如何使一个屏幕上的颜色与另一个屏幕上的颜色看起来相同
给定两台独立的计算机，如何确保每个屏幕上投射的颜色大致相同？
IE，一个屏幕的亮度可能比另一个屏幕高 50%，因此一个屏幕上的颜色显得更暗淡。一位艺术家在一台计算机上看到的图片可能与另一位不同，重要的是他们看到的是相同的级别。
您可以通过软件进行某种校准技术吗？有什么技巧吗？或者硬件解决方案是唯一的方法吗？
Given two seperate computers, how could one ensure that colours are being projected roughly the same on each screen?
IE, one screen might have 50% brightness more than another, so colours appear duller on one screen. One artist on one computer might be seeing the pictures differently to another, it's important they are seeing the same levels.
Is there some sort of callibration technique via software you can do? Any techniques? Or is a hardware solution the only way?
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如果您正在谈论实验室关键校准（即一台显示器上的颜色需要与另一台显示器上的颜色完全匹配，并且两者都需要尽可能接近地匹配外部参考），那么硬件色度计（带有其自己的适当软件）和测试目标）是唯一的解决方案。软件解决方案只能帮助您到目前为止。
您描述的技术是一种常见的纯软件解决方案，但它仅用于在单个设备上设置伽玛曲线。无法控制绝对亮度和对比度；您只需确保纯色与其抖动的对应颜色相匹配。这通常是在设置亮度和对比度后完成的，以便黑色尽可能黑，白色尽可能白，但您仍然可以区分非全黑与黑色、非全白与白色。然后，每台显示器都将针对其自身的最大色域进行优化，但它不一定与商店中的任何其他显示器相匹配（即使是相同品牌和型号的显示器也会因制造公差和使用年限/使用而显示出一些差异） 。硬件色度计（通常）会为被测设备生成自定义颜色配置文件与测试时的情况一样，并且产品中通常内置有端到端解决方案（因此您的扫描仪、打印机和显示器都尽可能紧密匹配）。
在完整的系统中，您永远无法实现绝对的端到端匹配，但硬件将使您尽可能接近。仅靠软件只能使您达到所校准设备的本地最大值，而与任何其他设备无关。
If you are talking about lab-critical calibration (that is, the colours on one monitor need to exactly match the colours on another, and both need to match an external reference as closely as possible) then a hardware colorimeter (with its own appropriate software and test targets) is the only solution. Software solutions can only get you so far.
The technique you described is a common software-only solution, but it's only for setting the gamma curves on a single device. There is no control over the absolute brightness and contrast; you are merely ensuring that solid colours match their dithered equivalents. That's usually done after setting the brightness and contrast so that black is as black as it can be and white is as white as it can be, but you can still distinguish not-quite-black from black and not-quite-white from white. Each monitor, then, will be optimized for its own maximum colour gamut, but it will not necessarily match any other monitor in the shop (even monitors that are the same make and model will show some variation due to manufacturing tolerances and age/use). A hardware colorimeter will (usually) generate a custom colour profile for the device under test as it is at the time of testing, and there is generally and end-to-end solution built into the product (so your scanner, printer, and monitor are all as closely matched as they can be).
You will never get to an absolute end-to-end match in a complete system, but hardware will get you as close as you can get. Software alone can only get you to a local maximum for the device it's calibrating, independent of any other device.
您需要研究的是颜色配置文件。
维基百科有一些关于这方面的好文章：
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_management
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile
您需要的基本内容是在其上看到颜色的显示器的颜色配置文件。然后，使用显示器 #2 的颜色配置文件，您可以获取原始颜色并将其转换为看起来尽可能接近的颜色（取决于显示设备实际可以表示的颜色）。
颜色配置文件是独立于平台的，许多现代框架直接支持它们。
您可能有兴趣阅读有关 Apple 如何处理此问题的信息：
颜色编程主题
https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/DrawColor/DrawColor.html
What you need to investigate are color profiles.
Wikipedia has some good articles on this:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_management
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile
The basic thing you need is the color profile of the display on which the color was seen. Then, with the color profile of display #2, you can take the original color and convert it into a color that will look as close as possible (depends on what colors the display device can actually represent).
Color profiles are platform independent and many modern frameworks support them directly.
You may be interested in reading about how Apple has dealt with this issue:
Color Programming Topics
https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/DrawColor/DrawColor.html
您必须允许或要求各个用户校准他们的显示器。但不同显示器之间存在着足够的差异，特别是型号和品牌之间的差异，因此尝试实施“银弹”解决方案基本上是不可能的。
You'd have to allow or ask the individual users to calibrate their monitors. But there's enough variation across monitors - particularly between models and brands - that trying to implement a "silver bullet" solution is basically impossible.
正如 @Matt Ball 观察到的那样，校准显示器就是您正在尝试做的事情。 这里有一种方法，无需专门的硬件或软件即可完成此操作。对于“大致相同”的参考图像的视觉校准可能就足够了。
As @Matt Ball observes calibrating your monitors is what you are trying to do. Here's one way to do it without specialised hardware or software. For 'roughly the same' visual calibration against a reference image is likely to be adequate.
让多个不同质量/品牌/功能的显示器以相同的方式渲染给定图像是根本不可能的。
如果您可以完全控制显示器、显卡、校准硬件/软件以及所使用的灯光，那么您就可以拍摄了。但前提是您完全控制桌面和环境。
假设您只考虑 LCD，它们是由不同类型的面板组成，具有许多不同的功能。亮度只是一个因素（尽管是一个重要因素）。另一个就是它们能够渲染的颜色数量。
除此之外，还有显示器所处的环境。即使假设相同品牌的显示器和校准点，如果使用头顶荧光灯与放置在显示器旁边的白炽灯，人们也会感知到不同的颜色。在我所在的一个地方，我们必须关闭所有开销，并为图形艺术家提供精确的灯放置位置。挑剔挑剔。 ;)
Getting multiple monitors of varying quality/brand/capabilities to render a given image the same way is simply not possible.
IF you have complete control over the monitor, video card, calibration hardware/software, and lighting used then you have a shot. But that's only if you are in complete control of the desktop and the environment.
Assuming you are just accounting for LCDs, they are built different types of panels with a host of different capabilities. Brightness is just one factor (albeit a big one). Another is simply the number of colors they are capable of rendering.
Beyond that, there is the environment that the monitor is in. Even assuming the same brand monitor and calibration points, a person will perceive a different color if an overhead fluorescent is used versus an incandescent placed next to the monitor itself. At one place I was at we had to shut off all the overheads and provide exact lamp placement for the graphic artists. Picky picky. ;)
我假设您无法控制所使用的硬件，每个用户都有不同品牌和型号的显示器。
您也无法控制操作系统颜色配置文件。
一个奢侈的解决方案是显示测试图片或图案，并要求用户使用他们的手机或网络摄像头拍摄它的照片。
将图片下载到计算机，并检查其级别是否有效或是否超出范围。
这也将确保办公室的环境光线合适。
I assume that you have no control over the hardware used, each user has a different brand and model monitor.
You have also no control over operating system color profiles.
An extravagant solution would be to display a test picture or pattern, and ask your users to take a picture of it using their mobile or webcam.
Download the picture to the computer, and check whether its levels are valid or too out of range.
This will also ensure ambient light at the office is appropiate.