如何提取MySQL字符串中的第n个单词并统计单词出现次数?

发布于 2024-09-29 06:04:46 字数 189 浏览 4 评论 0 原文

我想要一个像这样的mysql查询:

select <second word in text> word, count(*) from table group by word;

mysql中的所有正则表达式示例都用于查询文本是否与表达式匹配,但不是从表达式中提取文本。有这样的语法吗?

I would like to have a mysql query like this:

select <second word in text> word, count(*) from table group by word;

All the regex examples in mysql are used to query if the text matches the expression, but not to extract text out of an expression. Is there such a syntax?

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评论(9

终遇你 2024-10-06 06:04:46

以下是针对OP的特定问题(提取字符串的第二个单词)的建议解决方案,但应该注意的是,正如mc0e的答案所述,实际上不支持提取正则表达式匹配-MySQL 中的盒子。如果你确实需要这个,那么你的选择基本上是 1) 在客户端的后处理中进行,或者 2) 安装 MySQL 扩展来支持它。


BenWells 的说法几乎是正确的。根据他的代码,这里有一个稍微调整的版本:

SUBSTRING(
  sentence,
  LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' '),
  LOCATE(' ', sentence,
  ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1 ) - ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' ') )
)

作为一个工作示例,我使用:

SELECT SUBSTRING(
  sentence,
  LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' '),
  LOCATE(' ', sentence,
  ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1 ) - ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' ') )
) as string
FROM (SELECT 'THIS IS A TEST' AS sentence) temp

这成功地提取了单词 IS

The following is a proposed solution for the OP's specific problem (extracting the 2nd word of a string), but it should be noted that, as mc0e's answer states, actually extracting regex matches is not supported out-of-the-box in MySQL. If you really need this, then your choices are basically to 1) do it in post-processing on the client, or 2) install a MySQL extension to support it.


BenWells has it very almost correct. Working from his code, here's a slightly adjusted version:

SUBSTRING(
  sentence,
  LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' '),
  LOCATE(' ', sentence,
  ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1 ) - ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' ') )
)

As a working example, I used:

SELECT SUBSTRING(
  sentence,
  LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' '),
  LOCATE(' ', sentence,
  ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1 ) - ( LOCATE(' ', sentence) + CHAR_LENGTH(' ') )
) as string
FROM (SELECT 'THIS IS A TEST' AS sentence) temp

This successfully extracts the word IS

素衣风尘叹 2024-10-06 06:04:46

用于提取句子中第二个单词的较短选项:

SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX('THIS IS A TEST', ' ',  2), ' ', -1) as FoundText

SUBSTRING_INDEX 的 MySQL 文档< /a>

Shorter option to extract the second word in a sentence:

SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX('THIS IS A TEST', ' ',  2), ' ', -1) as FoundText

MySQL docs for SUBSTRING_INDEX

满意归宿 2024-10-06 06:04:46

根据 http://dev.mysql.com/ SUBSTRING 函数使用起始位置,然后使用长度,因此第二个单词的函数肯定是:

SUBSTRING(sentence,LOCATE(' ',sentence),(LOCATE(' ',LOCATE(' ',sentence))-LOCATE(' ',sentence)))

According to http://dev.mysql.com/ the SUBSTRING function uses start position then the length so surely the function for the second word would be:

SUBSTRING(sentence,LOCATE(' ',sentence),(LOCATE(' ',LOCATE(' ',sentence))-LOCATE(' ',sentence)))
在巴黎塔顶看东京樱花 2024-10-06 06:04:46

不,没有使用正则表达式提取文本的语法。您必须使用普通的字符串操作函数

或者,从数据库中选择整个值(如果您担心数据传输过多,则选择前 n 个字符),然后在客户端上使用正则表达式。

No, there isn't a syntax for extracting text using regular expressions. You have to use the ordinary string manipulation functions.

Alternatively select the entire value from the database (or the first n characters if you are worried about too much data transfer) and then use a regular expression on the client.

傾城如夢未必闌珊 2024-10-06 06:04:46

正如其他人所说,mysql不提供用于提取子字符串的正则表达式工具。这并不是说如果您准备使用用户定义的函数扩展 mysql,您就不能拥有它们:

https: //github.com/mysqludf/lib_mysqludf_preg

如果您想分发软件,这可能没有多大帮助,因为它会成为安装软件的障碍,但对于内部解决方案来说,这可能是合适的。

As others have said, mysql does not provide regex tools for extracting sub-strings. That's not to say you can't have them though if you're prepared to extend mysql with user-defined functions:

https://github.com/mysqludf/lib_mysqludf_preg

That may not be much help if you want to distribute your software, being an impediment to installing your software, but for an in-house solution it may be appropriate.

╭ゆ眷念 2024-10-06 06:04:46

我使用 Brendan Bullen 的答案作为我遇到的类似问题的起点,该问题是检索 JSON 字符串中特定字段的值。然而,就像我对他的回答的评论一样,它并不完全准确。如果您的左边界不仅仅是像原始问题中那样的空间,那么差异就会增加。

更正的解决方案:

SUBSTRING(
    sentence,
    LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1,
    LOCATE(' ', sentence, (LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1)) - LOCATE(' ', sentence) - 1
)

两个差异是 SUBSTRING 索引参数中的 +1 和长度参数中的 -1。

对于“查找两个提供的边界之间字符串的第一次出现”的更通用的解决方案:

SUBSTRING(
    haystack,
    LOCATE('<leftBoundary>', haystack) + CHAR_LENGTH('<leftBoundary>'),
    LOCATE(
        '<rightBoundary>',
        haystack,
        LOCATE('<leftBoundary>', haystack) + CHAR_LENGTH('<leftBoundary>')
    )
    - (LOCATE('<leftBoundary>', haystack) + CHAR_LENGTH('<leftBoundary>'))
)

I used Brendan Bullen's answer as a starting point for a similar issue I had which was to retrive the value of a specific field in a JSON string. However, like I commented on his answer, it is not entirely accurate. If your left boundary isn't just a space like in the original question, then the discrepancy increases.

