强制 XDocument 使用 UTF-8 编码写入字符串

Question

我希望能够使用声明和 UTF-8 编码将 XML 写入字符串。这似乎很难完成。

我已经阅读了一些内容并尝试了一些流行的答案，但它们都有问题。我当前的代码正确输出为 UTF-8，但不保持 XDocument 的原始格式（即缩进/空格）！

有人可以提供一些建议吗？

XDocument xml = new XDocument(new XDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", "yes"), xelementXML);

MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
using (XmlWriter xw = new XmlTextWriter(ms, Encoding.UTF8))
{
    xml.Save(xw);
    xw.Flush();

    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ms);
    ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

    String xmlString = sr.ReadToEnd();
}

XML 要求格式与 .ToString() 的格式相同，即

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<root>
    <node>blah</node>
</root>

我当前看到的是

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><root><node>blah</node></root>

Update 我已经设法通过添加 XmlTextWriter 设置来使其工作......但它看起来非常笨重！

MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();
settings.Encoding = Encoding.UTF8;
settings.ConformanceLevel = ConformanceLevel.Document;
settings.Indent = true;
using (XmlWriter xw = XmlTextWriter.Create(ms, settings))
{
    xml.Save(xw);
    xw.Flush();

    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ms);
    ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
    String blah = sr.ReadToEnd();
}

Answer 1

试试这个：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Linq;

class Test
{
    static void Main()
    {
        XDocument doc = XDocument.Load("test.xml",
                                       LoadOptions.PreserveWhitespace);
        doc.Declaration = new XDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
        StringWriter writer = new Utf8StringWriter();
        doc.Save(writer, SaveOptions.None);
        Console.WriteLine(writer);
    }

    private class Utf8StringWriter : StringWriter
    {
        public override Encoding Encoding { get { return Encoding.UTF8; } }
    }
}

当然，您还没有向我们展示如何构建文档，这使得测试变得困难...我刚刚尝试过手动构建的 XDocument ，其中包含相关的空白也是如此。

Answer 2

尝试 XmlWriterSettings：

XmlWriterSettings xws = new XmlWriterSettings();
xws.OmitXmlDeclaration = false;
xws.Indent = true;

并像这样传递它

using (XmlWriter xw = XmlWriter.Create(sb, xws))

Answer 3

另请参阅https://stackoverflow.com/a/3288376/1430535

return xdoc.Declaration.ToString() + Environment.NewLine + xdoc.ToString();