LilyPond：从音乐中提取音名

发布于 2024-10-06 14:39:59 字数 1297 浏览 7 评论 0原文

我使用 LilyPond 来创建练习乐谱和练习曲。我已经弄清楚如何允许在 Moveable Do 视唱记谱中输入音符，并有一个模板（见下文）支持将视唱符号显示为音符下方的歌词。目前，我必须从生成音乐的乐谱和标记中手动提取歌词。我已经能够使用一些 python 和 vim 代码（此处未显示）部分自动化此操作，但它仍然有些不令人满意。

在我看来，最好的解决方案是使用 LilyPond 的内置方案解释器在处理文件时提取音调名称。我已经尝试将 map 与 ly:note-pitchname 一起使用，但到目前为止没有成功。可能是因为我了解Scheme，特别是在LilyPond 脚本中使用的squat。

% Moveable Do as lyrics example

% define some solfege pitchnames 
% (in practice, the full set goes into "english.ly")
pitchnames = #`(
    (do . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
    (re . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
    (mi . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
    )

#(ly:parser-set-note-names parser pitchnames)

% compose as though in C major
mynotes =  \relative do' {\key do \major do2 re4( mi4) }

% transpose to desired key
melody = \transpose do mi  { \mynotes }

% I WANT TO AUTOMATICALLY CREATE THE
% THE PITCHNAMES IN THIS BLOCK
% FROM THE CONTENTS OF \mynotes
solfa = \lyricmode { 
    \set ignoreMelismata = ##t  % one syllable per note
    do re mi 
    \unset ignoreMelismata  % allow normal placement of other lyrics
    }

% Produce score with solfege names as lyrics
\score {
    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    }
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "myVoice" \solfa
    >>
    }
\version "2.12.3"

原文

I use LilyPond to create practice scores and etudes. I've figured out how to allow note entry in Moveable Do solfege notation and have a template (see below) that supports displaying the solfege symbols as lyrics beneath the notes. At present, I have to manually extract the lyrics from the notation plus markup that generates the music. I've been able to partially automate this with some python and vim code (not shown here), but it is still somewhat unsatisfactory.

It seems to me that the best solution would be to use LilyPond's built-in Scheme interpreter to extract the pitch names while the file is being processed. I've made some attempts to use map with ly:note-pitchname, but so far no success. Probably because I know squat about Scheme, especially as used in LilyPond scripts.

% Moveable Do as lyrics example

% define some solfege pitchnames 
% (in practice, the full set goes into "english.ly")
pitchnames = #`(
    (do . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
    (re . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
    (mi . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
    )

#(ly:parser-set-note-names parser pitchnames)

% compose as though in C major
mynotes =  \relative do' {\key do \major do2 re4( mi4) }

% transpose to desired key
melody = \transpose do mi  { \mynotes }

% I WANT TO AUTOMATICALLY CREATE THE
% THE PITCHNAMES IN THIS BLOCK
% FROM THE CONTENTS OF \mynotes
solfa = \lyricmode { 
    \set ignoreMelismata = ##t  % one syllable per note
    do re mi 
    \unset ignoreMelismata  % allow normal placement of other lyrics
    }

% Produce score with solfege names as lyrics
\score {
    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    }
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "myVoice" \solfa
    >>
    }
\version "2.12.3"

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伴梦长久 2024-10-13 14:39:59

我在 LilyPond 用户论坛上收到了来自 Valentin Villenave 的有用信息，这些信息导致了以下可行的解决方案：

LilyPond 提供了一个 NoteNames 雕刻机，可以自动打印音调名称，例如。 “cd e”作为音符下方的歌词，但存在一个长期存在的错误，导致音符名称恢复为荷兰语音高名称。 Valentin 的解决方法是创建一个关联数组，并将其用作 lambda 函数中的查找，该函数在每个音高即将打印时被调用。通过替换数组中的条目，可以打印所需的音高名称。

