今天在尝试编写一个使用 PIL 的 Python 脚本的过程中,我发现我的本地计算机上似乎没有它(OS X 10.5.8,默认安装 2.5 Python)。
所以我运行:
easy_install --prefix=/usr/local/python/ pil
它抱怨 /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5/site-packages 尚不存在,所以我创建它,然后再试一次,得到这个:
测试失败:
/usr/local/python//lib/python2.5/site-packages
不支持 .pth 文件错误:坏
安装目录或PYTHONPATH
您正在尝试安装
打包到不在的目录
PYTHONPATH 而 Python 没有
从中读取“.pth”文件。这
您指定的安装目录
(通过 --install-dir、--prefix 或
distutils 默认设置)是:
/usr/local/python//lib/python2.5/site-packages
和你的 PYTHONPATH 环境
变量当前包含:
<前><代码>''
好吧,很公平——我没有做任何事情来设置路径。所以我在 ~/.bash_profile 中添加了一行快速内容:
PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:/usr/local/python/lib/python2.5"
并 source
它,然后重试。
同样的错误消息。
考虑到 PYTHONPATH 已明确设置,这有点奇怪;我可以echo $PYTHONPATH
并返回:/usr/local/python/lib/python2.5
。我决定从内部检查包含路径是什么样的:
import sys
print "\n".join(sys.path)
它会产生:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python25.zip
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/plat-darwin
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/plat-mac
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/lib-tk
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload
/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/PyObjC
其中 /usr/local/python/yadda/yadda
明显缺失。
不知道我应该在这里做什么。如何让 python 将此位置识别为包含路径?
更新
正如 Sven Marnach 所建议的,我忽略了导出 PYTHONPATH。我已经纠正了这个问题,现在当我从 Python 中打印出 sys.path 时,就会看到它出现了。但是,我仍然收到上面提到的 TEST FAILED
错误消息,只是使用了新的 PYTHONPATH 环境变量。
因此,我尝试将其从 /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5
更改为 /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5/site-packages
、导出并再次运行相同的 easy_install
命令。这会导致一个全新的结果,起初看起来像成功(但事实并非如此):
Creating /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5/site-packages/site.py
Searching for pil
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/pil/
Reading http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil
Reading http://effbot.org/zone/pil-changes-115.htm
Reading http://effbot.org/downloads/#Imaging
Best match: PIL 1.1.7
Downloading http://effbot.org/media/downloads/PIL-1.1.7.tar.gz
Processing PIL-1.1.7.tar.gz
Running PIL-1.1.7/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/XW/XWpClVq7EpSB37BV3zTo+++++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-krj9oR/PIL-1.1.7/egg-dist-tmp--Pyauy
--- using frameworks at /System/Library/Frameworks
[snipped: compiler warnings]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PIL 1.1.7 SETUP SUMMARY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
version 1.1.7
platform darwin 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Sep 1 2010, 22:03:14)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--- TKINTER support available
--- JPEG support available
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available
*** FREETYPE2 support not available
*** LITTLECMS support not available
--------------------------------------------------------------------
To add a missing option, make sure you have the required
library, and set the corresponding ROOT variable in the
setup.py script.
To check the build, run the selftest.py script.
zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
Image: module references __file__
No eggs found in /var/folders/XW/XWpClVq7EpSB37BV3zTo+++++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-krj9oR/PIL-1.1.7/egg-dist-tmp--Pyauy (setup script problem?)
同样,这看起来不错,但是当我去运行我的脚本时:
回溯(最近一次调用最后一次):
文件“checkerboard.py”,第 1 行,位于
导入图像、ImageDraw 导入错误:没有名为 Image 的模块
当我使用 find .
检查 /usr/local/python/
下现在的内容时,我得到:
./lib ./lib/python2.5
./lib/python2.5/site-packages
./lib/python2.5/site-packages/site.py
./lib/python2.5/site-packages/site.pyc
所以...没有任何模块外观(我假设 site.py 和 site.pyc 是元数据或帮助程序脚本)。安装到哪里去了?
我注意到这一点:
要检查构建,请运行
selftest.py 脚本。
但实在不知道那是什么。
我还注意到“没有找到鸡蛋”的消息。这些提示是其中之一吗?
In the process of trying to write a Python script that uses PIL today, I discovered I don't seem have it on my local machine (OS X 10.5.8, default 2.5 Python install).
So I run:
easy_install --prefix=/usr/local/python/ pil
and it complains a little about /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5/site-packages not yet existing, so I create it, and try again, and get this:
TEST FAILED:
/usr/local/python//lib/python2.5/site-packages
does NOT support .pth files error: bad
install directory or PYTHONPATH
You are attempting to install a
package to a directory that is not on
PYTHONPATH and which Python does not
read ".pth" files from. The
installation directory you specified
(via --install-dir, --prefix, or the
distutils default setting) was:
/usr/local/python//lib/python2.5/site-packages
and your PYTHONPATH environment
variable currently contains:
''
OK, fair enough -- I hadn't done anything to set the path. So I add a quick line to ~/.bash_profile:
PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:/usr/local/python/lib/python2.5"
and source
it, and try again.
Same error message.
This is kindof curious, given that PYTHONPATH is clearly set; I can echo $PYTHONPATH
and get back :/usr/local/python/lib/python2.5
. I decided to check out what the include path looked like from inside:
import sys
print "\n".join(sys.path)
which yields:
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python25.zip
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/plat-darwin
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/plat-mac
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/lib-tk
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload
/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.5/Extras/lib/python/PyObjC
from which /usr/local/python/yadda/yadda
is notably missing.
