popen()可以像pipe()一样创建双向管道吗?叉()?
我正在用 C++(主要是 C)在模拟文件系统上实现管道。它需要在主机 shell 中运行命令,但在模拟文件系统上执行管道本身。
我可以通过 pipe()
、fork()
和 system()
系统调用来实现此目的,但我更喜欢使用 < code>popen() (它处理创建管道、分叉进程以及将命令传递给 shell)。这可能是不可能的,因为(我认为)我需要能够从管道的父进程写入,在子进程端读取,从子进程写回输出,最后从父进程读取该输出。我的系统上的 popen()
手册页显示可以使用双向管道,但我的代码需要在旧版本仅支持单向管道的系统上运行。
通过上面的单独调用,我可以打开/关闭管道来实现此目的。可以使用popen()
吗?
举个简单的例子,运行ls -l | grep .txt | grep cmds
我需要:
- 打开管道和进程以在主机上运行 ls -l;读回其输出
- 将
ls -l
的输出通过管道传输回我的模拟器 - 打开管道和进程,在主机上的
管道输出上运行
grep .txt
ls -l - 将其输出通过管道传输回模拟器(卡在此处)
- 打开管道和进程以在主机上的
grep .txt 管道输出上运行
grep cmds
- 将其输出传送回模拟器并打印它
man popen
从 Mac OS X:
popen()
函数“打开”一个 通过创建双向过程 管道、分叉和调用 shell。 之前的popen()
打开的任何流 父进程中的调用已关闭 在新的子进程中。 从历史上看,popen()
已被实现 带单向管;因此, 许多仅popen()
的实现 允许模式参数指定 阅读或写作,而不是两者兼而有之。因为popen()
现在使用 双向管道,模式参数 可以请求双向数据流。 mode 参数是一个指向 必须以空字符结尾的字符串 'r' 表示读取, 'w' 表示写入,或者 'r+' 用于读取和写入。
I'm implementing piping on a simulated file system in C++ (with mostly C). It needs to run commands in the host shell but perform the piping itself on the simulated file system.
I could achieve this with the pipe()
, fork()
, and system()
system calls, but I'd prefer to use popen()
(which handles creating a pipe, forking a process, and passing a command to the shell). This may not be possible because (I think) I need to be able to write from the parent process of the pipe, read on the child process end, write the output back from the child, and finally read that output from the parent. The man page for popen()
on my system says a bidirectional pipe is possible, but my code needs to run on a system with an older version supporting only unidirectional pipes.
With the separate calls above, I can open/close pipes to achieve this. Is that possible with popen()
?
For a trivial example, to run ls -l | grep .txt | grep cmds
I need to:
- Open a pipe and process to run
ls -l
on the host; read its output back - Pipe the output of
ls -l
back to my simulator - Open a pipe and process to run
grep .txt
on the host on the piped output ofls -l
- Pipe the output of this back to the simulator (stuck here)
- Open a pipe and process to run
grep cmds
on the host on the piped output ofgrep .txt
- Pipe the output of this back to the simulator and print it
man popen
From Mac OS X:
The
popen()
function 'opens' a
process by creating a bidirectional
pipe, forking, and invoking the shell.
Any streams opened by previouspopen()
calls in the parent process are closed
in the new child process.
Historically,popen()
was implemented
with a unidirectional pipe; hence,
many implementations ofpopen()
only
allow the mode argument to specify
reading or writing, not both. Becausepopen()
is now implemented using a
bidirectional pipe, the mode argument
may request a bidirectional data flow.
The mode argument is a pointer to a
null-terminated string which must be
'r' for reading, 'w' for writing, or
'r+' for reading and writing.
如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。
绑定邮箱获取回复消息
由于您还没有绑定你的真实邮箱,如果其他用户或者作者回复了您的评论,将不能在第一时间通知您!
发布评论
评论(6)
我建议编写您自己的函数来为您执行管道/分叉/系统操作。您可以让该函数生成一个进程并返回读/写文件描述符,如...
您可以在其中添加所需的任何功能。
I'd suggest writing your own function to do the piping/forking/system-ing for you. You could have the function spawn a process and return read/write file descriptors, as in...
You can add whatever functionality you need in there.
你似乎已经回答了你自己的问题。如果您的代码需要在不支持
popen
打开双向管道的旧系统上运行,那么您将无法使用popen
(至少不能使用这是提供的)。真正的问题是有关旧系统的确切功能。特别是,他们的
pipe
支持创建双向管道吗?如果他们有一个可以创建双向管道的pipe
,但popen
没有,那么我会编写代码的主要流以使用popen
具有双向管道,并提供popen
的实现,该实现可以使用双向管道,该双向管道在需要的地方进行编译。如果您需要支持足够老的系统,
pipe
仅支持单向管道,那么您几乎只能使用pipe
、fork
、< code>dup2 等,由您自己决定。我可能仍然会将其包装在一个函数中,该函数几乎就像现代版本的popen
一样,但不是返回一个文件句柄,而是用两个文件句柄填充一个小结构文件句柄,一个用于子级的stdin
,另一个用于子级的stdout
。You seem to have answered your own question. If your code needs to work on an older system that doesn't support
popen
opening bidirectional pipes, then you won't be able to usepopen
(at least not the one that's supplied).The real question would be about the exact capabilities of the older systems in question. In particular, does their
pipe
support creating bidirectional pipes? If they have apipe
that can create a bidirectional pipe, butpopen
that doesn't, then I'd write the main stream of the code to usepopen
with a bidirectional pipe, and supply an implementation ofpopen
that can use a bidirectional pipe that gets compiled in an used where needed.If you need to support systems old enough that
pipe
only supports unidirectional pipes, then you're pretty much stuck with usingpipe
,fork
,dup2
, etc., on your own. I'd probably still wrap this up in a function that works almost like a modern version ofpopen
, but instead of returning one file handle, fills in a small structure with two file handles, one for the child'sstdin
, the other for the child'sstdout
.POSIX 规定
popen()
调用并非旨在提供双向通信:任何可移植代码都不会做出超出此范围的假设。 BSD
popen()
与您的问题描述的类似。此外,管道与套接字不同,每个管道文件描述符都是单向的。您必须创建两个管道,为每个方向配置一个。
POSIX stipulates that the
popen()
call is not designed to provide bi-directional communication:Any portable code will make no assumptions beyond that. The BSD
popen()
is similar to what your question describes.Additionally, pipes are different from sockets and each pipe file descriptor is uni-directional. You would have to create two pipes, one configured for each direction.
在 netresolve 后端之一中,我正在与脚本对话,因此我需要写入其
stdin
并从其stdout
读取。以下函数执行命令,并将 stdin 和 stdout 重定向到管道。您可以使用它并根据您的喜好进行调整。https://github.com/crossdistro/netresolve/blob/master /backends/exec.c#L46
(我在 popen同时读写)
In one of netresolve backends I'm talking to a script and therefore I need to write to its
stdin
and read from itsstdout
. The following function executes a command with stdin and stdout redirected to a pipe. You can use it and adapt it to your liking.https://github.com/crossdistro/netresolve/blob/master/backends/exec.c#L46
(I used the same code in popen simultaneous read and write)
下面是代码(C++,但可以轻松转换为 C):
用法:
可能的输出:
Here's the code (C++, but can be easily converted to C):
Usage:
Possible Output:
无需创建两个管道并在每个进程中浪费一个文件描述符。只需使用套接字即可。 https://stackoverflow.com/a/25177958/894520
No need to create two pipes and waste a filedescriptor in each process. Just use a socket instead. https://stackoverflow.com/a/25177958/894520