我被要求研究在中学阶段向 18-30 岁年龄段的初学者（没有编程技能）教授游戏开发模块。该课程将持续大约 8-10 个月，每个学生每周可能有 3 个小时的教学时间。
我最初的想法是建议使用 Flash，因为学生无需具备编程知识就可以制作一个简单但功能齐全的游戏。虽然预算很紧张，但我认为明智的做法是考虑一些替代方案，以防预算不够充分。
我知道有 FOSS flash 构建器应用程序，例如 AJAX动画师，但从未使用过它们，我担心它们无法处理变量等，即使在简单的水平上，也无法处理分数、生命等。
有没有人对一些好的替代方案或不同的方法有任何想法？学生必须在课程结束时开发某种可玩的游戏。
I have been asked to research teaching a module in game development to beginners (no programming skills) of the age group 18-30, at a secondary school level. The course will run for roughly 8-10 months and each student would probably get 3 hours of teaching time per week.
My initial thoughts were to propose using Flash, since the student could make a simple but functioning game with little knowledge of programming. The budget is tight though, and I thought it wise to look into some alternatives in case the budget doesn't stretch far enough.
I know there are FOSS flash builder applications out there such as AJAX Animator but having never used them I am worried that they won't be able to deal with variables and such, even at a simple level, to handle scores, lives etc.
Does anyone have any thoughts on some good alternatives or different approaches? Students must develop some kind of playable game by the end of the course.
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我是一名小学（小学/中学）老师 - 所以我们所做的事情非常基本，但这是我们所玩过的：
听起来是一门有趣的课程！我希望一切顺利。我可能会好好看看适合这个年龄段的 GameSalad - 特别是因为 iPod Touch / iPhone 目前非常流行/令人兴奋。
I'm a primary (elementary / middle school) school teacher - so the things we've done are pretty basic, but here's what we've played with:
Sounds like a fun course to teach! I hope it goes well. I'd probably have a good look at GameSalad for that age group - particularly since the iPod Touch / iPhone is pretty trendy / exciting at the moment.
不幸的是，他们几乎肯定必须至少掌握有关变量（等）和简单编程逻辑的极其基本的知识，否则您最多能做的就是让他们与屏幕上的某些内容毫无意义地交互。
我个人会建议使用 Flash；你看过他们的教育许可吗？我不知道它是什么，但它应该比商业/常规用途的 Flash 许可便宜得多。
当你使用 HTML/Javascript 之类的替代方案时，你真的开始遇到更多的复杂性，因为你必须担心服务器、浏览器、HTML、CSS、Javascript 等，而不是能够绘制/导入到画布并编写最少的逻辑支持它。
Unfortunately they will almost assuredly have to develop at least an extremely basic knowledge of variables (etc) and simple programming logic, or else the most you can do is let them interact senselessly with something on screen.
I personally would have suggested Flash; have you looked at their education licensing? I don't know what it is off the top of my head, but it ought to be significantly less expensive than licensing Flash for commercial/regular use.
When you get into alternatives like using HTML/Javascript you really start running into more complication, as you have to worry about servers, browsers, HTML, CSS, Javascript, etc, versus being able to draw/import to a canvas and write minimal logic to support it.
您可以使用开源 Flex SDK 免费构建 Flex。 Flex 是使用 MXML 和 ActionScript 3 构建的，这与 Flash 中编程所用的语言相同。您可以使用 Flex 来制作 Flash 应用程序。在我看来，Flex 比 Flash 更适合教授编程，因为您不必处理电影或关键帧或任何其他内容。您还可以将 Flex SDK 与 Adobe Air 混合使用来构建简单的桌面游戏。
Aptana Studio 是一个基于 Eclipse 的免费编辑器，支持 Flex 和 Adobe AIR 开发。
这些都不会花费你一毛钱。
You can build Flex for free using the open source Flex SDK. Flex is build with MXML and ActionScript 3, the same language used to program in Flash. You can use Flex to make flash apps. Flex is much better suited for teaching programming than Flash in my opinion because you don't have to deal with movies or key frames or any of that. You can also mix Flex SDK with Adobe Air to build simple desktop games.
Aptana Studio is a free Eclipse based editor which supports both Flex and Adobe AIR development.
None of this will cost you a dime.
你可以看看爱丽丝，http://www.alice.org/
You could look into alice, http://www.alice.org/
Unity 是一个非常糟糕的游戏制作程序。
它可以在很多平台上制作游戏，但需要一些编码经验。
http://unity3d.com/
Unity is a pretty sick program for making games.
