从维基百科文章中提取第一段 (Python)
如何使用 Python 从维基百科文章中提取第一段?
例如,对于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,这将是:
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(发音为/ˈælbərt) ˈaɪnstaɪn/;德语: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn] ( 听); 1879 年 3 月 14 日 – 4 月 18 日 1955)是一位理论物理学家, 广泛传播的哲学家和作家 被认为是最 有影响力和标志性的科学家和 历代知识分子。一个 德国-瑞士诺贝尔奖获得者、爱因斯坦 通常被视为父亲 现代物理学。[2]他收到了 1921 年诺贝尔物理学奖” 为理论物理服务,以及 尤其是他的发现 光电效应定律”。[3]
How can I extract the first paragraph from a Wikipedia article, using Python?
For example, for Albert Einstein, that would be:
Albert Einstein (pronounced /ˈælbərt
ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn]
( listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April
1955) was a theoretical physicist,
philosopher and author who is widely
regarded as one of the most
influential and iconic scientists and
intellectuals of all time. A
German-Swiss Nobel laureate, Einstein
is often regarded as the father of
modern physics.[2] He received the
1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his
services to theoretical physics, and
especially for his discovery of the
law of the photoelectric effect".[3]
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我编写了一个 Python 库,旨在让这一切变得非常简单。请访问 Github 查看。
要安装它,请运行
然后获取文章的第一段,只需使用 wikipedia.summary 函数。
印刷
至于其工作原理,
wikipedia
向 MediaWiki API 的移动前端扩展,它返回 Wikipedia 文章的移动友好版本。具体来说,通过传递参数prop=extracts&exsectionformat=plain
,MediaWiki 服务器将解析 Wikitext 并返回您所请求的文章的纯文本摘要,最多包括整个页面文本。它还接受参数exchars
和。 >exsentences
,毫不奇怪,它限制了 API 返回的字符和句子的数量。I wrote a Python library that aims to make this very easy. Check it out at Github.
To install it, run
Then to get the first paragraph of an article, just use the
wikipedia.summary
function.prints
As far as how it works,
wikipedia
makes a request to the Mobile Frontend Extension of the MediaWiki API, which returns mobile friendly versions of Wikipedia articles. To be specific, by passing the parametersprop=extracts&exsectionformat=plain
, the MediaWiki servers will parse the Wikitext and return a plain text summary of the article you are requesting, up to and including the entire page text. It also accepts the parametersexchars
andexsentences
, which, not surprisingly, limit the number of characters and sentences returned by the API.不久前,我做了两个类来获取纯文本的维基百科文章。我知道它们不是最好的解决方案,但您可以根据您的需求进行调整:
wikipedia .py
wiki2plain.py
你可以像这样使用它:
Some time ago I made two classes for get Wikipedia articles in plain text. I know that they aren't the best solution, but you can adapt it to your needs:
wikipedia.py
wiki2plain.py
You can use it like this:
Wikipedia 运行一个 MediaWiki 扩展,它以 API 模块的形式提供了此功能。 TextExtracts 实现
action=query&prop=extracts
以 HTML 或纯文本形式返回前 N 个句子和/或仅介绍的选项。这是您想要进行的 API 调用,请尝试一下:
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&prop=extracts&titles=Albert%20Einstein&exintro=&exsentences=2&explaintext =&redirects=&formatversion=2
action=query&prop=extracts
请求此信息redirects=
(true) 因此,如果您请求“titles=Einstein”,您将获得阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦页面信息formatversion=2
,以获得更清晰的 UTF-8 格式。有各种库可以调用 MediaWiki 操作 API,例如 DGund 的答案中的库,但自己调用 API 并不太难。
搜索结果中的页面信息讨论获取此文本摘录以及获取说明和引导图像对于文章。
Wikipedia runs a MediaWiki extension that provides exactly this functionality as an API module. TextExtracts implements
action=query&prop=extracts
with options to return the first N sentences and/or just the introduction, as HTML or plain text.Here's the API call you want to make, try it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&prop=extracts&titles=Albert%20Einstein&exintro=&exsentences=2&explaintext=&redirects=&formatversion=2
action=query&prop=extracts
to request this inforedirects=
(true) so if you ask for "titles=Einstein" you'll get the Albert Einstein page infoformatversion=2
for a cleaner format in UTF-8.There are various libraries that wrap invoking the MediaWiki action API, such as the one in DGund's answer, but it's not too hard to make the API calls yourself.
Page info in search results discusses getting this text extract, along with getting a description and lead image for articles.
我所做的是这样的:
What I did is this:
相对较新的 REST API 有一个非常适合此目的的
summary
方法使用,并执行这里其他答案中提到的很多事情(例如删除wikicode)。如果适用的话,它甚至包括图像和地理坐标。使用可爱的
requests
模块和 Python 3:The relatively new REST API has a
summary
method that is perfect for this use, and does a lot of the things mentioned in the other answers here (e.g. removing wikicode). It even includes an image and geocoordinates if applicable.Using the lovely
requests
module and Python 3:首先,我保证我不会尖酸刻薄。
这是之前可能有用的问题:
使用 Python 获取维基百科文章
在此有人建议使用维基百科高级 API ,这就引出了这个问题:
有维基百科 API 吗?
First, I promise I am not being snarky.
Here's a previous question that might be of use:
Fetch a Wikipedia article with Python
In this someone suggests using the wikipedia high level API, which leads to this question:
Is there a Wikipedia API?
如果您需要库建议,BeautifulSoup,urllib2 。
之前回答过:使用 Python 进行网页抓取。
我尝试过 urllib2 从维基百科获取页面。但是,这是 403(禁止)。 MediaWiki为维基百科提供API,支持各种输出格式。我没有使用过 python-wikitools,但可能值得一试。 http://code.google.com/p/python-wikitools/
If you want library suggestions, BeautifulSoup, urllib2 come to mind.
Answered on SO before: Web scraping with Python.
I have tried urllib2 to get a page from Wikipedia. But, it was 403 (forbidden). MediaWiki provides API for Wikipedia, supporting various output formats. I haven't used python-wikitools, but may be worth a try. http://code.google.com/p/python-wikitools/
正如其他人所说,一种方法是使用 wikimedia API 和 urllib 或 urllib2。下面的代码片段是我用来提取所谓的“引导”部分的一部分,其中包含文章摘要和信息框。这将检查返回的文本是否是重定向而不是实际内容,并且还可以让您跳过信息框(如果存在)(在我的情况下,我使用不同的代码来拉出并格式化信息框。
您将返回原始文本,包括wiki 标记,因此您需要进行一些清理,如果您只想要第一段,而不是整个第一部分,请查找第一个换行符。
As others have said, one approach is to use the wikimedia API and urllib or urllib2. The code fragments below are part of what I used to extract what is called the "lead" section, which has the article abstract and the infobox. This will check if the returned text is a redirect instead of actual content, and also let you skip the infobox if present (in my case I used different code to pull out and format the infobox.
You'll be getting back the raw text including wiki markup, so you'll need to do some clean up. If you just want the first paragraph, not the whole first section, look for the first new line character.
尝试结合使用
urllib
来获取站点,并使用BeautifulSoup
或lxml
来解析数据。Try a combination of
urllib
to fetch the site andBeautifulSoup
orlxml
to parse the data.尝试
模式
。Try
pattern
.