如何在 Objective-C 中等待线程完成

Question

我正在尝试使用我在某处下载的类中的方法。该方法在程序继续执行的同时在后台执行。我不想让程序继续执行直到该方法完成。我该怎么做？

Answer 1

这是使用 GCD 的另一种方法：

- (void)main
{
    [self doStuffInGCD];
}

- (void)doStuffInGCD
{
    dispatch_group_t d_group = dispatch_group_create();
    dispatch_queue_t bg_queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    
    dispatch_group_async(d_group, bg_queue, ^{
        [self doSomething:@"a"];
    });

    dispatch_group_async(d_group, bg_queue, ^{
        [self doSomething:@"b"];
    });

    dispatch_group_async(d_group, bg_queue, ^{
        [self doSomething:@"c"];
    });
    
    
    // you can do this to synchronously wait on the current thread:
    dispatch_group_wait(d_group, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    dispatch_release(d_group);
    NSLog(@"All background tasks are done!!");

    
    // ****  OR  ****
    
    // this if you just want something to happen after those are all done:
    dispatch_group_notify(d_group, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        dispatch_release(d_group);
        NSLog(@"All background tasks are done!!");        
    });
}

- (void)doSomething:(id)arg
{
    // do whatever you want with the arg here 
}

Answer 2

使用 NSOperationQueue，如下所示
（根据记忆，请原谅任何小错误——你会得到基本的想法）：

// ivars
NSOperationQueue *opQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
// count can be anything you like
[opQueue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:5];

- (void)main
{
    [self doStuffInOperations];
}

// method
- (void)doStuffInOperations
{
    // do parallel task A
    [opQueue addOperation:[[[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(doSomething:) object:@"a"] autorelease]];

    // do parallel task B
    [opQueue addOperation:[[[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(doSomething:) object:@"b"] autorelease]];

    // do parallel task C
    [opQueue addOperation:[[[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(doSomething:) object:@"c"] autorelease]];


    [opQueue waitUntilAllOperationsHaveFinished];

    // now, do stuff that requires A, B, and C to be finished, and they should be finished much faster because they are in parallel.
}

- (void)doSomething:(id)arg
{
    // do whatever you want with the arg here 
    // (which is in the background, 
    // because all NSOperations added to NSOperationQueues are.)
}

Answer 3

我的第一反应是不做你的建议。我之前使用的技术是为线程提供原始对象（位于主线程上）中的方法的选择器。当第二个线程启动时，主线程继续执行，但在显示屏上显示某种忙碌指示器。这允许用户交互在需要时继续。

当第二个线程结束时，就在关闭之前，它会调用主线程上的选择器。然后，选择器引用的方法会从显示中删除繁忙指示器，并告诉主线程进行更新，获取第二个线程生成的任何数据。

我已成功地将其用于访问 Web 服务（在第二个线程上）的应用程序，然后在返回数据后更新显示而不锁定它。这使得用户体验变得更好。

Answer 4

对于这种情况，我通常使用 NSCondition 类。

//this method executes in main thread/queue
- (void)waitForJob
{
    id __weak selfWeak = self;
    NSCondition *waitHandle = [NSCondition new];
    [waitHandle lock];
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, 0), ^{
        [selfWeak doSomethingLongtime];
        [waitHandle signal];
    });
    //waiting for background thread finished
    [waitHandle waitUntilDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60]];
}

Answer 5

多线程同步的几种技术方式，如NSConditionLock（互斥锁）、NSCondition（信号量）。但都是其他语言的通用编程知识（java.. .) 除了 Objective-c。我更喜欢引入runloop（Cocoa中特别）来实现线程连接：

NSThread *A; //global
A = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(runA) object:nil]; //create thread A
[A start];

- (void)runA    
{
　　[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(runB) toTarget:self withObject:nil]; //create thread B    
　　while (1)    
　　{    
　　　　if ([[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] runMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode beforeDate:[NSDate distantFuture]]) //join here, waiting for thread B    
　　　　{    
　　　　　　NSLog(@"thread B quit...");    
　　　　　　break;    
　　　　}    
　　}    
}

- (void)runB    
{    
　　sleep(1);    
　　[self performSelector:@selector(setData) onThread:A withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES modes:@[NSDefaultRunLoopMode]];    
}

Answer 6

我建议在您自己的方法中结束对类方法的调用，并在完成后设置一个布尔值。例如：

BOOL isThreadRunning = NO;
- (void)beginThread {   
    isThreadRunning = YES;

    [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(backgroundThread) withObject:nil];
}
- (void)backgroundThread {
    [myClass doLongTask];

    // Done!
    isThreadRunning = NO;
}
- (void)waitForThread {
    if (! isThreadRunning) {
        // Thread completed
        [self doSomething];
    }
}

您希望如何处理等待取决于您：也许使用 [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1] 或类似的轮询，或者每个运行循环向自己发送一条消息。

Answer 7

我的技术是检查任务是否可以运行（如果后台线程已完成），如果无法运行，则我使用 GCD 在延迟后重试：

- (void)doSomething
{
  if (/* is the other thread done yet? */) {
    double delayInSeconds = 2.0;
    dispatch_time_t popTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(delayInSeconds * NSEC_PER_SEC));
    dispatch_after(popTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^(void){
      [self doSomething];
    });
    return;
  }

  // do something
}