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如何获取Python中所有已初始化对象和函数定义的列表？

发布于 2024-10-08 08:50:28 字数 108 浏览 0 评论 0原文

假设在 python shell (IDLE) 中我定义了一些类、函数、变量。还创建了类的对象。然后我删除了一些对象并创建了其他一些对象。稍后，我如何才能知道内存中当前活动的对象、变量和方法定义是什么？

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小红帽 2024-10-15 08:50:28

是的。

>>> import gc
>>> gc.get_objects()

并不是说你会发现它很有用。其中有很多。 :-) 当你启动 Python 时就超过 4000。

可能更有用的是所有本地活跃的变量：

>>> locals()

以及全局活跃的变量：（

>>> globals()

请注意，Python 中的“全局”并不是真正的全局。为此，您需要 上面的 gc.get_objects() ，并且您不太可能发现有用，如前所述）。

Yes.

>>> import gc
>>> gc.get_objects()

Not that you'll find that useful. There is a lot of them. :-) Over 4000 just when you start Python.

Possibly a bit more useful is all the variables active locally:

>>> locals()

And the one active globally:

>>> globals()

(Note that "globally" in Python isn't really global as such. For that, you need the gc.get_objects() above, and that you are unlikely to ever find useful, as mentioned).

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可遇━不可求 2024-10-15 08:50:28

函数gc.get_objects()不会找到所有对象，例如不会找到numpy数组。

import numpy as np
import gc

a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = gc.get_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will not find the numpy array

您将需要一个扩展所有对象的函数，如此处

# code from https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/python/GetAllObjects
import gc
# Recursively expand slist's objects
# into olist, using seen to track
# already processed objects.
def _getr(slist, olist, seen):
  for e in slist:
    if id(e) in seen:
      continue
    seen[id(e)] = None
    olist.append(e)
    tl = gc.get_referents(e)
    if tl:
      _getr(tl, olist, seen)

# The public function.
def get_all_objects():
  """Return a list of all live Python
  objects, not including the list itself."""
  gcl = gc.get_objects()
  olist = []
  seen = {}
  # Just in case:
  seen[id(gcl)] = None
  seen[id(olist)] = None
  seen[id(seen)] = None
  # _getr does the real work.
  _getr(gcl, olist, seen)
  return olist

所述我们应该能够找到大多数个对象

import numpy as np
import gc

a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = get_all_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will return True, the np.ndarray is found!

The function gc.get_objects() will not find all objects, e.g. numpy arrays will not be found.

import numpy as np
import gc

a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = gc.get_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will not find the numpy array

You will need a function that expands all objects, as explained here

# code from https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/python/GetAllObjects
import gc
# Recursively expand slist's objects
# into olist, using seen to track
# already processed objects.
def _getr(slist, olist, seen):
  for e in slist:
    if id(e) in seen:
      continue
    seen[id(e)] = None
    olist.append(e)
    tl = gc.get_referents(e)
    if tl:
      _getr(tl, olist, seen)

# The public function.
def get_all_objects():
  """Return a list of all live Python
  objects, not including the list itself."""
  gcl = gc.get_objects()
  olist = []
  seen = {}
  # Just in case:
  seen[id(gcl)] = None
  seen[id(olist)] = None
  seen[id(seen)] = None
  # _getr does the real work.
  _getr(gcl, olist, seen)
  return olist

Now we should be able to find most objects

import numpy as np
import gc

a = np.random.rand(100)
objects = get_all_objects()
print(any[x is a for x in objects])
# will return True, the np.ndarray is found!

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