使用 JSON.NET 将 JSON 反序列化为可观察字典 [C#]

Question

我尝试将 JSON 字符串反序列化为可观察字典。如果我使用 .NET 中的普通通用字典，效果很好，但如果我尝试使用我自己的可观察字典，则会出现异常：

字典中不存在给定的键。

StackTrace：

at System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary2.get_Item(TKey key) 在 ObservableDictionary.MyObservableDictionary2.set_Item(TKey key, TValue value) 在 C:\Users\Jan\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\PokecMessanger-好版本 - Copy\ObservableDictionary\MyObservableDictionary.cs:line 163 在 Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities.DictionaryWrapper`2.System.Collections.IDictionary.set_Item(对象键，对象值) 在 d:\Development\Releases\Json\Working\Src\Newtonsoft.Json\Utilities\DictionaryWrapper.cs:line 353

Observable 字典类：

public class MyObservableDictionary<TKey, TValue> :
    IDictionary<TKey, TValue>,
    INotifyCollectionChanged,
    INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    private readonly IDictionary<TKey, TValue> _dictionary = new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>();

    #region Implementation of INotifyCollectionChanged

    public event NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler CollectionChanged;

    #endregion

    #region Implementation of INotifyPropertyChanged

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

    #endregion

    #region Implementation of IEnumerable

    public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> GetEnumerator()
    {
        return _dictionary.GetEnumerator();
    }

    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
    {
        return GetEnumerator();
    }

    #endregion

    #region Implementation of ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>>

    public void Add(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
    {
        _dictionary.Add(item);
        if (CollectionChanged != null)
            CollectionChanged(this, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add));
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Keys"));
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Values"));
        }

    }

    public void Clear()
    {
        int keysCount = _dictionary.Keys.Count;

        _dictionary.Clear();

        if (keysCount == 0) return;

        if (CollectionChanged != null)
        {
            CollectionChanged(this, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
        }

        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Keys"));
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Values"));
        }
    }

    public bool Contains(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
    {
        return _dictionary.Contains(item);
    }

    public void CopyTo(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] array, int arrayIndex)
    {
        _dictionary.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
    }

    public bool Remove(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> item)
    {
        bool remove = _dictionary.Remove(item);

        if (!remove) return false;

        if (CollectionChanged != null)
            CollectionChanged(this, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove));
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Keys"));
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Value"));
        }
        return true;
    }

    public int Count
    {
        get { return _dictionary.Count; }
    }

    public bool IsReadOnly
    {
        get { return _dictionary.IsReadOnly; }
    }

    #endregion

    #region Implementation of IDictionary<TKey,TValue>

    public bool ContainsKey(TKey key)
    {
        return _dictionary.ContainsKey(key);
    }

    public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        _dictionary.Add(key, value);

        if (CollectionChanged != null)
            CollectionChanged(this, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add));
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Keys"));
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Values"));
        }
    }

    public bool Remove(TKey key)
    {
        bool remove = _dictionary.Remove(key);

        if (!remove) return false;

        if (CollectionChanged != null)
            CollectionChanged(this, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove));
        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Keys"));
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Values"));
        }
        return true;
    }

    public bool TryGetValue(TKey key, out TValue value)
    {
        return _dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out value);
    }

    public TValue this[TKey key]
    {
        get { return _dictionary[key]; }
        set
        {
            bool changed = _dictionary[key].Equals(value);

            if (!changed) return;
            _dictionary[key] = value;

            if (CollectionChanged != null)
                CollectionChanged(this, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace));

            if (PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Keys"));
                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Values"));
            }
        }
    }

    public ICollection<TKey> Keys
    {
        get { return _dictionary.Keys; }
    }

    public ICollection<TValue> Values
    {
        get { return _dictionary.Values; }
    }

    #endregion
}

JSON 字符串如下所示：

{
  "pepina888": {
    "idUser": 3338870,
    "nick": "pepina888",
    "sefNick": "pepina888",
    "status": 1,
    "photo": "http:\/\/213.215.107.127\/fotky\/333\/88\/s_3338870.jpg?v=9",
    "sex": 2,
    "isFriend": 1
  },
  "yayushka": {
    "idUser": 5281019,
    "nick": "YAYUSHKA",
    "sefNick": "yayushka",
    "status": 1,
    "photo": "http:\/\/213.215.107.125\/fotky\/528\/10\/s_5281019.jpg?v=4",
    "sex": 2,
    "isFriend": 1
  },
  "miska20258": {
    "idUser": 11112713,
    "nick": "miska20258",
    "sefNick": "miska20258",
    "status": 1,
    "photo": "http:\/\/213.215.107.125\/fotky\/1111\/27\/s_11112713.jpg?v=6",
    "sex": 2,
    "isFriend": 1
  },
  ... snip snip ...
}

问题代码：

MyObservableDictionary<string, FriendData> friends = new MyObservableDictionary<string, FriendData>();
//problem is here
friends = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MyObservableDictionary<string, FriendData>>(jsonString.ToString());

Friend 类如下所示：

public class FriendData
{
    public string idUser { get; set; }
    public string nick { get; set; }
    public string sefNick { get; set; }
    public string status { get; set; }
    public string photo { get; set; }
    public string sex { get; set; }
    public string isFriend { get; set; }
    public BitmapImage profilePhoto { get; set; }
    public ImageSource imageSource { get; set; }
    public string blockQuote { get; set; }

    public FriendData(string idUser, string nick, string sefNick, string status, string photo, string sex, string isFriend)
    {
        this.idUser = idUser;
        this.nick = nick;
        this.sefNick = sefNick;
        this.status = status;
        this.photo = photo;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.isFriend = isFriend;
    }
}

请提前，我不知道会出现什么问题。谢谢。在反序列化时我使用 JSON.NET。

致乔恩·斯基特： 我试试这个

public TValue this[TKey key]
{
    get
    {
        if(TryGetValue(key))
            return _dictionary[key];
    }

    set
    {
        bool changed = _dictionary[key].Equals(value);
        if (!changed) return; 

        _dictionary[key] = value;

        if (CollectionChanged != null)
            CollectionChanged(this, new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace));

        if (PropertyChanged != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Keys"));
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Values"));
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

问题不在于 JSON，而在于你的字典。看看这段代码：

public TValue this[TKey key]
{
    get { return _dictionary[key]; }
    set
    {
        bool changed = _dictionary[key].Equals(value);
        ...
    }
}

你期望如何在字典中设置一个值？如果给定的键不在字典中，“get”索引器将抛出异常。

您需要使用 TryGetValue 代替，并且仅当密钥实际上首先存在时才检查相等性。

值得注意的是，在尝试在 JSON 反序列化上下文中使用字典类型之前，您应该能够通过对字典类型进行单元测试来发现这个问题。

编辑：异常发生在 setter 中，因为您总是尝试访问底层字典的 getter。你需要它是这样的：

set
{
    TValue existingValue;
    if (_dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out existingValue))
    {
        // We already have a value for this key. Check whether it's the same.
        if (object.Equals(value, existingValue))
        {
            return;
        }
    }
    // Do the rest of your logic here.
}