Not sure what I'm supposed to do here. How do I get python to recognize this location as an include path?
UPDATE
As Sven Marnach suggested, I was neglecting to export PYTHONPATH. I've corrected that problem, and now see it show up when I print out sys.path
from within Python. However, I still got the TEST FAILED
error message I mentioned above, just with my new PYTHONPATH environment variable.
So, I tried changing it from /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5
to /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5/site-packages
, exporting, and running the same easy_install
command again. This leads to an all new result that at first looked like success (but isn't):
Creating /usr/local/python/lib/python2.5/site-packages/site.py
Searching for pil
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/pil/
Reading http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil
Reading http://effbot.org/zone/pil-changes-115.htm
Reading http://effbot.org/downloads/#Imaging
Best match: PIL 1.1.7
Downloading http://effbot.org/media/downloads/PIL-1.1.7.tar.gz
Processing PIL-1.1.7.tar.gz
Running PIL-1.1.7/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /var/folders/XW/XWpClVq7EpSB37BV3zTo+++++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-krj9oR/PIL-1.1.7/egg-dist-tmp--Pyauy
--- using frameworks at /System/Library/Frameworks
[snipped: compiler warnings]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PIL 1.1.7 SETUP SUMMARY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
version 1.1.7
platform darwin 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Sep 1 2010, 22:03:14)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--- TKINTER support available
--- JPEG support available
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available
*** FREETYPE2 support not available
*** LITTLECMS support not available
--------------------------------------------------------------------
To add a missing option, make sure you have the required
library, and set the corresponding ROOT variable in the
setup.py script.
To check the build, run the selftest.py script.
zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
Image: module references __file__
No eggs found in /var/folders/XW/XWpClVq7EpSB37BV3zTo+++++TI/-Tmp-/easy_install-krj9oR/PIL-1.1.7/egg-dist-tmp--Pyauy (setup script problem?)
Again, this looks good, but when I go to run my script:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "checkerboard.py", line 1, in
import Image, ImageDraw ImportError: No module named Image
When I check what's now under /usr/local/python/
using find .
, I get:
./lib ./lib/python2.5
./lib/python2.5/site-packages
./lib/python2.5/site-packages/site.py
./lib/python2.5/site-packages/site.pyc
So... nothing module-looking (I'm assuming site.py and site.pyc are metadata or helper scripts). Where did the install go?
I note this:
To check the build, run the
selftest.py script.
But don't really know what that is.
And I also noticed the "No eggs found" message. Are either of these hints?
发布评论
评论(2)
您在 OS X 中使用 Apple 提供的 Python 2.5;它是一个框架构建,默认情况下使用
/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages
作为安装包的位置,而不是/usr/local
。通常,您不需要在 OS X 框架构建中指定--prefix
。另请注意,Apple 随 OS X 10.5 提供的 setuptools (easy_install
) 也相当旧,Python 本身的版本也是如此。也就是说,在 OS X 尤其是 OS X 10.5 上完整且正确地安装
PIL
并不是特别简单。在档案或其他地方搜索提示和/或二进制包。特别是如果您计划使用 MySQL 或 Django 等其他模块,我的建议是使用像 MacPorts。You are using the Apple-supplied Python 2.5 in OS X; it's a framework build and, by default, uses
/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages
as the location for installed packages, not/usr/local
. Normally you shouldn't need to specify--prefix
with an OS X framework build. Also beware that thesetuptools
(easy_install
) supplied by Apple with OS X 10.5 is also rather old as is the version of Python itself.That said, installing
PIL
completely and correctly on OS X especially OS X 10.5 is not particularly simple. Search the archives or elsewhere for tips and/or binary packages. Particularly if you are planning to use other modules like MySQL or Django, my recommendation is to install everything (Python and PIL) using a package manager like MacPorts.为什么在
easy_install
调用中指定--prefix
?您是否尝试过:如果您只是尝试将 PIL 安装到默认位置,我认为
easy_install
可以找出正确的路径。 (显然,/usr/local/python
不是吗...)编辑:有人否决了这个答案,也许是因为它太简洁了
。我想这就是我尝试通过手机发布答案时得到的结果。但它的要点是完全有效的,恕我直言:如果您使用
--prefix
来使用easy_install
指定自定义安装位置,那么您就在“这样做”错误的'。可能可能可以实现此功能,但easy_install
文档中有一个关于 自定义安装位置,甚至没有提到这种可能性,除了对 虚拟 python 选项。如果您愿意,我建议您按照 OS X 说明想要安装到 Mac 上的自定义位置,--prefix
似乎不是适合该工作的工具。Why did you specify
--prefix
in youreasy_install
invocation? Did you try just:If you're only trying to install PIL to the default location, I would think
easy_install
could work out the correct path. (Clearly,/usr/local/python
isn't it...)EDIT: Someone down-voted this answer, maybe because it was too terse
. That's what I get for trying to post an answer from my cell phone, I guess. But the gist of it is perfectly valid, IMHO: if you're using
--prefix
to specify a custom install location witheasy_install
, you're kind of 'doing it wrong'. It might be possible to make this work, but theeasy_install
documentation has a section on custom installation locations that doesn't even mention this as a possibility, except as a small tweak to the virtual python option. I'd suggest following the OS X instructions if you want to install to a custom location on a Mac,--prefix
just does not seem like the right tool for the job.