noted in the comments, the accepted answer (by @gotgenes, who, presumably, has genes) can lead to unexpected consequences.
@rogeleaderr says, "Note that keeping this file like this will make Python think that / is your root python library directory, leading to confusing issues if you try to install other new packages."
Rather than write a new config file, as @gotgenes recommends, a better option is to add
--prefix=(with no text to the right of the equals sign) as an option on the command line, as in您只需运行
pip install --user .即可，无需前缀参数。无论如何，这更好，因为如果你的 pip 配置为使用 Python 3，它将默认为 python3。
（我忘记输入
python3 setup.py，它在 2.7 下安装了一个仅包含 3 个版本的软件包）（信用 https ://stackoverflow.com/a/1550235/4364036）
You can simply run
pip install --user ., no prefix args required.This is better anyway because it will default to python3 if your pip is configured to use Python 3.
(I forgot to enter
python3 setup.pyand it installed a 3-only package under 2.7)(credit https://stackoverflow.com/a/1550235/4364036)
我也有同样的问题。它隐藏在
~/.config/pip/pip.conf中：这样的配置是在我不知情的情况下由第三方脚本创建的。
我建议检查 pip 配置文件并删除
target=/foo/bar选项。I had have the same problem. It was hidden inside the
~/.config/pip/pip.confwith:Such a config was created by a third-party script without my knowledge.
I suggest checking the pip configuration files and removing the
target=/foo/baroptions.以下内容对我不起作用：
但是，当与
sudo一起使用时，它可以工作：感谢 gotgenes 答案
The following didn't work for me:
However, when using it with
sudo, it works:Thanks to gotgenes for the answer