体积数据的 DICOM 基础知识
我查看了一些 DICOM 标准和维基百科页面（以及 SO 上的所有 DICOM 主题），但没有真正深入研究文件结构文档（呃），我很困惑到底存储了什么包含 3D/4D/5D 数据扫描的 DICOM 文件内。我只想要一个概述。
我们以核磁共振为例。 DICOM 文件是否包含一组
- 从不同角度拍摄的原始 2D 图像、
- 形成 3D 体素数据集的切片堆栈、
- 完整的 3D 数据集。
换句话说，DICOM 是否包含对原始图像的任何后处理？成像机拍摄的图像？
就 4D 而言，大概它只是多个 3D 数据集的集合，每个“帧”都是一个单独的数据集？
I have looked at some of the DICOM standard and the Wikipedia page (and all DICOM topics on SO) but without really digging into the file structure doc (ugh), I'm left confused what exactly is stored inside a DICOM file for a scan comprising 3D/4D/5D data. I only want an overview.
Let's take MRI as an example. Does the DICOM file contain
- a set of the raw 2D images taken from various angles
- a stack of slices forming a 3D voxel dataset
- a full 3D dataset
In other words, does DICOM include any post-processing on the raw images captured by the imaging machine?
As far as 4D, presumably it's simply a collection of multiple 3D datasets, each 'frame' is a separate dataset?
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DICOM“标准”包含许多不同的选项以及供应商扩展，因此大多数事情都是可能的。
也就是说，我遇到的大多数 3D DICOM 数据集都是 2D 图像堆栈。对于后处理，它完全取决于成像机器。
如果您正在寻找免费的 DICOM 库，您可以尝试 GDCM，我一直在对此相当满意。
The DICOM "standard" has so many different options in it, along with vendor extensions, that most things are possible.
That said, most 3D DICOM datasets that I have encountered are 2D image stacks. For post-processing, it depends solely on the imaging machine.
If you're looking for a freely available DICOM library, you can try out GDCM, I've been fairly happy with it.
原始 DICOM MR 格式保存单个 2D 图像。该格式仍然受到广泛支持，很可能就是您所拥有的。如果这就是您所拥有的，那么您将需要收集一系列图像中的所有图像来构建您的卷。
更新的增强型 MR 图像格式能够将整个体积存储为多帧图像。如果是这样，那就是你的音量。我不记得单个增强 MR 对象是否必须是整个系列。
您可以通过查看 DICOM 属性 SOP 类 UID (0008,0016) 来区分它们：
上面，当我说您可能需要收集“系列中的所有图像”来构建卷时，这意味着您正在使用具有相同属性系列实例 UID (0020,000E) 值的图像。
注意：
The original DICOM MR format holds a single, 2D image. That format is still widely supported, quite likely what you have. If that is what you have, then you'll want to gather all of the images in a series to construct your volume.
A newer, enhanced MR image format is able to store an entire volume as a multi-frame image. If it does, that's your volume. I don't recall whether a single enhanced MR object has to be the entire series or not.
You can tell them apart by looking at the DICOM attribute SOP Class UID (0008,0016):
Above, when I said that you might need to gather "all of the images in a series" to build a volume, that means you are using the images that share the same value for the attribute Series Instance UID (0020,000E).
Notes: