以编程方式将 Windows 计算机加入 AD 域

发布于 2024-10-02 02:42:55 字数 4229 浏览 6 评论 0原文

这类似于,但不是欺骗,这个问题 - 但是,在它寻求有关手动将服务器加入域的信息(并且被正确重定向)时,我正在寻求一些以编程方式将计算机加入域的代码的帮助。

场景是,我们有一个启动器服务,用于实例化 Amazon EC2 Server2008R1 VM,可以选择通过用户数据流传递计算机名称。我们的映像中包含一个进程,用于在启动时检查用户数据中的名称 - 如果不存在,则虚拟机仍位于我们的云域之外,但如果名称存在,则计算机将按指定重命名并自动加入到域。

问题是 - 如果我在实例启动后随时手动运行此过程,它的工作原理与所描述的完全一样;计算机名称已更改,并且虚拟机已加入域(我们强制重新启动以实现此目的)。

但是,当作为计划任务(在启动时触发)运行时,计算机重命名会按预期发生,但随后对 JoinDomainOrWorkgroup 的调用(见下文)会选择通过以下方式为虚拟机提供的旧随机计算机名称: EC2 而不是刚刚分配的新名称。

这会导致 WMI 返回代码为 8525,我们在 AD 存储库中得到一个已断开连接的错误命名条目(该随机名称),并且计算机未加入域。然后,VM 重新启动,第二次启动过程(异常触发,因为用户数据中有内容,但计算机尚未在域中)执行所有相同的步骤并成功。

看起来机器名称是在第一遍中设置的,但尚未“最终确定”,并且 JoinDomainOrWorkgroup 仍然看到原始名称。在第二遍中,计算机名称已正确设置,因此 JoinDomainOrWorkgroup 按预期工作。我认为问题的症结在于,为什么该进程在启动期间会以这种方式运行,但在已启动的虚拟机上手动运行时却能完美运行。

我尝试在重命名和加入步骤之间插入延迟,以防在重命名在幕后最终确定之前发生对 JoinDomainOrWorkgroup 的调用,但这并没有帮助 - 而且我真的没有帮助期望如此,因为手动运行时整个过程可以完美运行。因此,这可能是启动期间机器状态的细微差异和代码中愚蠢的东西的组合。

也许在 SetDomainMembership 方法中使用 System.Environment.MachineName 是不可取的?但即使我像 SetMachineName 那样将新名称作为字符串传递,它仍然会失败。所以我很困惑。

这是重命名机器的 WMI 代码:

/// <summary>
/// Set Machine Name
/// </summary>
public static bool SetMachineName(string newName)
{
  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Setting Machine Name to '{0}'...", newName));

  // Invoke WMI to populate the machine name
  using (ManagementObject wmiObject = new ManagementObject(new ManagementPath("Win32_ComputerSystem.Name='" + System.Environment.MachineName + "'")))
  {
    ManagementBaseObject inputArgs = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("Rename");
    inputArgs["Name"] = newName;

    // Set the name
    ManagementBaseObject outParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("Rename", inputArgs, null);

    // Weird WMI shennanigans to get a return code (is there no better way to do this??)
    uint ret = (uint)(outParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value);
    if (ret == 0)
    {
      // It worked
      return true;
    }
    else
    {
      // It didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to change Machine Name from '{0}' to '{1}'", System.Environment.MachineName, newName));
      return false;
    }
  }
}

这是将机器加入到域的 WMI 代码:

/// <summary>
/// Set domain membership
/// </summary>
public static bool SetDomainMembership()
{
  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Setting domain membership of '{0}' to '{1}'...", System.Environment.MachineName, _targetDomain));

  // Invoke WMI to join the domain
  using (ManagementObject wmiObject = new ManagementObject(new ManagementPath("Win32_ComputerSystem.Name='" + System.Environment.MachineName + "'")))
  {
    try
    {
      // Obtain in-parameters for the method
      ManagementBaseObject inParams = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup");

      inParams["Name"] = "*****";
      inParams["Password"] = "*****";
      inParams["UserName"] = "*****";
      inParams["FJoinOptions"] = 3; // Magic number: 3 = join to domain and create computer account

      // Execute the method and obtain the return values.
      ManagementBaseObject outParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup", inParams, null);
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup return code: '{0}'", outParams["ReturnValue"]));

      // Did it work?  ** disabled so we restart later even if it fails
      //uint ret = (uint)(outParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value);
      //if (ret != 0)
      //{
      //  // Nope
      //  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup failed with return code: '{0}'", outParams["ReturnValue"]));
      //  return false;
      //}

      return true;
    }
    catch (ManagementException e)
    {
      // It didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to join domain '{0}'", _targetDomain), e);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

如果这段代码看起来愚蠢得令人发指,我深表歉意 - 我是 WMI 新手,这很大程度上是从我找到的示例中抄袭的互联网;如果有更聪明/更简洁的方法来做到这一点,那么一定要演示一下。如果能同时解决问题,加分!