为了使该解决方案完全可行，我还必须添加第二个乐谱块，以将 MIDI 输出生成与乐谱打印分开。这是为了防止 NoteNames 雕刻机产生 MIDI 输出。

我已经使用完整的半音视唱名称集使用更大的文件测试了该解决方案。它运作得很好。唯一剩下的问题是，如果能够调整 NoteNames 输出上的字体属性以使视唱与正常歌词不同，那就太好了。到目前为止我还没能做到这一点。

% Moveable Do as lyrics example

% define solfege pitchnames
pitchnames = #`(
    (do . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
    (re . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
    (mi . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
    )

#(ly:parser-set-note-names parser pitchnames)

% Apparently, LilyPond reverts to dutch names when
% using the NoteNames context. The following 
% workaround was posted by V. Villenave at
% http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2010-10/msg00687.html

newnames =
#`(("c" . "do")
   ("d" . "re")
   ("e" . "mi"))

myNoteNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name newnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )

% compose as though in C major
mynotes =  \relative do' {\key do \major do2 re4( mi4) }

% transpose to desired key
melody = \transpose do mi  { \mynotes }

% Produce score with solfege names as lyrics
\score {
    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNoteNames
    } { \mynotes }

    >>
}
% Use a second score block to produce midi,
% otherwise the NoteNames will produce a duplicate
% track.
\score {
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    } 
      %% This generates the midi file
    \midi {

    }        
}    
\version "2.12.3"

更新：
事实证明，字体属性可以通过标记函数，例如，通过更改

(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)

为

(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text (markup #:italic #:smaller new-name))

可能还有其他方法可以完成相同的事情，但这很简单并且可以满足我的需要。至此，我认为这个问题得到了解答。请注意，LilyPond 的未来版本可能会修复 NoteNames 错误，并消除为此目的使用 Scheme 的需要。

I received useful info from Valentin Villenave on the LilyPond Users Forum that led to the following workable solution:

LilyPond provides a NoteNames engraver that will automatically print pitch names, eg. "c d e" as lyrics beneath the notes, but there is a longstanding bug that causes NoteNames to revert to the Dutch pitch names. Valentin's workaround is to create an associative array and use it as a lookup in a lambda function that gets called as each pitch is about to be printed. By substituting entries from the array, the desired pitch names are printed.

To make the solution completely workable, I also had to add a second score block to separate the midi output generation from the score printing. This is needed to prevent the NoteNames engraver from producing midi output.

I've tested this solution with a much larger file using the complete set of chromatic solfege names. It works very well. The only remaining issue is that it would be nice to be able to adjust font properties on the NoteNames output to make the solfege distinct from normal lyrics. So far I haven't been able to make that happen.

% Moveable Do as lyrics example

% define solfege pitchnames
pitchnames = #`(
    (do . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 0 NATURAL))
    (re . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 1 NATURAL))
    (mi . ,(ly:make-pitch -1 2 NATURAL))
    )

#(ly:parser-set-note-names parser pitchnames)

% Apparently, LilyPond reverts to dutch names when
% using the NoteNames context. The following 
% workaround was posted by V. Villenave at
% http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2010-10/msg00687.html

newnames =
#`(("c" . "do")
   ("d" . "re")
   ("e" . "mi"))

myNoteNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name newnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )

% compose as though in C major
mynotes =  \relative do' {\key do \major do2 re4( mi4) }

% transpose to desired key
melody = \transpose do mi  { \mynotes }

% Produce score with solfege names as lyrics
\score {
    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNoteNames
    } { \mynotes }

    >>
}
% Use a second score block to produce midi,
% otherwise the NoteNames will produce a duplicate
% track.
\score {
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \melody 
    } 
      %% This generates the midi file
    \midi {

    }        
}    
\version "2.12.3"

UPDATE:
It turns out that font properties can be controlled with the markup function, eg, by changing

(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)

(ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text (markup #:italic #:smaller new-name))

There are, probably, other ways to accomplish the same thing but this is simple and does what I need. At this point, I consider this question answered. Note that a future version of LilyPond may fix the NoteNames bug and eliminate the need to use Scheme for this purpose.

