mySQL 选择 y 范围内 x 公里/英里内的邮政编码
注意:虽然我使用包含荷兰邮政编码的邮政编码数据库,但这个问题与国家/地区无关。
我有一个数据库,其中包含荷兰的每个邮政编码及其 x 和 y 坐标(纬度/经度)。
例如,我的邮政编码: $baseZipCode = 1044;
具有以下坐标:
x coordinate = 4,808855
y coordinate = 52,406332
现在,我想从 $baseZipCode$range
的所有其他邮政编码代码>.
例如:
SELECT
zipcode
FROM
zipcodes
WHERE
????? // Need help here
问题是地球并不完全是圆的。我找到了很多关于从 a 到 b 计算的教程,但这不是我需要的。
有人知道吗?
更新 感谢 Captaintokyo 我发现了这个:
想要查找距另一个邮政编码或点一定英里/公里半径内的所有邮政编码和相应距离吗?这个问题需要经纬度坐标来解决。对地址进行地理编码可提供地址的纬度/经度坐标。
首先,您需要一个包含所有邮政编码及其相应的纬度和经度坐标的数据库:
CREATE TABLE `zipcodes` (
`zipcode` varchar(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`city` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`state` char(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`latitude` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`longitude` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
KEY `zipcode` (`zipcode`),
KEY `state` (`state`)
)
因此,一旦您拥有了数据库,您就希望找到以中心点为中心的特定英里半径内的所有邮政编码。如果中心点是另一个邮政编码,只需在数据库中查询该邮政编码的纬度和经度坐标即可。那么代码如下:
// ITITIAL POINT
$coords = array('latitude' => "32.8", 'longitude' => "-117.17");
//RADIUS
$radius = 30;
// SQL FOR KILOMETERS
$sql = "SELECT zipcode, ( 6371 * acos( cos( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * cos( radians( latitude ) ) * cos( radians( longitude ) - radians( {$coords['longitude']} ) ) + sin( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * sin( radians( latitude ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM zipcodes HAVING distance <= {$radius} ORDER BY distance";
// SQL FOR MILES
$sql = "SELECT zipcode, ( 3959 * acos( cos( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * cos( radians( latitude ) ) * cos( radians( longitude ) - radians( {$coords['longitude']} ) ) + sin( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * sin( radians( latitude ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM zipcodes HAVING distance <= {$radius} ORDER BY distance";
// OUTPUT THE ZIPCODES AND DISTANCES
$query = mysql_query($sql);
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)){
echo "{$row['zipcode']} ({$row['distance']})<br>\n";
}
(Yahoo和Google都提供免费的地理编码服务。)
Note: Although I use a zipcode database with Dutch zipcodes, this question is country independent.
I have a database with every zipcode in the Netherlands + its x and y coordinate (lat/long).
I have for example zipcode: $baseZipCode = 1044;
with the following coordinates:
x coordinate = 4,808855
y coordinate = 52,406332
Now, I want to find all other zipcodes with $range
from $baseZipCode
.
For example:
SELECT
zipcode
FROM
zipcodes
WHERE
????? // Need help here
The problem is that the earth is not completely round. I find a lot of tutorials with from a to b
calculations but that's not what I need.
Does anyone have any idea?
UPDATE
Thanks to Captaintokyo I found this:
Want to find all zipcodes and corresponding distances within a certain mile/kilometer radius from another zipcode or point? This problems require latitude and longitude coordinates to solve. Geocoding the address gives you latitude/longitude coordinates from an address.
First you will need a database of all zipcodes and their corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates:
CREATE TABLE `zipcodes` (
`zipcode` varchar(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`city` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`state` char(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`latitude` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`longitude` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
KEY `zipcode` (`zipcode`),
KEY `state` (`state`)
)
So once you have the database you want to find all zipcodes within a certain mile radius of a central point. If the central point is another zipcode, simply query the database for the latitude and longitude coordinates of that zipcode. Then the code is as follows:
// ITITIAL POINT
$coords = array('latitude' => "32.8", 'longitude' => "-117.17");
//RADIUS
$radius = 30;
// SQL FOR KILOMETERS
$sql = "SELECT zipcode, ( 6371 * acos( cos( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * cos( radians( latitude ) ) * cos( radians( longitude ) - radians( {$coords['longitude']} ) ) + sin( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * sin( radians( latitude ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM zipcodes HAVING distance <= {$radius} ORDER BY distance";
// SQL FOR MILES
$sql = "SELECT zipcode, ( 3959 * acos( cos( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * cos( radians( latitude ) ) * cos( radians( longitude ) - radians( {$coords['longitude']} ) ) + sin( radians( {$coords['latitude']} ) ) * sin( radians( latitude ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM zipcodes HAVING distance <= {$radius} ORDER BY distance";
// OUTPUT THE ZIPCODES AND DISTANCES
$query = mysql_query($sql);
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)){
echo "{$row['zipcode']} ({$row['distance']})<br>\n";
}
(Both Yahoo and Google offer free geocoding services.)
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您必须使用称为 Haversine 公式 的东西:
公式:
通常我不会使用没有首先了解它的工作方式,但我必须承认这个功能有点超出我的理解......
You have to use something called the Haversine formula:
And the formula:
Usually I do not use code without understanding the way it works first, but I must confess this function is a little bit over my head...
虽然 Captaintokyo 的方法很准确,但速度也相当慢。我忍不住认为使用边界在该范围内的所有邮政编码的临时表,然后按距离细化这些结果会更有利。
While Captaintokyo's method is accurate, it's also fairly slow. I can't help but think it'd be more advantageous to use a temporary table of all zipcodes whose boundaries are within the range, then to refine those results by distance.
您想做这样的事情:
SELECT zipcode FROM zipcodes WHERE DistanceFormula(lat, long, 4.808855, 52.406332) < $range
如果您的邮政编码表很大,则可能会很慢。您可能还想查看 MySQL 的地理空间扩展。
You want to do something like this:
SELECT zipcode FROM zipcodes WHERE DistanceFormula(lat, long, 4.808855, 52.406332) < $range
It may be slow if your table of zip codes is large. You may also want to check out the geospatial extensions for MySQL.