This is similar to, but not a dupe of, this question - however, where it sought information on manually joining a server to a domain (and was rightly redirected) I am looking for help with some code that programmatically joins a machine to a domain.

The scenario is that we have a launcher service that instantiates Amazon EC2 Server2008R1 VMs, optionally passing a Machine Name in through the User-Data stream. A process is baked into our images that checks User-Data for a name on bootup - If none is present then the VM remains outside of our Cloud domain, but if the name is present then the machine is renamed as specified and auto-joined to the domain.

Here's the problem - if I run this process manually any time after instance start, it works exactly as described; the machine name is changed, and the VM is joined to the domain (we force a restart to make this happen).

However, when running as a Scheduled Task (triggered on startup) the machine rename happens as expected, but the subsequent call to JoinDomainOrWorkgroup (see below) picks-up the old randomised machine name given to the VM by EC2 instead of the new name it has just been assigned.

This results in a WMI return code of 8525, we get a disconnected misnamed entry in the AD repository (of that randomised name) and the machine is not joined to the domain. The VM then restarts, and a second pass through the startup process (abnormally triggered because there is content in User-Data but the machine is not yet in the domain) executes all the same steps and succeeds.

It looks like the machine name is set in the first pass but not 'finalised', and JoinDomainOrWorkgroup still sees the original name. On the second pass, the machine name is already set properly, and so JoinDomainOrWorkgroup works as expected. Quite why the process behaves this way during startup, but works perfectly when run manually on an already-started VM, is I think the nub of the problem.

I've tried inserting a delay between the rename and join steps in case the call to JoinDomainOrWorkgroup was happening before the rename was finalised behind the scenes, but this hasn't helped - and I didn't really expect it to, since the whole process works perfectly when run manually. So it's probably a combination of a subtle difference in machine state during bootup and something silly in the code.

Maybe using System.Environment.MachineName in the SetDomainMembership method is inadvisable? But it stil fails even if I pass the new name in as a string as I do for SetMachineName. So I'm stumped.

Here's the WMI code that renames the machine:

/// <summary>
/// Set Machine Name
/// </summary>
public static bool SetMachineName(string newName)
{
  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Setting Machine Name to '{0}'...", newName));

  // Invoke WMI to populate the machine name
  using (ManagementObject wmiObject = new ManagementObject(new ManagementPath("Win32_ComputerSystem.Name='" + System.Environment.MachineName + "'")))
  {
    ManagementBaseObject inputArgs = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("Rename");
    inputArgs["Name"] = newName;

    // Set the name
    ManagementBaseObject outParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("Rename", inputArgs, null);

    // Weird WMI shennanigans to get a return code (is there no better way to do this??)
    uint ret = (uint)(outParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value);
    if (ret == 0)
    {
      // It worked
      return true;
    }
    else
    {
      // It didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to change Machine Name from '{0}' to '{1}'", System.Environment.MachineName, newName));
      return false;
    }
  }
}

And here's the WMI code that joins it to the domain:

/// <summary>
/// Set domain membership
/// </summary>
public static bool SetDomainMembership()
{
  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Setting domain membership of '{0}' to '{1}'...", System.Environment.MachineName, _targetDomain));

  // Invoke WMI to join the domain
  using (ManagementObject wmiObject = new ManagementObject(new ManagementPath("Win32_ComputerSystem.Name='" + System.Environment.MachineName + "'")))
  {
    try
    {
      // Obtain in-parameters for the method
      ManagementBaseObject inParams = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup");

      inParams["Name"] = "*****";
      inParams["Password"] = "*****";
      inParams["UserName"] = "*****";
      inParams["FJoinOptions"] = 3; // Magic number: 3 = join to domain and create computer account

      // Execute the method and obtain the return values.
      ManagementBaseObject outParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup", inParams, null);
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup return code: '{0}'", outParams["ReturnValue"]));

      // Did it work?  ** disabled so we restart later even if it fails
      //uint ret = (uint)(outParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value);
      //if (ret != 0)
      //{
      //  // Nope
      //  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup failed with return code: '{0}'", outParams["ReturnValue"]));
      //  return false;
      //}

      return true;
    }
    catch (ManagementException e)
    {
      // It didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to join domain '{0}'", _targetDomain), e);
      return false;
    }
  }
}

Apologies if this code looks mind-numbingly stupid - I'm new to WMI, and this is largely cribbed from examples I've found on the interwebs; if there's a smarter/neater way to do this then by all means demonstrate. If you can cure the problem at the same time, bonus points!

