在 Objective-C 中直接访问嵌套字典值

发布于 2024-10-05 19:33:53 字数 593 浏览 5 评论 0原文

Objective-C 有没有办法直接访问外部数组的内部数组?例如,对外部数据源的调用返回以下对象:

{
bio = "this is the profile.bio data";
"first_name" = John;
"last_name" = Doe;
location =     {
    name = "Any Town, Any State";
};
metadata =    {
    pictures =    {
        picture = "https://picture.mysite.com/picture.jpeg";
    }
}
}

例如,我希望能够访问 location.name 或metadata.pictures.picture 数据。然而,点符号似乎不起作用。例如:

_gfbLocation = [result objectForKey:@"location.name"];
_gfbPicture = [result objectForKey:@"metadata.pictures.picture"];

我能够访问此数据的唯一方法是首先将内部数组的内容设置为对象。想法?

Is there a way to directly access an inner-array of an an outer array in Objective-C? For example, a call to an external data source returns the following object:

{
bio = "this is the profile.bio data";
"first_name" = John;
"last_name" = Doe;
location =     {
    name = "Any Town, Any State";
};
metadata =    {
    pictures =    {
        picture = "https://picture.mysite.com/picture.jpeg";
    }
}
}

I want to be able to access, for example, the location.name or the metadata.pictures.picture data. Dot notation, however, does not seem to work. For example:

_gfbLocation = [result objectForKey:@"location.name"];
_gfbPicture = [result objectForKey:@"metadata.pictures.picture"];

The only way I have been able to access this data is by first setting the contents of the inner arrays to objects. Thoughts?

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旧伤慢歌 2024-10-12 19:36:08
gfbPicture = [[[result objectForKey:@"metadata"] objectForKey:@"pictures"] objectForKey:@"picture"];
gfbPicture = [[[result objectForKey:@"metadata"] objectForKey:@"pictures"] objectForKey:@"picture"];
美人如玉 2024-10-12 19:35:58

使用西蒙·惠特克(Simon Whitaker)的正确答案,我能够通过将字典嵌入字典中的字典来构建常量层次结构。下面是示例源代码,是根据我的真实源代码修改的。

这是一个现实世界的问题解决方案。在我的特定案例中,目标是组织字符串来识别通过 StoreKit 访问的产品,以在 Apple 的 iOS App Store 中进行应用内购买。想象一下,我们的应用程序显示两本书的内容,一本是关于猫的,另一本是关于狗的。此外,我们的应用程序还销售内容的删节版和未删节版。从删节版升级到未删节版,意味着第三个产品,“升级”。每对书都可能被翻译,在本例中是英语和意大利语。

看着我试图跟踪的字符串,您可能会想“为什么那个人不直接使用字符串本身而不是经历这些 KVC 废话呢?”。好吧,注意第二个字符串,English >猫>未删节。该字符串以附加下划线结尾。这是因为当我使用 iTunesConnect 创建应用内购买产品时,我不小心将该项目创建为“消耗品”而不是“非消耗品”。 Apple 不允许更改 ID,即使您删除了该产品。所以原来的字符串不能用;或者,我附加下划线作为解决方法。所以重点是,这些字符串是任意且混乱的。

这种方法的另一个类似需求是,如果这些字符串值可能在编译时偶尔发生变化,因此您不希望将其复制粘贴到源代码中的多个位置。换句话说,常量的层次结构。

在 Xcode 内部,我想要一种更好的方式来引用这些产品标识符。

// Using new literals syntax in later versions of Xcode 4 (& 5) to declare and populate a dictionary nested in a dictionary also in a dictionary.
NSDictionary *productIdentifiersHierarchy = @{
                                              @"en" : @{
                                                      @"cats" : @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_abridged_en",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_unabridged_en_",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_upgrade_en"
                                                              },
                                                      @"dogs" :  @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_abridged_en",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_unabridged_en",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_upgrade_en"
                                                              }
                                                      },
                                              @"it" : @{
                                                      @"cats" : @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_abridged_it",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_unabridged_it",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_upgrade_it"
                                                              },
                                                      @"dogs" :  @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_abridged_it",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_unabridged_it",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_upgrade_it"
                                                              }
                                                      }
                                              };