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浅暮の光 2024-10-13 14:39:59

答案非常接近我的需要。只是想念如何在我的口琴和小提琴练习中获得高于或低于数字的点。

我重组了这些东西，所以它更像是未来包含的脚本，也用于生成数字、英语而不是 OP do-re-mi：

% LilyBin == template with 馬槽歌 Away in a Manger lilypond ... ===

% LilyBin

\version "2.18.2"

\include "english.ly" 

%% === melody ==============================

mynotesC = 

\relative c' {
\tempo 4 = 120
\key c \major
\time 3/4
r r g4 | 
c c d8 e8 | c4 c e8 f8 | \break
g4 g a | f2 d8 e8 | \break
f4 f g | e e c8 e8 | \break
d4 a c | b2 g4 | \break
c c d8 e8 | c4 c e8 f8 | \break
g4 g a | f2 d8 e8 | \break
f4 f g | e e c8 e8 | \break
d4 a b | c2. | \break }


mymelodyC = \transpose c c  { \mynotesC }

opusDef = ""
opusBug = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌 (Bug)"
opusEng = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌 (English)"
opusNum = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (Number)"
opusNil = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (No generated)"


%% === default header =============================

\header {
  title = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (Default Header)"
  composer = ""
  opus = \opusDef
}




%% still problem 
%% based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4378228/lilypond-extracting-pitch-names-from-music

%% === engnames ======================================

engnames =
#`(
   ("c" . "D")
   ("d" . "D")
   ("e" . "E")
   ("f" . "F")
   ("g" . "G")
   ("a" . "A")
   ("b" . "B")  
  
   ("ces" . "Cb")
   ("des" . "Db")
   ("ees" . "Eb")
   ("fes" . "Fb")
   ("ges" . "Gb")
   ("aes" . "Ab")
   ("bes" . "Bb")  
   
   ("cis" . "C#")
   ("dis" . "D#")
   ("eis" . "E#")
   ("fis" . "F#")
   ("gis" . "G#")
   ("ais" . "A#")
   ("bis" . "B#")  
  )

myEngNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name engnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )
   
%% === numnames =====================================

numnames =
#`(
   ("c" . "1")
   ("d" . "2")
   ("e" . "3")
   ("f" . "4")
   ("g" . "5")
   ("a" . "6")
   ("b" . "7")  
  
   ("ces" . "1b")
   ("des" . "2b")
   ("ees" . "3b")
   ("fes" . "4b")
   ("ges" . "5b")
   ("aes" . "6b")
   ("bes" . "7b")  
   
   ("cis" . "1#")
   ("dis" . "2#")
   ("eis" . "3#")
   ("fis" . "4#")
   ("gis" . "5#")
   ("ais" . "6#")
   ("bis" . "7#")  
  )

myNumNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name numnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )


%% === no generated "lyrics" =================


\score {

   <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    %{
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNumNames
    }{ \mynotesC }
    %}
    >>

  \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }


  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}

  \header {

  opus = \opusNil
}

}


%% === Produce score with buggy non-English names as lyrics ======

\pageBreak

\score {


    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames { \mynotesC }

    >>

\header {
  opus = \opusBug
}


      \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }
  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}
}


%% ===  Produce score with English names as lyrics ============

\pageBreak

\score {


    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myEngNames
    }{ \mynotesC }

    >>
\header {

  opus = \opusEng
}
      \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }
  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}
}

%% === Page with numNames ============================

\pageBreak

\score {

   <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNumNames
    }{ \mynotesC }

    >>

  \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }


  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}

  \header {

  opus = \opusNum
}

}





%% === MIDI ============================================

% Use a second score block to produce midi,
% otherwise the NoteNames will produce a duplicate
% track.

\score {
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    } 
      %% This generates the midi file
    \midi {

    } 
}

The answer helped very close to my need. Just miss how to get some dot above or below the number for my harmonica and violin practise.

