如何在运行时发出并执行 Java 字节码?
我正在用 Java 为特定于领域的语言编写一个解释器,并具有一些脚本功能。我已经实现了一个解析器,现在需要做一个后端。为此,我正在考虑编写自己的解释器(使用抽象语法树或一些自定义字节码)或目标 JVM(在运行时发出并执行 Java 字节码)。
在这方面有更多经验的人能否说一下针对 JVM 的方法有多可行以及您建议使用哪些库来生成 Java 字节码?
I am writing an interpreter in Java for a domain-specific language with some scripting capabilities. I have already implemented a parser and now need to do a back end. To this end I am considering either to write my own interpreter (either working with abstract syntax trees or with some custom bytecodes) or target JVM (emit and execute Java bytecode at runtime).
Could someone with more experience in this area say how feasible is the approach of targeting JVM and what libraries would you recommend to use for emitting Java bytecode?
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这是一个使用 ObjectWeb ASM (我推荐的库)制作的工作“hello world”:
生成代码,我发现非常有用的 Bytecode Outline for Eclipse 插件。尽管您可以像这样使用 ASMifier(包含在 ASM 中):
在运行时,如果您需要获取创建的类的
Class
对象,您可以通过扩展类加载器并发布 (通过另一种方法(例如)defineClass
方法并将类作为字节数组提供,如示例中所列。您还可以使用接口处理创建的类,如本示例所示:
玩得开心。
PS:如果代码不够清晰,我可以添加注释。我没有,因为答案已经太长了。尽管如此,我对你的建议是尝试调试它。
Here is a working "hello world" made with ObjectWeb ASM (a library which I recommend):
To generate the code, I found very useful Bytecode Outline for Eclipse plug-in. Although you could use the ASMifier (included with ASM) like this:
At runtime, if you need to obtain the
Class
object for the created class, you can load your class by extending a class loader and publishing (through another method, for instance) thedefineClass
method and providing the class as a byte array, as listed in the example.You can also handle the created class with an interface, like in this example:
Have fun.
PS: I can add comments to the code if not clear enough. I didn't because the answer is already too long. Nevertheless, my suggestion for you is to try debugging it.
我建议您看一下这些库:
I can suggest that you take a look at these libraries:
从不同的角度我问你是否考虑过使用XText。它旨在使您能够创建 DSL、具有代码完成功能的代码编辑器、编译器、代码生成器等。我认为它真的很酷,并且有一个很好的文档。值得一看。您可以基于它轻松地为您的 DSL 创建编译器。
From a different perspective I ask if you considered to use XText. This is designed to enable you to create DSL, code editor with code completion, compiler, code generator and so on. I think it is real cool and have a nice documentation. Worth to take a look at it. You can create a compiler easily based on it for your DSL.