当您必须将 std::string 作为 char* 传递时, std::string 是否比 char* 更好?

发布于 2024-09-30 05:14:41 字数 796 浏览 7 评论 0原文

最近的问题,我了解到在某些情况下您只需传递 char* 而不是 std::string。我真的很喜欢 string,对于只需要传递不可变字符串的情况,使用 .c_str() 效果很好。在我看来,利用字符串类的易于操作性是个好主意。然而,对于需要输入的函数,我最终会做这样的事情:

std::string str;
char* cstr = new char[500]; // I figure dynamic allocation is a good idea just
getstr(cstr);               // in case I want the user to input the limit or
str = cstr;                 // something. Not sure if it matters.
delete[] cstr;
printw(str.c_str());

显然,这并不是那么简单。现在,我对 C++ 还很陌生,所以我不能真正只见树木。在这样的情况下,每个输入都必须转换为 C 字符串,然后再转换回来,才能利用 string 的有用方法,那么是否是一个更好的主意?习惯 C 风格的字符串操作吗?这种不断地来回转换是不是太愚蠢了?

In a recent question, I learned that there are situations where you just gotta pass a char* instead of a std::string. I really like string, and for situations where I just need to pass an immutable string, it works fine to use .c_str(). The way I see it, it's a good idea to take advantage of the string class for its ease of manipulation. However, for functions that require an input, I end up doing something like this:

std::string str;
char* cstr = new char[500]; // I figure dynamic allocation is a good idea just
getstr(cstr);               // in case I want the user to input the limit or
str = cstr;                 // something. Not sure if it matters.
delete[] cstr;
printw(str.c_str());

Obviously, this isn't so, uh, straightforward. Now, I'm pretty new to C++ so I can't really see the forest for the trees. In a situation like this, where every input is going to have to get converted to a C string and back to take advantage of string's helpful methods, is it just a better idea to man up and get used to C-style string manipulation? Is this kind of constant back-and-forth conversion too stupid to deal with?

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挖鼻大婶 2024-10-07 05:14:41

在您给出的示例中,您通常可以使用 std::getline 函数将一行读入 std::string 中: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/getline/

当然,这并不能完成诅咒库的所有工作做。如果您需要一个非常量 char* 以便某些 C 函数可以读取它,则可以使用 vector。您可以从 string 创建一个 vector,反之亦然:

std::string       a("hello, world");
std::vector<char> b(a.begin(), a.end());

// if we want a string consisting of every byte in the vector
std::string       c(b.begin(), b.end());

// if we want a string only up to a NUL terminator in the vector
b.push_back(0);
std::string       d(&b[0]);

因此您的示例变为:

std::vector<char> cstr(500);
getnstr(&cstr[0], 500);
printw(&cstr[0]);

In the example you give, you can generally read a line into a std::string using the std::getline function: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/getline/

Of course this doesn't do everything that a curses library does. If you need a non-const char* so that some C function can read into it, you can use a vector<char>. You can create a vector<char> from a string, and vice-versa:

std::string       a("hello, world");
std::vector<char> b(a.begin(), a.end());

// if we want a string consisting of every byte in the vector
std::string       c(b.begin(), b.end());

// if we want a string only up to a NUL terminator in the vector
b.push_back(0);
std::string       d(&b[0]);

So your example becomes:

std::vector<char> cstr(500);
getnstr(&cstr[0], 500);
printw(&cstr[0]);
极度宠爱 2024-10-07 05:14:41

大多数 std::string::c_str() 实现(如果不是全部)只是返回一个指向内部缓冲区的指针。没有任何开销。

但请注意,c_str() 返回一个 const char*,而不是 char*。并且该指针在函数调用后将失效。因此,如果函数执行诸如写回传递的字符串或复制指针之类的操作,则不能使用它。

Most std::string::c_str() implementations (if not all of them) simply return a pointer to an internal buffer. No overhead whatsoever.

Beware however that c_str() returns a const char*, not a char*. And that the pointer will become invalid after the function call. So you cannot use it if the function does anything like writing back into the passed string or makes a copy of the pointer.

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