以下是访问这些三重嵌套字典的方法。

// Use KVC (Key-Value Coding) as a convenient way to access the nested dictionary structure.
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.cats.abridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.cats.unabridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.cats.upgrade"],

NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.dogs.abridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.dogs.unabridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.dogs.upgrade"],

NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.cats.abridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.cats.unabridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.cats.upgrade"],

NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.dogs.abridged"] );
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.dogs.unabridged"] );
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.dogs.upgrade"] );

Using the correct answer by Simon Whitaker, I was able to build a hierarchy of constants by embedding a Dictionary in a Dictionary in a Dictionary. Below is example source code, modified from my real source code.

This is a real-world problem-solution. In my particular case, the goal was organizing the strings that identify products accessed via StoreKit for In-App Purchase in Apple's App Store for iOS. Imagine our app presents content from a pair of books, one on cats, the other dogs. Furthermore, our app sells an abridged version of the content as well as unabridged. Upgrading from the abridged to the unabridged means a third product, "upgrade". Each pair of books might be translated, in this case English and Italian.

Looking at the strings I'm trying to track, you might think "Why doesn't that guy just use the strings themselves rather than going through this KVC nonsense?". Well, notice the 2nd string, English > Cats > Unabridged. The string ends with an appended underscore. That's because when I used iTunesConnect to create the In-App Purchase products, I accidentally created that item as "Consumable" instead of "Non-Consumable". Apple does not allow changing the ID, even if you delete said product. So the original string could not be used; alternatively, I appended the underscore as a workaround. So the point is, these strings are arbitrary and messy.

Another similar need for this approach would by if these string values might occasionally change at compile-time, so you don't want to be copy-pasting into more than one place in your source-code. A hierarchy of constants, in other words.

Inside Xcode, I want a better way of referring to these product identifiers.

// Using new literals syntax in later versions of Xcode 4 (& 5) to declare and populate a dictionary nested in a dictionary also in a dictionary.
NSDictionary *productIdentifiersHierarchy = @{
                                              @"en" : @{
                                                      @"cats" : @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_abridged_en",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_unabridged_en_",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_upgrade_en"
                                                              },
                                                      @"dogs" :  @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_abridged_en",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_unabridged_en",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_upgrade_en"
                                                              }
                                                      },
                                              @"it" : @{
                                                      @"cats" : @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_abridged_it",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_unabridged_it",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.cats_upgrade_it"
                                                              },
                                                      @"dogs" :  @{
                                                              @"abridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_abridged_it",
                                                              @"unabridged" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_unabridged_it",
                                                              @"upgrade" : @"com.example.My_App.dogs_upgrade_it"
                                                              }
                                                      }
                                              };

Here's how to access these triple-nested dictionaries.

// Use KVC (Key-Value Coding) as a convenient way to access the nested dictionary structure.
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.cats.abridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.cats.unabridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.cats.upgrade"],

NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.dogs.abridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.dogs.unabridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"en.dogs.upgrade"],

NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.cats.abridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.cats.unabridged"],
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.cats.upgrade"],

NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.dogs.abridged"] );
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.dogs.unabridged"] );
NSLog( [productIdentifiersHierarchy valueForKeyPath:@"it.dogs.upgrade"] );
橘虞初梦 2024-10-12 19:35:43

对于这样的嵌套键,您可以使用keyPath。 keyPath 只是一系列用点连接的键。您可以使用它们从支持键值编码的对象中检索嵌套值 - 包括像您这样的 NSDictionary 对象。因此,在您的情况下,这应该有效:

[result valueForKeyPath:@"location.name"];

有关键值编码的更多详细信息,请参阅Apple的 键值编码编程指南

另请参阅此相关的 StackOverflow 问题

For nested keys like that you can use a keyPath. A keyPath is just a series of keys joined with dots. You can use them to retrieve nested values from objects that support Key-Value Coding - including NSDictionary objects like yours. So in your case this should work:

[result valueForKeyPath:@"location.name"];

For more detail on Key-Value Coding, see Apple's Key-Value Coding Programming Guide.

See also this related StackOverflow question.

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