C++ 中的段错误对在预分配缓冲区中创建的对象调用虚拟方法

发布于 2024-09-26 05:49:09 字数 3067 浏览 4 评论 0原文

嗯...标题有点拗口,但我真的不确定哪一部分引起了问题,我已经运行了很多次,并且无法查明为什么...

这个想法是使单个 Choice 实例能够存储任何一个值 传递到它的模板列表的类型...它有点像一个联合,除了 它跟踪所存储的类型,并认为每种类型的值是不同的,这使其能够绕过联合成员中构造函数的 C++ 约束。

它在某些情况下确实有效,但清理代码似乎存在一些问题。当我开始将此结构与 std::basic_string 或参数列表中传递的类似类型一起使用时,我就开始出现段错误,但我不明白为什么这会导致任何问题。

这对我自己来说是一个实验,但我看不出它为什么不起作用的任何原因(在 g++ 中以 C++0x 模式编译):

// virtual methods should provide a way of "remembering"
// the type stored within the choice at any given time
struct ChoiceValue
{
   virtual void del(void* value) = 0;
   virtual bool is(int choice) = 0;
};

// Choices are initialized with an instance
// of this structure in their choice buffer
// which should handle the uninitialized case
struct DefaultChoiceValue : public IChoiceValue
{
   virtual void del(void* value) {}
   virtual bool is(int choice) { return false; }
};

// When a choice is actually initialized with a value
// an instance of this structure (with the appropriate value
// for T and TChoice) is created and stored in the choice
// buffer, allowing it to be cleaned up later (using del())
template<int TChoice, typename T>
struct ChoiceValue
{
    virtual void del(void* value) { ((T*)value)->~T(); }
    virtual bool is(int choice) { return choice == TChoice; }
};

template<typename ... TAll>
struct Choice
{
};

template<typename T1, typename ... TRest>
struct Choice<T1, TRest...>
{
  // these two constants should compute the buffer size needed to store
  // the largest possible value for the choice and the actual value
  static const int CSize = sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) > Choice<TRest...>::CSize
         ? sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) : Choice<TRest...>::CSize;
  static const int VSize = sizeof(T1) > Choice<TRest...>::VSize
         ? sizeof(T1) : Choice<TRest...>::VSize;

   IChoiceValue* _choice;
   char* _choiceBuffer;
   char* _valueBuffer;

   Choice()
   {
      _choiceBuffer = new char[CSize];
      _valueBuffer = new char[VSize];
      _choice = new (_choiceBuffer) DefaultChoiceValue();
   }
   ~Choice()
   {
      _choice->del(_valueBuffer);
      delete[] _choiceBuffer;
      delete[] _valueBuffer;
   }
   template<int TChoice, typename T>
   T& get()
   {
      if(_choice->is(TChoice))
        return *(T*)_valueBuffer;
      else
      {
         _choice->del(_valueBuffer);
         new (_valueBuffer) T();
         _choice = new (_choiceBuffer) ChoiceValue<TChoice, T>();
         return *(T*)_valueBuffer;
      }
   }
};

template<typename T1>
struct Choice<T1>
{
  // required for the base case of a template
  // with one type argument
  static const int CSize = sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) > sizeof(DefaultChoiceValue)
              ? sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) : sizeof(DefaultChoiceValue);
  static const int VSize = sizeof(T1);

  // I have an implementation here as well in my code
  // but it is pretty much just a copy of the above code
  // used in the multiple types case
};

如果有人能找出我做错了什么,非常感谢:)

Hmm... Title is a bit of a mouthful, but I'm really not sure which part of this is causing issues, I've run through it a ton of times, and can't pinpoint why...

The idea is for a single Choice instance to be able to store any one value of any
of the types passed in to it's template list... It's kind of like a union, except
it keeps track of the type being stored, and considers values of each type to be distinct, which allows it to get around the C++ constraints on constructors in union members.

It does work in some cases, but there seems to be some problems with the cleanup code. I started getting segfaults the second I started using this structure with std::basic_string or similar types passed in the argument list, but I can't see why that would cause any issues.

This is kind of a though experiment for myself, but I can't see any reason why it shouldn't work (compiled in C++0x mode in g++):

// virtual methods should provide a way of "remembering"
// the type stored within the choice at any given time
struct ChoiceValue
{
   virtual void del(void* value) = 0;
   virtual bool is(int choice) = 0;
};

// Choices are initialized with an instance
// of this structure in their choice buffer
// which should handle the uninitialized case
struct DefaultChoiceValue : public IChoiceValue
{
   virtual void del(void* value) {}
   virtual bool is(int choice) { return false; }
};

// When a choice is actually initialized with a value
// an instance of this structure (with the appropriate value
// for T and TChoice) is created and stored in the choice
// buffer, allowing it to be cleaned up later (using del())
template<int TChoice, typename T>
struct ChoiceValue
{
    virtual void del(void* value) { ((T*)value)->~T(); }
    virtual bool is(int choice) { return choice == TChoice; }
};

template<typename ... TAll>
struct Choice
{
};

template<typename T1, typename ... TRest>
struct Choice<T1, TRest...>
{
  // these two constants should compute the buffer size needed to store
  // the largest possible value for the choice and the actual value
  static const int CSize = sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) > Choice<TRest...>::CSize
         ? sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) : Choice<TRest...>::CSize;
  static const int VSize = sizeof(T1) > Choice<TRest...>::VSize
         ? sizeof(T1) : Choice<TRest...>::VSize;

   IChoiceValue* _choice;
   char* _choiceBuffer;
   char* _valueBuffer;

   Choice()
   {
      _choiceBuffer = new char[CSize];
      _valueBuffer = new char[VSize];
      _choice = new (_choiceBuffer) DefaultChoiceValue();
   }
   ~Choice()
   {
      _choice->del(_valueBuffer);
      delete[] _choiceBuffer;
      delete[] _valueBuffer;
   }
   template<int TChoice, typename T>
   T& get()
   {
      if(_choice->is(TChoice))
        return *(T*)_valueBuffer;
      else
      {
         _choice->del(_valueBuffer);
         new (_valueBuffer) T();
         _choice = new (_choiceBuffer) ChoiceValue<TChoice, T>();
         return *(T*)_valueBuffer;
      }
   }
};

template<typename T1>
struct Choice<T1>
{
  // required for the base case of a template
  // with one type argument
  static const int CSize = sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) > sizeof(DefaultChoiceValue)
              ? sizeof(ChoiceValue<0, T1>) : sizeof(DefaultChoiceValue);
  static const int VSize = sizeof(T1);

  // I have an implementation here as well in my code
  // but it is pretty much just a copy of the above code
  // used in the multiple types case
};

Thanks a ton if anyone can find out what I'm doing wrong :)

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瑾兮 2024-10-03 05:49:09

您没有发布与实际崩溃相关的任何代码,但我猜测您要么按值返回 Choice<...> 的实例,要么通过某些调用复制构造函数其他方式。由于您没有定义复制构造函数,因此您可能会双重释放使用 Choice<...>::Choice 分配的内存。

You didn't post any code related to the actual crash, but I'm going to guess that you either return an instance of Choice<...> by value or invoke the copy constructor through some other means. Since you didn't define a copy constructor, you are probably double freeing the memory you allocated with Choice<...>::Choice.

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