I restructed the things so it is more like a future included script and also for generating number, English and not OP do-re-mi:

% LilyBin == template with 馬槽歌 Away in a Manger lilypond ... ===

% LilyBin

\version "2.18.2"

\include "english.ly" 

%% === melody ==============================

mynotesC = 

\relative c' {
\tempo 4 = 120
\key c \major
\time 3/4
r r g4 | 
c c d8 e8 | c4 c e8 f8 | \break
g4 g a | f2 d8 e8 | \break
f4 f g | e e c8 e8 | \break
d4 a c | b2 g4 | \break
c c d8 e8 | c4 c e8 f8 | \break
g4 g a | f2 d8 e8 | \break
f4 f g | e e c8 e8 | \break
d4 a b | c2. | \break }


mymelodyC = \transpose c c  { \mynotesC }

opusDef = ""
opusBug = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌 (Bug)"
opusEng = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌 (English)"
opusNum = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (Number)"
opusNil = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (No generated)"


%% === default header =============================

\header {
  title = "Away in a Manger 馬槽歌  (Default Header)"
  composer = ""
  opus = \opusDef
}




%% still problem 
%% based on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4378228/lilypond-extracting-pitch-names-from-music

%% === engnames ======================================

engnames =
#`(
   ("c" . "D")
   ("d" . "D")
   ("e" . "E")
   ("f" . "F")
   ("g" . "G")
   ("a" . "A")
   ("b" . "B")  
  
   ("ces" . "Cb")
   ("des" . "Db")
   ("ees" . "Eb")
   ("fes" . "Fb")
   ("ges" . "Gb")
   ("aes" . "Ab")
   ("bes" . "Bb")  
   
   ("cis" . "C#")
   ("dis" . "D#")
   ("eis" . "E#")
   ("fis" . "F#")
   ("gis" . "G#")
   ("ais" . "A#")
   ("bis" . "B#")  
  )

myEngNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name engnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )
   
%% === numnames =====================================

numnames =
#`(
   ("c" . "1")
   ("d" . "2")
   ("e" . "3")
   ("f" . "4")
   ("g" . "5")
   ("a" . "6")
   ("b" . "7")  
  
   ("ces" . "1b")
   ("des" . "2b")
   ("ees" . "3b")
   ("fes" . "4b")
   ("ges" . "5b")
   ("aes" . "6b")
   ("bes" . "7b")  
   
   ("cis" . "1#")
   ("dis" . "2#")
   ("eis" . "3#")
   ("fis" . "4#")
   ("gis" . "5#")
   ("ais" . "6#")
   ("bis" . "7#")  
  )

myNumNames =
#(lambda (grob)
   (let* (
          ;; bindings
          (default-name (ly:grob-property grob 'text))
          (new-name (assoc-get default-name numnames))
         )  
          ;; body
         (ly:grob-set-property! grob 'text new-name)
         (ly:text-interface::print grob)
         )
   )


%% === no generated "lyrics" =================


\score {

   <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    %{
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNumNames
    }{ \mynotesC }
    %}
    >>

  \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }


  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}

  \header {

  opus = \opusNil
}

}


%% === Produce score with buggy non-English names as lyrics ======

\pageBreak

\score {


    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames { \mynotesC }

    >>

\header {
  opus = \opusBug
}


      \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }
  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}
}


%% ===  Produce score with English names as lyrics ============

\pageBreak

\score {


    <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myEngNames
    }{ \mynotesC }

    >>
\header {

  opus = \opusEng
}
      \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }
  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}
}

%% === Page with numNames ============================

\pageBreak

\score {

   <<
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    }
    \context NoteNames \with {
       \override NoteName #'stencil = #myNumNames
    }{ \mynotesC }

    >>

  \layout{
  \context {
      \Score
      proportionalNotationDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1/16)
    }


  #(layout-set-staff-size 30)
    indent = #0
    line-width = #180
    ragged-last = ##f} %% ##t}
  %%  \midi{}

  \header {

  opus = \opusNum
}

}





%% === MIDI ============================================

% Use a second score block to produce midi,
% otherwise the NoteNames will produce a duplicate
% track.

\score {
    \new Voice = "myVoice" { 
        \mymelodyC 
    } 
      %% This generates the midi file
    \midi {

    } 
}

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