It can make games on alot of platforms, but needs some coding experience.
http://unity3d.com/
我在儿童计算机编程俱乐部中使用游戏制作器。我有从三年级到九年级的孩子参加。
Gamemaker 的优点在于，有足够的内置预编程模块/事件等，无需任何编程即可构建简单的游戏。有一个图形界面，可以使用图形表示的片段来构建逻辑。当然有必须学习的逻辑和流程，但大多数情况下您只需要基本的计算机技能即可开始。
我正在和捷克共和国的孩子们一起做这件事，他们只有基本的英语知识，这使得这有点困难，但他们正在了解并学习一些英语。
对于感兴趣的年龄较大的孩子来说，在这个开发环境中也有机会进行编码，因为对于那些想要创建更复杂游戏的人来说，有一个相当丰富的编码环境。还有许多由用户创建的可用 dll，并且还有一个基本的 3D 框架，尽管它是有限的。
我不是一个职业程序员……只是一个业余爱好者……只是为了正确地看待这一点。
Gamemaker 有一个免费的精简版，它可以让您做很多事情，包括创建 .exe 文件以在大多数 Windows 机器上玩游戏。有些高级功能在精简版中不可用......在他们的网站上描述得很好。
I'm using gamemaker in a computer programming club for kids. I've got kids from 3rd grade to 9th grade attending.
What is nice about gamemaker is that there are enough built in pre-programmed modules/events etc to be able to build simple games without any programming at all. There is a graphical interface and logic can be built using graphically represented pieces. There is certainly logic and process that has to be learned but mostly you need just basic computer skills to start.
I'm doing this with kids in Czech Republic who only have a rudimentary knowledge of english which makes it a bit tougher but they are getting it and learning some english to boot.
For the older kids that are interested there is the opportunity within this development environment to also do coding as there is a fairly rich coding environment available to those that want to create much more complex games. There are also lots of dlls available created by users and there is a basic 3d framework as well although it is limited.
I'm not a programmer by trade .. just a hobbyist ... just to put this in perspective.
There is a free lite version of gamemaker which will allow you to do a lot including creation of .exe files to play the games on most windows machines. There are advanced features that are not available in the lite version ... it's described pretty well on their website.
我强烈推荐 Scratch，特别是对于非当前程序员。很多例子，视觉的而不是语法导向的，游戏是主要目标。还有一个基于 Scratch 的 Android 应用构建器。
I'd strongly recommend Scratch, especially for non-current-programmers. Lots of examples, visual and not syntax-oriented, and games are a primary target. There's also an app builder for Android based on Scratch.
当我年轻的时候，我用 RPG Toolkit 制作了一些游戏。
它主要适用于在基于网格的世界中运行的俯视 2D 角色扮演游戏，类似于许多旧的 NES 或 Gameboy 游戏。看完《最终幻想 1》到《最终幻想 6》，你就明白了。
这不是制作游戏的最漂亮的方式，但我发现这是最简单的方式之一。它比许多丰富的应用程序平台（如 Flash 或 Silverlight）更有意义，并且它缺乏 Alice 中的 3 维复杂性。由于计算机屏幕是二维的，因此不仅很容易理解您正在绘制的内容，而且还很容易理解如何操作它。在三维空间中，您有时会认为两个物体并排放置，却发现它们的 z 参数相距数英里。
更重要的是，它有一个非常强大的脚本语言来添加您自己的功能。这可以让你从战斗屏幕（如最终幻想）转到主地图上的战斗（如塞尔达）。它还允许您编写“保存点”、“物品商店”等代码。
该工具包的最新版本甚至允许创建简单的多人游戏。
它不会教给他们太多东西，所以我不会花 8 个月的时间专注于它，但它可以给别人一些一般概念。主要是大多数现代游戏并不是完全用代码构建的，而是通过编码开发者平台来创建世界和编写脚本。这就是 Unreal Engine 和 Havok 引擎的工作原理。我认为这也是内啡肽引擎的工作原理。请注意，这些引擎是 数百个 游戏（好吧 - 最后一个链接是一个延伸。NaturalMotion 不包括在自己的网站上使用其引擎的游戏列表）
When I was younger I made a few games with RPG Toolkit.
It's primarily intended for over-head 2-D role-playing games that work on a grid-based world, akin to many older NES or Gameboy games. Final Fantasy 1 through 6 and you've got the idea.
