3D游戏特效，火、雷、水、冰
我正在使用 OpenGL 开发 3D 游戏，并希望将其带向幻想方向。具体来说，我正在考虑使用具有火、水、冰和闪电效果的魔法。我的问题是我不知道如何创建这些效果。有没有关于如何学习此类内容的资源？
I'm working on a 3d game using OpenGL and would like to take it in a fantasy direction. Specifically I'm thinking of having magic with effects for fire, water, ice, and lightning. My problem is I have no idea how to create these effects. Are there any resources for me on how to learn something like this?
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Xavier：
我总是直接访问 GPU 供应商的开发网站。他们将设置完整的开发环境，并拥有数百个随时可用的代码示例。
例如，查看 GPU Gems 的 NVIDIA 开发网站：有几篇关于水效果的文章。
http://developer.nvidia.com/object/gpu_gems_home.html
核心引擎做在这些物理模拟效果方面做得非常出色，除非您真的想成为一名特效艺术家，否则我建议您选择一个可以实现效果的引擎，因为您知道它们会按照当时最知名的方法来实现，并且他们有不断改进的商业动机。
事实上，GPU 现在拥有如此强大的计算能力，可以实现这些复杂的物理效果，这造成了另一个进入壁垒：您需要并且想要了解 NVIDIA GPU、AMD GPU 和 Intel GPU 等的详细信息。是一份全职工作，如果您的重点是使用这些效果，那么您可能会偏离轨道。
不过，话虽如此，如果您真的对这些特效的工作原理感兴趣，我建议您加入 Blender 社区 ( http:// /www.blender.org ）。那里有一些非常好的人，社区随时准备提供帮助。另一个有价值的资源是 Bullet 物理引擎 ( http://bulletphysicals.org/wordpress/ )。它是第三大最受欢迎的游戏物理引擎，仅次于 Havok 和 PhysX，这两个引擎都是大型商业项目。
Xavier:
I always go directly to the GPU vendor development sites. They will have complete development environments set up and have literally hundreds of ready to go code samples.
For example, take a look at the NVIDIA dev site for GPU Gems: there are several articles on water effects.
http://developer.nvidia.com/object/gpu_gems_home.html
The core engines do an amazing job at these physical simulation effects and unless you really want to become a special effects artist, I would suggest to pick an engine that does the effects as you know that they will do it to the best-known-methods at that time and they have a commercial incentive to keep improving on it.
The fact that the GPU now has so much compute power that it can do these complex physical effects creates another barrier to entry: you need to know and want to know the details of NVIDIA's GPUs, and AMD's GPUs, and Intel's GPUs, etc. That is a full time job and if your focus is on using these effects then you might get side tracked.
However, having said that, if you are really interested in how these special effects work, I suggest you join the Blender community ( http://www.blender.org ). There are some really good people there and the community is ready to help. Another valuable resource is the Bullet physics engine ( http://bulletphysics.org/wordpress/ ). It is the third most popular physics engine for games behind Havok and PhysX which are both big commercial projects.
您应该寻找粒子系统。有一些可以嵌入到您的应用程序中，或者如果您觉得自己对此类事情足够强大，您可以开发自己的应用程序。
它们很容易实现，您可以在 gamedev.net 或 gamasutra.com 上找到很多示例
You should look for a Particle System. There are some ready to be embedded inside your application or you can develop your own if you feel enough strong with this kinds of things.
They are quite easy to implement thou, you can find many examples on gamedev.net or gamasutra.com
我强烈建议阅读 NeHe OpenGL 教程 (http://nehe.gamedev.net/)。对于 OpenGL 初学者来说这是必须的。
I strongly recommend reading NeHe tutorials for OpenGL (http://nehe.gamedev.net/). It's a must for an OpenGL beginner.
查看点精灵。
Check out point sprites.