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评论(2

红ご颜醉 2024-10-09 02:42:55

好的,就在这里。

首先,系统属性中字段的顺序有点误导 - 您首先看到计算机名称,然后是域/工作组。这潜意识地影响了我的思维,意味着我的代码通过尝试先设置名称,然后将计算机加入域来复制该顺序。虽然这在某些情况下确实有效,但它并不一致或不可靠。所以这里学到的最大的教训是......

先加入域 - 然后更改
机器名称。

是的,这实际上就是全部内容。经过多次测试迭代后,我终于意识到,如果我这样尝试的话,效果可能会更好。我在第一次更改名称时遇到了麻烦,但很快意识到它仍在使用本地系统凭据 - 但现在计算机此时已加入域,它需要与所使用的相同的域凭据加入域本身。经过快速的代码调整,我们现在有了一个始终可靠的 WMI 例程,可以加入域,然后更改名称。

它可能不是最简洁的实现(请随意评论改进),但它确实有效。享受。

/// <summary>
/// Join domain and set Machine Name
/// </summary>
public static bool JoinAndSetName(string newName)
{
  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Joining domain and changing Machine Name from '{0}' to '{1}'...", Environment.MachineName, newName));

  // Get WMI object for this machine
  using (ManagementObject wmiObject = new ManagementObject(new ManagementPath("Win32_ComputerSystem.Name='" + Environment.MachineName + "'")))
  {
    try
    {
      // Obtain in-parameters for the method
      ManagementBaseObject inParams = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup");
      inParams["Name"] = "domain_name";
      inParams["Password"] = "domain_account_password";
      inParams["UserName"] = "domain_account";
      inParams["FJoinOptions"] = 3; // Magic number: 3 = join to domain and create computer account

      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Joining machine to domain under name '{0}'...", inParams["Name"]));

      // Execute the method and obtain the return values.
      ManagementBaseObject joinParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup", inParams, null);

      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup return code: '{0}'", joinParams["ReturnValue"]));

      // Did it work?
      if ((uint)(joinParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value) != 0)
      {
        // Join to domain didn't work
        _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup failed with return code: '{0}'", joinParams["ReturnValue"]));
        return false;
      }
    }
    catch (ManagementException e)
    {
      // Join to domain didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to join domain '{0}'", _targetDomain), e);
      return false;
    }

    // Join to domain worked - now change name
    ManagementBaseObject inputArgs = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("Rename");
    inputArgs["Name"] = newName;
    inputArgs["Password"] = "domain_account_password";
    inputArgs["UserName"] = "domain_account";

    // Set the name
    ManagementBaseObject nameParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("Rename", inputArgs, null);
    _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Machine Rename return code: '{0}'", nameParams["ReturnValue"]));

    if ((uint)(nameParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value) != 0)
    {
      // Name change didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to change Machine Name from '{0}' to '{1}'", Environment.MachineName, newName));
      return false;
    }

    // All ok
    return true;
  }
}

OK, here it is.

Firstly, the order of the fields in System Properties is a little misleading - you see Machine Name first, and Domain/Workgroup below that. This subconsciously affected my thinking, and meant my code copied that ordering by trying to set the name first, and then join the machine to the domain. Whilst this does work under some circumstances, it's not consistent or reliable. So the biggest lesson learned here is...

Join the domain first - then change
the machine name.

Yep, that's actually all there is to it. After numerous test iterations, it finally dawned on me that it might work better if I tried it this way around. I tripped-up on the change of name on my first pass, but quickly realised that it was still using the local system credentials - but now that the machine was joined to the domain at this point, it needed the same domain credentials as were used to join the domain itself. A fast bit of code-tweaking later, and we now have a consistently-reliable WMI routine that joins the domain and then changes the name.

It might not be the neatest implementation (feel free to comment on improvements) but it works. Enjoy.

/// <summary>
/// Join domain and set Machine Name
/// </summary>
public static bool JoinAndSetName(string newName)
{
  _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Joining domain and changing Machine Name from '{0}' to '{1}'...", Environment.MachineName, newName));

  // Get WMI object for this machine
  using (ManagementObject wmiObject = new ManagementObject(new ManagementPath("Win32_ComputerSystem.Name='" + Environment.MachineName + "'")))
  {
    try
    {
      // Obtain in-parameters for the method
      ManagementBaseObject inParams = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup");
      inParams["Name"] = "domain_name";
      inParams["Password"] = "domain_account_password";
      inParams["UserName"] = "domain_account";
      inParams["FJoinOptions"] = 3; // Magic number: 3 = join to domain and create computer account

      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Joining machine to domain under name '{0}'...", inParams["Name"]));

      // Execute the method and obtain the return values.
      ManagementBaseObject joinParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup", inParams, null);

      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup return code: '{0}'", joinParams["ReturnValue"]));

