是“charlist”吗？样式通配符是 SQL-92 标准的一部分吗？
SQL 通配符“%”和“_”已有详细记录并广为人知。然而，正如 w3schools 所解释的，还有“charlist”样式的通配符用于匹配其中的单个字符或在给定范围之外，例如要查找所有名为 Carl 的人，但不查找名为 Earl 的人：
select * from Person where FirstName like '[A-D]arl'
... 或查找相反的人，请使用：
select * from Person where FirstName like '[!A-D]arl'
或 （大概取决于 RDBMS）：
select * from Person where FirstName like '[^A-D]arl'
这种类型的通配符是SQL-92 标准，哪些数据库真正支持它？例如：
- Oracle 11g 不支持
- SQL Server 2005 支持，否定运算符为“^”（不是“!”）
The SQL wildcards "%" and "_" are well documented and widely known. However as w3schools explains, there are also "charlist" style wildcards for matching a single character within or outside a given range, for example to find all the people called Carl but not those called Earl:
select * from Person where FirstName like '[A-D]arl'
... or to find the opposite, use either:
select * from Person where FirstName like '[!A-D]arl'
or (depending on the RDBMS, presumably):
select * from Person where FirstName like '[^A-D]arl'
Is this type of wildcard part of the SQL-92 standard, and what databases actually support it? For example:
- Oracle 11g doesn't support it
- SQL Server 2005 supports it, with the negation operator being "^" (not "!")
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SQL-99 标准有一个
SIMILAR TO谓词，它使用“charlist”样式以及“%”和“_”通配符。不过，SQL-92 标准中没有类似的内容（没有双关语）。
The SQL-99 Standard has a
SIMILAR TOpredicate which uses "charlist" style as well as the "%" and "_" wildcard characters.Nothing similar (no pun intended) in the SQL-92 Standard, though.
“charlist”运算符看起来像正则表达式，或者它们的有限子集。 AFAIK SQL-92 中没有指定正则表达式语法，尽管许多数据库支持正则表达式，并且它们支持的方式各不相同。例如，Oracle 具有进行正则表达式比较和替换的函数。不知道别人是怎么做到的。
分享并享受。
The "charlist" operators look like regular expressions, or a limited subset of them. AFAIK there's no regular expression syntax specified in SQL-92 although many databases support regex's, and HOW they support it varies. Oracle, for example, has functions to do regular expression comparisons and substitutions. Don't know how others do it.
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