如果作业中的任何步骤失败，则通知操作员

Question

我是否可以（如何）配置 Sql Server 2008 以在作业中的任何步骤失败时通知操作员？

我有一项 Sql Server 作业，其中包含几个步骤来更新来自多个不同源的数据，最后一步是对数据执行多项计算。所有“数据刷新”步骤均设置为“失败时转到下一步”。一般来说，如果其中一项数据刷新失败，我仍然希望运行最后一步，但我仍然希望收到有关中间失败的通知，因此如果它们持续失败，我可以进行调查。

Answer 1

我们是这样做的。我们添加最后一个 T-SQL 步骤（通常称为“检查步骤”），并

SELECT  step_name, message
FROM    msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory
WHERE   instance_id > COALESCE((SELECT MAX(instance_id) FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory
                                WHERE job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID)) AND step_id = 0), 0)
        AND job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID))
        AND run_status <> 1 -- success

IF      @@ROWCOUNT <> 0
        RAISERROR('Ooops', 16, 1)

注意此代码使用 作业步骤中的令牌（$(...)部分），因此代码无法按原样在SSMS中执行。它基本上尝试在 sysjobhistory 中查找当前作业的先前步骤的条目并查找失败状态。

在“属性”->“高级”中，您还可以选中在历史记录中包含步骤输出以获取步骤失败的消息。将失败操作保留为退出报告失败的作业。

Answer 2

@wqw 接受的答案非常好。

我已将其扩展为那些启用了数据库邮件的用户，可以通过电子邮件发送有关失败原因和失败方式的更多详细信息。还在此页面上合并了 icvader 的答案，以考虑重试。

对于我们这些需要更多细节来判断在异地/待命时是否​​需要采取紧急行动的人来说应该非常有帮助。

DECLARE 

@YourRecipients as varchar(1000) = '[email protected]'
,@YourMailProfileName as varchar(255) = 'Database Mail'

,@Msg as varchar(1000)
,@NumofFails as smallint
,@JobName as varchar(1000)
,@Subj as varchar(1000)
,@i as smallint = 1


---------------Fetch List of Step Errors------------
SELECT *
INTO #Errs

FROM

    (
    SELECT 
      rank() over (PARTITION BY step_id ORDER BY step_id) rn
    , ROW_NUMBER() over (partition by step_id order by run_date desc, run_time desc) ReverseTryOrder
    ,j.name job_name
    ,run_status
    , step_id
    , step_name
    , [message]

    FROM    msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory h
    join msdb.dbo.sysjobs j on j.job_id = h.job_id

    WHERE   instance_id > COALESCE((SELECT MAX(instance_id) FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory
                                    WHERE job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID)) AND step_id = 0), 0)
            AND h.job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID))
    ) as agg

WHERE ReverseTryOrder = 1 ---Pick the last retry attempt of each step
  AND run_status <> 1 -- show only those that didn't succeed 


SET @NumofFails = ISNULL(@@ROWCOUNT,0)---Stored here because we'll still need the rowcount after it's reset.


-------------------------If there are any failures assemble email and send ------------------------------------------------
IF  @NumofFails <> 0
    BEGIN

        DECLARE @PluralS as char(1) = CASE WHEN @NumofFails > 1 THEN 's' ELSE '' END ---To make it look like a computer knows English
        SELECT top 1 @Subj = 'Job: ' + job_name + ' had ' + CAST(@NumofFails as varchar(3)) + ' step' + @PluralS + ' that failed'
                    ,@Msg =  'The trouble is... ' +CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)+CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)

                        FROM dbo.#Errs


        WHILE @i <= @NumofFails 
        BEGIN
            SELECT @Msg = @Msg + 'Step:' + CAST(step_id as varchar(3)) + ': ' + step_name  +CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)

            + [message] +CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)+CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) FROM dbo.#Errs
            WHERE rn = @i


            SET @i = @i + 1
        END

            exec msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
            @recipients = @YourRecipients,
            @subject = @Subj,
            @profile_name = @YourMailProfileName,
            @body = @Msg


