谁在启动过程中加载 BIOS 中的代码？
我正在研究Linux的启动过程。我正在浏览这个html页面 http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/ Bootdisk-HOWTO/x88.html。第 3.1 节“引导过程”下的第一行表示“所有 PC 系统都通过执行 ROM（特别是 BIOS）中的代码来启动引导过程”。
我的疑问是
谁在BIOS中加载代码？
BIOS 中的这段代码位于何处？
BIOS中的代码加载到哪里并执行？
请告诉我参考资料，我可以在哪里获得更多信息，
谢谢， Linux彭瑟尔
I am studying the boot process in Linux. I am looking through this html page http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO/x88.html. The first line under the section 3.1 "The boot process" says that "All PC systems start the boot process by executing code in ROM (specifically, the BIOS)".
My doubts are
Who loads the code in BIOS ?
Where is this code in BIOS located ?
To where is the code in BIOS loaded and executed ?
Kindly tell me references where i can get more information
Thanks,
LinuxPenseur
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当计算机开机时，代码已经存在于内存中。它位于非易失性存储器中，这意味着当计算机关闭时它不会消失。
因此代码已经存在于特定的内存地址中，并且处理器通过运行它来启动。
更多信息此处
The code is already there in memory when the computer is powered on. It is in non volatile memory, meaning it doesn't disappear when the computer is turned off.
So the code is already there in a specific memory address, and the processor starts by running it.
More info here
好问题！实际上，您不需要重新格式化硬盘，甚至不需要重新安装操作系统，除非新电脑无法运行硬盘上现有的操作系统。
通常，如果您对 Linux 发行版进行了简单安装，那么将 HDD 移动到新系统并运行它就不会遇到任何问题。但如果操作系统是 Windows 的一个版本，出现这种情况的可能性几乎为零：硬件供应商几乎总是针对 Windows 调整其设备驱动程序，因此您甚至无法在同一台计算机上为两个版本的 Windows 使用相同的驱动程序（升级例如，从 XP 到 Windows 7，通常需要您重新下载至少一些硬件驱动程序）。
即使使用 Linux，如果您安装了任何高性能驱动程序，该问题也经常出现。不过，有时您可以从 GRUB 或 LILO 执行“恢复启动”并进入可以访问互联网的文本模式屏幕。如果您能做到这一点，通常您可以在 Linux HDD 上安装新 PC 的驱动程序，而无需完全重新安装 Linux。
事实上，这实际上就是安装 CD 或 DVD 所做的事情。它启动到非常普通的操作系统（Windows 或 Linux），然后为其检测到的硬件安装驱动程序，重新启动（希望使用功能正常的驱动程序）并结束安装过程。
A good question! Actually you do not need to reformat the HDD or even reinstall the OS on it unless the new PC is unable to run the existing OS on the drive.
Commonly, if you did a simple install of a Linux distribution, you would have no trouble moving the HDD to a new system and just running it. But if the OS is a version of Windows, the chances of this being the case are nearly zero: hardware vendors nearly always tune their device drivers for Windows so you cannot even use the same driver for two versions of Windows on the same machine (upgrading from XP to Windows 7 for example, often requires that you redownload at least a few hardware drivers).
And the problem often arises even with Linux if you have installed any high performance drivers. Sometimes you can perform a "recovery boot" from GRUB or LILO and get into a text mode screen with internet access, though. And if you can do that, often you can install the drivers for the new PC on the Linux HDD without doing a complete reinstall of Linux.
In fact, this is actually what that install CD or DVD is actually doing. It boots to a very vanilla flavor of the OS (Windows or Linux), then installs drivers for the hardware it detects, reboots (hopefully with functioning drivers) and wraps up the install process.