Prolog 中的 DCG ߞ字符串

发布于 2024-10-06 08:19:12 字数 1097 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我正在使用 Prolog 的内置 DCG 功能编写一个 Lisp 到 C 的翻译器。这就是我处理算术的方式:

expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d + %d", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "-", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d - %d", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "*", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d * %d", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "/", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d / %d", [M, N])}.
expr(E) --> number(E).

number(C) --> "-", digits(X), {C is -X}.
number(C) --> digits(C).
digits(D) --> digit(D);digit(A),digits(B), {number_codes(B,Cs),length(Cs,L), D is A*(10^L)+B}.
digit(D) --> [C], {"0"=<C, C=<"9", D is C - "0"}.

就像现在一样,它不处理嵌套表达式。这是我认为可行的:

expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s + %s", [M, N])}.
expr(E) --> number(N), {swritef(E, "%d", [N])}.

但我得到了这个:

?- expr(E, "42", []).
E = "42" %all OK

?- expr(E, "(+ 3 (* 2 2))", []).
E = "%s + %s" %not OK

我如何让它发挥作用?

I'm writing a Lisp-to-C translator using Prolog's built-in DCG capabilities. This is how I handle arithmetic:

expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d + %d", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "-", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d - %d", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "*", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d * %d", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "/", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%d / %d", [M, N])}.
expr(E) --> number(E).

number(C) --> "-", digits(X), {C is -X}.
number(C) --> digits(C).
digits(D) --> digit(D);digit(A),digits(B), {number_codes(B,Cs),length(Cs,L), D is A*(10^L)+B}.
digit(D) --> [C], {"0"=<C, C=<"9", D is C - "0"}.

As it is now, it doesn't handle nested expressions. Here is what I thought would work:

expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s + %s", [M, N])}.
expr(E) --> number(N), {swritef(E, "%d", [N])}.

But I'm getting this:

?- expr(E, "42", []).
E = "42" %all OK

?- expr(E, "(+ 3 (* 2 2))", []).
E = "%s + %s" %not OK

How do I make it work?

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漫漫岁月 2024-10-13 08:19:12

问题在于 %s 格式说明符需要参数是字符列表。
所以你可以用这样的方法来做到这一点:

:-set_prolog_flag(double_quotes, codes).  % This is for SWI 7+ to revert to the prior interpretation of quoted strings.

expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s + %s", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "-", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s - %s", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "*", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s * %s", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "/", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s / %s", [M, N])}.
expr(N) --> number(N).

lexpr(Z) --> expr(M), {atom_chars(M, Z)}.

number(C) --> "-", digits(X), {C is -X}.
number(C) --> digits(C).

digits(D) --> digit(D);digit(A),digits(B), {number_codes(B,Cs),length(Cs,L), D is A*(10^L)+B}.
digit(D) --> [C], {"0"=<C, C=<"9", D is C - "0"}.

spaces --> " ", spaces.
spaces --> [].

谓词 lexpr 只是将解析的表达式转换为字符列表。

编辑:03/07/2016:从 SWI 版本 7.0 开始,双引号内的文本不再被解释为字符代码列表。
您可以将双引号更改为反引号 (`) 或添加指令 ;

:-set_prolog_flag(double_quotes,codes).

在代码的开头。

The problem is that the %s format specifier needs the argument to be a list of characters.
So you can do it with something like this:

:-set_prolog_flag(double_quotes, codes).  % This is for SWI 7+ to revert to the prior interpretation of quoted strings.

expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s + %s", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "-", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s - %s", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "*", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s * %s", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "/", spaces, lexpr(M), spaces, lexpr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "%s / %s", [M, N])}.
expr(N) --> number(N).

lexpr(Z) --> expr(M), {atom_chars(M, Z)}.

number(C) --> "-", digits(X), {C is -X}.
number(C) --> digits(C).

digits(D) --> digit(D);digit(A),digits(B), {number_codes(B,Cs),length(Cs,L), D is A*(10^L)+B}.
digit(D) --> [C], {"0"=<C, C=<"9", D is C - "0"}.

spaces --> " ", spaces.
spaces --> [].

The predicate lexpr just converts the parsed expression to a list of chars.

Edit: 03/07/2016: As of SWI version 7.0, text enclosed in double quotes are not interpreted as a list of character codes anymore.
You can either change double quotes with back quotes (`) or add a directive ;

:-set_prolog_flag(double_quotes, codes).

at the beginning of the code.

暮年慕年 2024-10-13 08:19:12

在 < 中使用 %t 或 %w,而不是 %d代码>swritef。注意,%d 与 C 的 printf 格式不同。

如果您只是将 lisp-like 翻译成 C-like,那么您实际上不需要转换字符串
数字到数字的表示。只需将其保留为字符串即可。 (当然这取决于
取决于任务的复杂性)。否则,上层规则会在他们期望的字符串中找到一个数字。

将生成的 C 代码放入括号中,以便结果中的优先级和关联性正确。

expr(Z) --> "(", "-", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t - %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "*", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t * %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "/", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t / %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t + %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(E) --> number(N), {swritef(E, "%s", [N])}.

spaces --> " ".

number([C|Cs]) --> "-", {C = "-"}, digits(Cs).
number(C) --> digits(C).

digits([D|[]]) --> digit(D).

digits([D|Ds]) --> digit(D), digits(Ds).
digit(D) --> [D], {code_type(D, digit)}.

这就是它的工作原理。

?- expr(E, "(* 1342 (/ 44 -17))", []).
E = "(1342 * (44 / -17))" ;
false.

Use %t or %w, not %d in your swritef. Note, %d is not what it is in C's printf formats.

If you just translating lisp-like to C-like you don't really need to convert the string
representation of numbers to a number. Just leave it as string. (Of course it dependes
on the complexity of your task). Otherwise the upper level rules foound a number where they expect a string.

Put the resultant C code into parentheses so that the priority and associativity are correct in the result.

expr(Z) --> "(", "-", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t - %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "*", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t * %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "/", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t / %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(Z) --> "(", "+", spaces, expr(M), spaces, expr(N), ")", {swritef(Z, "(%t + %t)", [M, N])}.
expr(E) --> number(N), {swritef(E, "%s", [N])}.

spaces --> " ".

number([C|Cs]) --> "-", {C = "-"}, digits(Cs).
number(C) --> digits(C).

digits([D|[]]) --> digit(D).

digits([D|Ds]) --> digit(D), digits(Ds).
digit(D) --> [D], {code_type(D, digit)}.

and this is how it works.

?- expr(E, "(* 1342 (/ 44 -17))", []).
E = "(1342 * (44 / -17))" ;
false.
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