Corrected solution:

SUBSTRING(
    sentence,
    LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1,
    LOCATE(' ', sentence, (LOCATE(' ', sentence) + 1)) - LOCATE(' ', sentence) - 1
)

The two differences are the +1 in the SUBSTRING index parameter and the -1 in the length parameter.

For a more general solution to "find the first occurence of a string between two provided boundaries":

SUBSTRING(
    haystack,
    LOCATE('<leftBoundary>', haystack) + CHAR_LENGTH('<leftBoundary>'),
    LOCATE(
        '<rightBoundary>',
        haystack,
        LOCATE('<leftBoundary>', haystack) + CHAR_LENGTH('<leftBoundary>')
    )
    - (LOCATE('<leftBoundary>', haystack) + CHAR_LENGTH('<leftBoundary>'))
)
千纸鹤 2024-10-06 06:04:46

我认为这样的事情是不可能的。您可以使用SUBSTRING函数来提取您想要的部分。

I don't think such a thing is possible. You can use SUBSTRING function to extract the part you want.

通知家属抬走 2024-10-06 06:04:46

我的自制的正则表达式替换函数可以用于此目的。

演示

请参阅此 DB-Fiddle 演示,其中返回著名十四行诗中的第二个单词(“I”)及其出现次数 (1)。

SQL

假设使用 MySQL 8 或更高版本(以允许使用 公用表表达式),以下将返回第二个单词及其出现次数:

WITH cte AS (
     SELECT digits.idx,
            SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(words, '~', digits.idx + 1), '~', -1) word
     FROM
     (SELECT reg_replace(UPPER(txt),
                         '[^''’a-zA-Z-]+',
                         '~',
                         TRUE,
                         1,
                         0) AS words
      FROM tbl) delimited
     INNER JOIN
     (SELECT @row := @row + 1 as idx FROM 
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t1,
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t2, 
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t3, 
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t4, 
      (SELECT @row := -1) t5) digits
     ON LENGTH(REPLACE(words, '~' , '')) <= LENGTH(words) - digits.idx)
SELECT c.word,
       subq.occurrences
FROM cte c
LEFT JOIN (
  SELECT word,
         COUNT(*) AS occurrences
  FROM cte
  GROUP BY word
) subq
ON c.word = subq.word
WHERE idx = 1; /* idx is zero-based so 1 here gets the second word */

解释

上面的 SQL 中使用了一些技巧和一些认证是需要的。首先,正则表达式替换器用于替换所有连续的非单词字符块 - 每个块都被单个 tilda (~) 字符替换。 注意:如果文本中可能出现波浪号,则可以选择不同的字符。

来自 这个答案中的巧妙技术相结合,用于生成一个由一系列递增数字组成的表格:0 - 10,000案件。

My home-grown regular expression replace function can be used for this.

Demo

See this DB-Fiddle demo, which returns the second word ("I") from a famous sonnet and the number of occurrences of it (1).

SQL

Assuming MySQL 8 or later is being used (to allow use of a Common Table Expression), the following will return the second word and the number of occurrences of it:

WITH cte AS (
     SELECT digits.idx,
            SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(words, '~', digits.idx + 1), '~', -1) word
     FROM
     (SELECT reg_replace(UPPER(txt),
                         '[^''’a-zA-Z-]+',
                         '~',
                         TRUE,
                         1,
                         0) AS words
      FROM tbl) delimited
     INNER JOIN
     (SELECT @row := @row + 1 as idx FROM 
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t1,
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t2, 
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t3, 
      (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t4, 
      (SELECT @row := -1) t5) digits
     ON LENGTH(REPLACE(words, '~' , '')) <= LENGTH(words) - digits.idx)
SELECT c.word,
       subq.occurrences
FROM cte c
LEFT JOIN (
  SELECT word,
         COUNT(*) AS occurrences
  FROM cte
  GROUP BY word
) subq
ON c.word = subq.word
WHERE idx = 1; /* idx is zero-based so 1 here gets the second word */

Explanation

A few tricks are used in the SQL above and some accreditation is needed. Firstly the regular expression replacer is used to replace all continuous blocks of non-word characters - each being replaced by a single tilda (~) character. Note: A different character could be chosen instead if there is any possibility of a tilda appearing in the text.

The technique from this answer is then used for transforming a string with delimited values into separate row values. It's combined with the clever technique from this answer for generating a table consisting of a sequence of incrementing numbers: 0 - 10,000 in this case.

云柯 2024-10-06 06:04:46

该字段的值为:

 "- DE-HEB 20% - DTopTen 1.2%"
SELECT ....
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(DesctosAplicados, 'DE-HEB ',  -1), '-', 1) DE-HEB ,
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(DesctosAplicados, 'DTopTen ',  -1), '-', 1) DTopTen ,

FROM TABLA 

结果为:

  DE-HEB       DTopTEn
    20%          1.2%

The field's value is:

 "- DE-HEB 20% - DTopTen 1.2%"
SELECT ....
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(DesctosAplicados, 'DE-HEB ',  -1), '-', 1) DE-HEB ,
SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(DesctosAplicados, 'DTopTen ',  -1), '-', 1) DTopTen ,

FROM TABLA 

Result is:

  DE-HEB       DTopTEn
    20%          1.2%
~没有更多了~
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