It isn't the prettiest way to make a game, but I found it was one of the easiest. It makes much more sense than many rich application platforms like Flash or Silverlight, and it lacks the complexity of 3 dimensions that you find in Alice. Since a computer screen is two-dimensional it's very easy to understand not just what you're drawing, but how to manipulate it. In three dimensions you sometimes think two objects are side by side and find that their z-parameter is miles off.
More importantly, it has a very powerful scripting language for adding your own features. This lets you go from a battle screen (like Final Fantasy) to fighting on the main map (like Zelda). It also allows you to code "save points", "item shops", etc.
The newest version of the toolkit even allows for creating simple multiplayer games.
It won't teach them too much, so I wouldn't spend all 8 months focusing on it, but it can give someone a few general concepts. Mainly that most modern games aren't built entirely in code, but rather a developer platform is coded which allows you to create worlds and write scripts. This is how the Unreal Engine and Havok engine work. I think it's also how the Endorphin engine works. Mind you these engines were the geniuses behind hundreds of games (Ok- the last link was a stretch. NaturalMotion doesn't include a list of games using their engine on their own site)
根据结果的质量，我会推荐不同的解决方案。
我怀疑大多数人能否在你所说的紧张的时间范围和预算内学习编程+学习制作游戏，但如果我们降低期望“某事”应该是可能的。
首先，我认为如果竞争的话，团体学得更快。其次，解决方案的源代码应该向课程中的其他人开放。
我在 14-15 岁的时候就学会了编程。我们和我的一个朋友一起，每人编写了一小段代码，然后展示了我们的想法，另一个人从中学习。
后来我们和更多的朋友组成了一个“小组”，开始制作小游戏并竞赛，看谁能想出最好的主意并制作一个有几个关卡的小游戏。我们从当时喜欢的每款游戏（Commodore 64）中获得灵感，并尝试用 BASIC 构建类似的东西。
这是一个挑战，因为我们没有老师，没有技能，没有互联网，只有友谊和吹嘘我们如何做了一些很酷的事情 - 然后向朋友展示我们的代码，这样他们也可以学习这一点。
游戏类型的想法
PAC-MAN 游戏（在迷宫中收集东西，避开怪物）需要一些地图或碰撞逻辑才能工作
平台游戏（横向跑，跳跃，鸭子，射击）需要基于图块的平台，这些必须正确编码才能工作
射击游戏（穿过屏幕的物体、击中点）需要鼠标输入、一些碰撞检测
简单的冒险（多个场景、拾取/使用的物体的库存、具有状态的物体）需要 2D 查看器、一点点击操作
3D FPS，需要真正的 3D 引擎 (Unity3D 或类似的框架将使这成为可能，但对于新手程序员来说影响深远） - 也许现有游戏（例如 Quake 或更好的游戏）的地图/关卡可能会更有趣
回合制游戏（玩家先行动，然后人工智能或其他玩家行动的简单游戏）对框架/硬件的要求较少，因为延迟不会损害游戏本身。 HTML/Javascript 非常有可能。
建议：
我会选择一些用 HTML5 制作的简单游戏以及它的可能性。如果您需要矢量，您可以使用 Canvas 对象。你有用于交互/移动的Javascript。您可以使用声音来实现效果，但最好的部分是，如果需要，可以使用记事本编写它，并且课程中的每个人都可以从彼此的编码中学习。
如果您想设计一个简单的冒险，HTML 本身就可以完成大部分任务。有时，在互联网/维基上找到我的路就像迷宫游戏:-)
但也许您可能需要一些额外的库存部分（书签）（如果没有服务器端，您可能需要某种预制对象） ）所以该课程更多的是关于设计游戏和使用框架，而不是学习用 Javascript 编程。
如果我的想法是学习游戏设计，而不是编码，那么我会选择简单的编辑器，例如 Gamemaker 8 它使用图形编辑器来生成循环和事件。对于新设计师来说非常容易+能够制作基于图块的游戏。
同样，根据目标和时间/精力，选择正确的任务类型，并据此选择适当的工具/框架。
Depending on the quality of the result, I would recommend different solutions.
I doubt that most people can learn programming + learn do make a game within the tight timeframe and budget you say, but if we lower the expectations "something" should be possible.
First of all, I think groups learn faster if competing. Secondly source code of a solution should be open to others on the course.
I learned to program back when I was 14-15 years old. Together with a friend of mine, we wrote a little piece of code each, then demonstrated our idea and the other one learned from it.
Later on we formed a "small group" with more friends, and started to build small games and compete to see who could come up with the best idea and build a small game with a few levels. We got inspiration from every game we liked at that time (Commodore 64) and tried to build something similar with BASIC.
