如果字符串连接使用 +是使用 StringBuilder 实现的，那么为什么在串联过程中会创建额外的对象呢？

发布于 2024-10-02 08:31:48 字数 236 浏览 5 评论 0原文

如果以下代码：

String s = "a" + 1 + "b";// 1.

使用 using StringBuilder 实现相当于

String s = new StringBuilder().append("a").append(1).append("b");

那么会在 1 中创建额外的对象“a”和“b”，为什么？

原文

If the following code:

String s = "a" + 1 + "b";// 1.

Is implemented using using StringBuilder equivalent to

String s = new StringBuilder().append("a").append(1).append("b");

then will extra objects "a" and "b" be created in 1 and why?

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多情出卖 2024-10-09 08:31:48

您的示例实际上不会使用 StringBuilder，因为所有元素都不是变量。因为“a”、1 和“b”都是文字，所以编译器将为您生成一个 String！但是，如果您在该 String 连接中包含一个变量，那么它将使用 StringBuilder 并且需要单独的 String 来存储连接的元素。

对于您的示例，编译器将创建单个字符串文字：

const #2 = String       #21;    //  a1b

public void foo();
  Code:
   Stack=1, Locals=2, Args_size=1
   0:   ldc     #2; //String a1b
   2:   astore_1
   3:   return
  LineNumberTable: 
   line 7: 0
   line 8: 3

假设我们改为编写

public void bar(String c)
{
    String s = "a" + c + "b";// 1.
}

现在编译器需要创建一个 StringBuilder，并且它将使用 a 和 b 常量 ASCII 文字以及 StringBuilder。

const #20 = Asciz       a;
const #22 = Asciz       b;

public void bar(java.lang.String);
  Code:
   Stack=2, Locals=3, Args_size=2
   0:   new     #2; //class java/lang/StringBuilder
   3:   dup
   4:   invokespecial   #3; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
   7:   ldc     #4; //String a
   9:   invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava    /lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   12:  aload_1
   13:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   16:  ldc     #6; //String b
   18:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   21:  invokevirtual   #7; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
   24:  astore_2
   25:  return
  LineNumberTable: 
   line 7: 0
   line 8: 25

Your example will not actually use a StringBuilder because none of the elements are variables. Because "a", 1, and "b" are all literals, the compiler will make a single String for you! If, however, you included a variable in that String concatenation, then it would use a StringBuilder and would need separate Strings for the concatenated elements.

For your example the compiler would create a single String literal:

const #2 = String       #21;    //  a1b

public void foo();
  Code:
   Stack=1, Locals=2, Args_size=1
   0:   ldc     #2; //String a1b
   2:   astore_1
   3:   return
  LineNumberTable: 
   line 7: 0
   line 8: 3

Let's say we had instead written

public void bar(String c)
{
    String s = "a" + c + "b";// 1.
}

Now the compiler will need to create a StringBuilder, and it will use the a and b constant ASCII literals with the StringBuilder.

const #20 = Asciz       a;
const #22 = Asciz       b;

public void bar(java.lang.String);
  Code:
   Stack=2, Locals=3, Args_size=2
   0:   new     #2; //class java/lang/StringBuilder
   3:   dup
   4:   invokespecial   #3; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
   7:   ldc     #4; //String a
   9:   invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava    /lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   12:  aload_1
   13:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   16:  ldc     #6; //String b
   18:  invokevirtual   #5; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   21:  invokevirtual   #7; //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
   24:  astore_2
   25:  return
  LineNumberTable: 
   line 7: 0
   line 8: 25

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很糊涂小朋友 2024-10-09 08:31:48

我假设您想知道为什么通常在字符串上使用 StringBuilder 而不是 + 运算符更有效。在您的示例中，差异可以忽略不计，但您必须考虑更大的问题，通常是由循环引起的。

以下面的代码为例：

String s = "";
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
   s = s + "something";
}

不管你是否使用StringBuilder来优化这个+操作，你都会创建一个String对象来存储在s中。因此，每次循环迭代都会创建一个新的 String 对象，从而为您提供大量新创建的对象。

相反，如果您在循环内使用带有 sb.append("something") 的 StringBuilder，则不需要 StringBuilder 来创建每次循环迭代的 String 对象。它可以自由地等待创建一个，直到循环后需要它为止。

I assume you are wondering why it is more efficient in general to use StringBuilder instead of the + operator on Strings. In your example, the difference is negligible, but you have to consider larger problems, usually resulting from looping.

Take for example the following code:

String s = "";
for(int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
   s = s + "something";
}

No matter, if you use a StringBuilder to optimize this + operation or not, you create a String object to store in s. So each loop iteration will create a new String object, giving you a huge number of newly created objects.

In contrast, if you use a StringBuilder with sb.append("something") inside the loop, the StringBuilder is not required to create a String object for each loop iteration. It can freely wait to create one, until it is required after the loop.

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