    END

与它所基于的其他答案的一个区别是：不会将整个工作视为错误。
这是为了保留作业历史记录中“已中止”和“已完成但有错误”之间的区别。

Answer 3

对上述答案的改进，以防有人想使用 sql server 代理中的运算符发送电子邮件；并使用存储在 msdb 中的数据库配置文件名称：

DECLARE @EmailRecipients as varchar(1000)
DECLARE @MailProfileName as varchar(255)
DECLARE @Msg as varchar(1000)
DECLARE @NumofFails as smallint
DECLARE @JobName as varchar(1000)
DECLARE @Subj as varchar(1000)
DECLARE @i as smallint = 1

SELECT @EmailRecipients = email_address 
FROM msdb.dbo.sysoperators
WHERE name = <Operator Name>

SELECT TOP(1) @MailProfileName = name 
FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile

SELECT * INTO #Errs
FROM
    (SELECT rank() over (PARTITION BY step_id ORDER BY step_id) rn, 
            ROW_NUMBER() over (partition by step_id order by run_date desc, run_time desc) ReverseTryOrder,
           j.name job_name,
           run_status,
           step_id,
           step_name,
           [message]
     FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory h
     JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs j ON j.job_id = h.job_id
     WHERE instance_id > COALESCE((SELECT MAX(instance_id) FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory
                                    WHERE job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID)) AND step_id = 0), 0)
     AND h.job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID))
    ) AS agg
WHERE ReverseTryOrder = 1 ---Pick the last retry attempt of each step
AND run_status <> 1 -- show only those that didn't succeed 


SET @NumofFails = ISNULL(@@ROWCOUNT,0)---Stored here because we'll still need the rowcount after it's reset.

IF  @NumofFails <> 0
BEGIN
    DECLARE @PluralS as char(1) = CASE WHEN @NumofFails > 1 THEN 's' ELSE '' END

    SELECT top 1 @Subj = job_name + ':'+ CAST(@NumofFails as varchar(3)) + '''Check Steps'' Report',
                 @Msg =  '''Check Steps'' has reported that one or more Steps failed during execution of ' + job_name + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)+ CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
    FROM dbo.#Errs

    WHILE @i <= @NumofFails 
    BEGIN
        SELECT @Msg = @Msg + 'Step ' + CAST(step_id as varchar(3)) + ': ' + step_name  +CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
                     + [message] +CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)+CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) 
        FROM dbo.#Errs
        WHERE rn = @i

        SET @i = @i + 1
    END

    EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
    @recipients = @EmailRecipients,
    @subject = @Subj,
    @profile_name = @MailProfileName,
    @body = @Msg
END

Answer 4

由于独特的跨日志场景会导致偶尔阻塞，因此我将大部分步骤设置为重试。即使某个步骤已成功重试，wqw 的帖子也会发出警报。我做了一个调整，如果步骤失败，则不会发出警报，但重试时会成功。

SELECT  step_id, MIN(run_status)
FROM    msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory
WHERE   instance_id > COALESCE((SELECT MAX(instance_id) FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory
                                WHERE job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID)) AND step_id = 0), 0)
        AND job_id = $(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(JOBID))
GROUP BY step_id
HAVING MIN(run_status) <> 1 -- success

IF @@ROWCOUNT <> 0
RAISERROR('FailedStep', 16, 1)

Answer 5

Adamantish 的答案是完美的解决方案（谢谢）：完美地工作..小修改。正如 wqw 之前所说，在 SSMS 中不起作用，将其添加为最后一步并运行作业。

WHERE instance_id > COALESCE
(
(
SELECT MAX(instance_id) 
FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobhistory
WHERE job_id = '2XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXXX' AND step_id = 0), 0
)
AND h.job_id = '2XXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXXX'
) 
as agg

Answer 6

转到作业属性>通知选项卡>作业完成时要执行的操作

，选中电子邮件复选框并从下拉列表中选择“当作业失败时”并保存作业。

阅读 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library 上的第四点/ms191130.aspx

如果要通过电子邮件通知操作员，请选中“电子邮件”，从列表中选择操作员，然后选择以下选项之一：

• 作业成功时：通知作业成功完成时通知操作员。

• 作业失败时：作业未成功完成时通知操作员。

• 作业完成时：通知操作员，无论完成状态如何。

Answer 7

在每个步骤中添加代码：

if @@error > 0
EXEC sp_send_dbmail @profile_name='DBATeam',
@[email protected]',
@subject='SomeJob SomeStep failed',
@body='This is the body of SomeJob SomeStep failed'