It was a challenge as we had no teachers, no skills, internet, just friendship and bragging about how we did something cool - and then showing our code to the friends, so they could learn this too.
Ideas for game types
PAC-MAN games (collect things in a maze, avoid monsters) needs some map or collision logic to work
Platform games (run sideways, jump, duck, shoot) needs a tile-based platform, these has to be coded right to work
Shooters (things crossing the screen, points for hitting) needs a mouse input, some collision detection
Simple adventure (multiple scenes, inventory with object you pickup/use, objects with state) needs a 2D viewer, a little click action
3D FPS, needs a real 3D engine (Unity3D or similar frameworks will make this possible, but far reach for newbie programmers) - perhaps a map/level for an existing game such as Quake or better might be more fun to make.
Turn-based (simple games where player makes a move, then AI or other player) requires less from the framework/hardware as delay does not hurt the game itself. Very possible with HTML/Javascript.
Advise:
I would go for some simple game made with HTML5 and whats possible with that. You have Canvas object if you need vector. You have Javascript for interaction/movement. You have sound for effect, but the best part is that it can be written using NOTEPAD if needed and EVERYONE on the course can learn from each others' coding.
If you want to design a simple adventure, HTML could do much of the trick itself. Just finding my way around the internet/wikis is like a maze game sometimes :-)
But perhaps you might need a little extra for the inventory part (bookmarks) (if no server-side, you might need some sort of pre-made objects) so the course is more about designing a game and using a framework, than learning to program in Javascript.
If the idea is to learn game-design, more than coding, then I would go for simple editors like Gamemaker 8 which uses a graphical editor to produce loops and events. Very easy for new designers + able to do tile-based games.
Again, depending on ambitions and time/effort, go for the right type of assignment and choose the appropriate tool/framework based on that.
Silverlight 始终存在，并且 Microsoft 还提供了 Visual Studio 的免费版本，称为 Visual Studio Express。
Silverlight 是 Microsoft 对富 Internet 应用程序的诠释，它与 Flash 应用程序属于同一类应用程序。
There is always Silverlight, and Microsoft makes a free version of Visual Studio called Visual Studio Express.
Silverlight is Microsoft's take on Rich Internet Applications, which is the same class of applications as Flash applications.
我学习了（并且还帮助教授了一个大学新生班）使用 VPython： http://vpython.org/ ..它使用起来非常简单，但也非常强大。
I learned (and also helped teach a class of college Freshmen) using VPython: http://vpython.org/ ... it's very simple to use, yet also pretty powerful.
我儿子在 7 或 8 岁的时候学会了 Squeak。Squeak
是一个 Smalltalk 环境，上面有一个图形编程层（称为 eToys）。 eToys 的目标用户是学龄儿童，但它的乐趣和丰富性足以让成人初学者也能享受。
《Squeak》中标准的第一个程序是让孩子建造一辆沿着赛道行驶的赛车，并与其他孩子制作的赛车进行比赛。没有变数！
它是免费且开源的。有一个庞大的教师社区支持它。
首页有一个演示 http://www.squeakland.org/ 以及应用程序展示由孩子们（有时还有他们的老师）在 http://www.squeakland.org/showcase/ 上构建精选/
My son learned Squeak when he was 7 or 8.
Squeak is a smalltalk environment with a graphical programming layer - called eToys - layered on top. eToys is aimed at grade school-aged kids but is fun and rich enough for adult beginners to enjoy too.
The canonical first program in Squeak has the child building a racing car that follows a race track and races cars made by other kids. No variables!
It's free and open source. There is a large community of teachers that support it.
There is a demo on the front page at http://www.squeakland.org/ and a showcase of apps built by kids (and, sometimes, their teachers) at http://www.squeakland.org/showcase/featured/
仅供参考，Adobe 正在向学生和教师免费赠送 Flash Builder 4 Standard 副本：http://www.adobe.com/devnet-archive/flex/free/?sdid=GXVTO&PID=1225267
虽然 FB4 中没有时间线开发，所以不会'就像使用 Flash CS5 或 Flash Catalyst CS5 一样简单。
just an FYI, Adobe is giving away free copies of Flash Builder 4 Standard to students and teachers: http://www.adobe.com/devnet-archive/flex/free/?sdid=GXVTO&PID=1225267
although there's no timeline development in FB4, so it wouldn't be as easy as using Flash CS5 or Flash Catalyst CS5.