      // Did it work?
      if ((uint)(joinParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value) != 0)
      {
        // Join to domain didn't work
        _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("JoinDomainOrWorkgroup failed with return code: '{0}'", joinParams["ReturnValue"]));
        return false;
      }
    }
    catch (ManagementException e)
    {
      // Join to domain didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to join domain '{0}'", _targetDomain), e);
      return false;
    }

    // Join to domain worked - now change name
    ManagementBaseObject inputArgs = wmiObject.GetMethodParameters("Rename");
    inputArgs["Name"] = newName;
    inputArgs["Password"] = "domain_account_password";
    inputArgs["UserName"] = "domain_account";

    // Set the name
    ManagementBaseObject nameParams = wmiObject.InvokeMethod("Rename", inputArgs, null);
    _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Debug, string.Format("Machine Rename return code: '{0}'", nameParams["ReturnValue"]));

    if ((uint)(nameParams.Properties["ReturnValue"].Value) != 0)
    {
      // Name change didn't work
      _lh.Log(LogHandler.LogType.Fatal, string.Format("Unable to change Machine Name from '{0}' to '{1}'", Environment.MachineName, newName));
      return false;
    }

    // All ok
    return true;
  }
}
放手` 2024-10-09 02:42:55

好吧,这么多年了,如果有人需要的话,更新一下。

WMI 不再包含 JoinDomain,仅包含工作组(WIN 10,Build 1909)。您可以在此处使用 netapi32.dll

更多信息:

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/lmjoin/nf-lmjoin-netjoindomain

一个简单的例子:

 public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    [DllImport("netapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    static extern uint NetJoinDomain(
          string lpServer,
  string lpDomain,
  string lpAccountOU,
  string lpAccount,
  string lpPassword,
      JoinOptions NameType);

    [Flags]
    enum JoinOptions
    {
        NETSETUP_JOIN_DOMAIN = 0x00000001,
        NETSETUP_ACCT_CREATE = 0x00000002,
        NETSETUP_ACCT_DELETE = 0x00000004,
        NETSETUP_WIN9X_UPGRADE = 0x00000010,
        NETSETUP_DOMAIN_JOIN_IF_JOINED = 0x00000020,
        NETSETUP_JOIN_UNSECURE = 0x00000040,
        NETSETUP_MACHINE_PWD_PASSED = 0x00000080,
        NETSETUP_DEFER_SPN_SET = 0x10000000
    }

    public static uint domainjoin(string server, string domain, string OU, string account, string password)
    {
        try
        {
            uint value1 = NetJoinDomain(server, domain, OU, account, password, (JoinOptions.NETSETUP_JOIN_DOMAIN | JoinOptions.NETSETUP_DOMAIN_JOIN_IF_JOINED | JoinOptions.NETSETUP_ACCT_CREATE));
            return value1;
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
            return 11;
        }
    }


    private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {

        var succes = domainjoin(null, "mydomain.local", null, "administrator", "UltraSecretPasword");
        MessageBox.Show(succes.ToString());

    }
}

Ok little update after all these years if somebody would need it.

WMI does not contain JoinDomain anymore only workgroup (WIN 10, Build 1909). You can use netapi32.dll

More info here:

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/lmjoin/nf-lmjoin-netjoindomain

Little fast example:

 public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    [DllImport("netapi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    static extern uint NetJoinDomain(
          string lpServer,
  string lpDomain,
  string lpAccountOU,
  string lpAccount,
  string lpPassword,
      JoinOptions NameType);

    [Flags]
    enum JoinOptions
    {
        NETSETUP_JOIN_DOMAIN = 0x00000001,
        NETSETUP_ACCT_CREATE = 0x00000002,
        NETSETUP_ACCT_DELETE = 0x00000004,
        NETSETUP_WIN9X_UPGRADE = 0x00000010,
        NETSETUP_DOMAIN_JOIN_IF_JOINED = 0x00000020,
        NETSETUP_JOIN_UNSECURE = 0x00000040,
        NETSETUP_MACHINE_PWD_PASSED = 0x00000080,
        NETSETUP_DEFER_SPN_SET = 0x10000000
    }

    public static uint domainjoin(string server, string domain, string OU, string account, string password)
    {
        try
        {
            uint value1 = NetJoinDomain(server, domain, OU, account, password, (JoinOptions.NETSETUP_JOIN_DOMAIN | JoinOptions.NETSETUP_DOMAIN_JOIN_IF_JOINED | JoinOptions.NETSETUP_ACCT_CREATE));
            return value1;
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
            return 11;
        }
    }


    private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {

        var succes = domainjoin(null, "mydomain.local", null, "administrator", "UltraSecretPasword");
        MessageBox.Show(succes.ToString());

    }
}
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