为什么对 C 枚举定义中的值使用按位移位运算符?
Apple 有时在其枚举定义中使用按位移位运算符。例如,在作为 Core Graphics 一部分的 CGDirectDisplay.h 文件中:
enum {
kCGDisplayBeginConfigurationFlag = (1 << 0),
kCGDisplayMovedFlag = (1 << 1),
kCGDisplaySetMainFlag = (1 << 2),
kCGDisplaySetModeFlag = (1 << 3),
kCGDisplayAddFlag = (1 << 4),
kCGDisplayRemoveFlag = (1 << 5),
kCGDisplayEnabledFlag = (1 << 8),
kCGDisplayDisabledFlag = (1 << 9),
kCGDisplayMirrorFlag = (1 << 10),
kCGDisplayUnMirrorFlag = (1 << 11),
kCGDisplayDesktopShapeChangedFlag = (1 << 12)
};
typedef uint32_t CGDisplayChangeSummaryFlags;
为什么不像“普通”枚举int's强>?
Apple sometimes uses the Bitwise-Shift operator in their enum definitions. For example, in the CGDirectDisplay.h file which is part of Core Graphics:
enum {
kCGDisplayBeginConfigurationFlag = (1 << 0),
kCGDisplayMovedFlag = (1 << 1),
kCGDisplaySetMainFlag = (1 << 2),
kCGDisplaySetModeFlag = (1 << 3),
kCGDisplayAddFlag = (1 << 4),
kCGDisplayRemoveFlag = (1 << 5),
kCGDisplayEnabledFlag = (1 << 8),
kCGDisplayDisabledFlag = (1 << 9),
kCGDisplayMirrorFlag = (1 << 10),
kCGDisplayUnMirrorFlag = (1 << 11),
kCGDisplayDesktopShapeChangedFlag = (1 << 12)
};
typedef uint32_t CGDisplayChangeSummaryFlags;
Why not simply use incrementing int's like in a "normal" enum?
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也许以十六进制(或二进制)写入值会有所帮助:-)
现在您可以添加它们(或“或”它们)并获得不同的值
Maybe writing the values in hexadecimal (or binary) helps :-)
Now you can add them (or "or" them) and get different values
通过这种方式,您可以将多个标志添加在一起以创建标志“集”,然后可以使用
&
找出任何给定标志是否在这样的集合中。如果仅使用递增数字,则无法做到这一点。
例子:
This way you can add multiple flags together to create a "set" of flags and can then use
&
to find out whether any given flag is in such a set.You couldn't do that if it simply used incrementing numbers.
Example:
C# 7 中的新功能终于添加了二进制文字,因此您可以将其编写为:
如果您想让事情变得更简洁,您可以使用:
_
这也是 C# 7 的新功能,它允许您在数字中添加空格以使内容更具可读性,如下所示:使跟踪数字变得更加容易。
New in C# 7 is finally adding binary literals, so you can just write it as this:
And if you want to make things even neater, you use this:
_
which is also new to C# 7, which allows you to put spaces in numbers to make things more readable, like so:Makes it so much easier to keep track of the numbers.
如果 FlagA=1、FlagB=2 且 FlagC=3,则 FlagA 或 FlagB 将给出与 FlagC 相同的值。移位运算符用于确保每个标志组合都是唯一的。
If you have FlagA=1, FlagB=2 and FlagC=3, FlagA or FlagB would give the same value as FlagC. The shift operator is used to ensure that every combination of flags is unique.
这将允许变量轻松组合多个标志:
This will allow for a variable to easily combine multiple flags:
我得到了一个带有标志的枚举,如下所示。
现在我已经得到了这样的价值。
I got an enum with flags as follows.
Now I have got its value like this.
.. 因为
1<<7
看起来比01000000
更简洁、更容易阅读。不是吗?.. because
1<<7
looks more concise and easier to read than01000000
. Doesn't it?让我给你一个更多的练习例子。在 C++ 中,当您想要打开一个文件(打开以输出,并且在二进制模式而不是文本模式)时,您可以通过以下方式完成:
您可以看到, ios::out | ios::binary 可以设置两种模式(打开输出、二进制模式)。
这是如何运作的?它是通过枚举(按位移位值):
如果您在
enum _Ios_Openmode
中使用值递增1,则必须set(ios::out) 和 set(ios::binary) 执行两次。一次性查看和设置值可能不太方便。
Let's me give you a more practice example. In c++ when you want to open a file (Open for output, and in binary mode opposed to text mode), you can do it by:
You can see,
ios::out | ios::binary
can set two mode(Open for output, and in binary mode).How does this work ? It's by enum(bitwise-shift values):
If you use value increment by 1 in
enum _Ios_Openmode
, you have toset(ios::out)
andset(ios::binary)
do two times. It may not so convenient to check and set value by one time.使用#define 更容易理解。但枚举可以将这些值组合在一起。
using #define is more understandable. but enum could group these value togater.