如何从 Perl 中的哈希数组创建哈希的哈希?
我有一个散列数组,全部具有相同的键集,例如:
my $aoa= [
{NAME=>'Dave', AGE=>12, SEX=>'M', ID=>123456, NATIONALITY=>'Swedish'},
{NAME=>'Susan', AGE=>36, SEX=>'F', ID=>543210, NATIONALITY=>'Swedish'},
{NAME=>'Bart', AGE=>120, SEX=>'M', ID=>987654, NATIONALITY=>'British'},
]
我想编写一个子例程,使用给定的键层次结构将其转换为散列的散列:
my $key_hierarchy_a = ['SEX', 'NATIONALITY'];
aoh_to_hoh ($aoa, $key_hierarchy_a) = @_;
...
}
将返回
{M=>
{Swedish=>{{NAME=>'Dave', AGE=>12, ID=>123456}},
British=>{{NAME=>'Bart', AGE=>120, ID=>987654}}},
F=>
{Swedish=>{{NAME=>'Susan', AGE=>36, ID=>543210}}
}
注意这不仅创建正确的键层次结构还要删除现在多余的键。
我陷入了需要在正确的分层位置创建新的、最内部的哈希的境地。
问题是我不知道“深度”(即键的数量)。如果我有一个常数,我可以这样做:
%h{$inner_hash{$PRIMARY_KEY}}{$inner_hash{$SECONDARY_KEY}}{...} = filter_copy($inner_hash,[$PRIMARY_KEY,$SECONDARY_KEY])
所以也许我可以编写一个循环,一次添加一个级别,从散列中删除该键,然后将剩余的散列添加到“当前”位置,但它是有点麻烦,而且我不知道如何在哈希值的哈希值中保留“位置”......
I have an array of hashes, all with the same set of keys, e.g.:
my $aoa= [
{NAME=>'Dave', AGE=>12, SEX=>'M', ID=>123456, NATIONALITY=>'Swedish'},
{NAME=>'Susan', AGE=>36, SEX=>'F', ID=>543210, NATIONALITY=>'Swedish'},
{NAME=>'Bart', AGE=>120, SEX=>'M', ID=>987654, NATIONALITY=>'British'},
]
I would like to write a subroutine that will convert this into a hash of hashes using a given key hierarchy:
my $key_hierarchy_a = ['SEX', 'NATIONALITY'];
aoh_to_hoh ($aoa, $key_hierarchy_a) = @_;
...
}
will return
{M=>
{Swedish=>{{NAME=>'Dave', AGE=>12, ID=>123456}},
British=>{{NAME=>'Bart', AGE=>120, ID=>987654}}},
F=>
{Swedish=>{{NAME=>'Susan', AGE=>36, ID=>543210}}
}
Note this not only creates the correct key hierarchy but also remove the now redundant keys.
I'm getting stuck at the point where I need to create the new, most inner hash in its correct hierarchical location.
The problem is I don't know the "depth" (i.e. the number of keys). If I has a constant number, I could do something like:
%h{$inner_hash{$PRIMARY_KEY}}{$inner_hash{$SECONDARY_KEY}}{...} = filter_copy($inner_hash,[$PRIMARY_KEY,$SECONDARY_KEY])
so perhaps I can write a loop that will add one level at a time, remove that key from the hash, than add the remaining hash to the "current" location, but it's a bit cumbersome and also I'm not sure how to keep a 'location' in a hash of hashes...
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根据@FM 的评论,您确实需要一个额外的数组级别。
输出:
编辑:哦,顺便说一句 - 如果有人知道如何优雅地克隆参考内容,请教。谢谢!
编辑编辑:@FM 帮助了。现在好多了 :D
As per @FM's comment, you really want an extra array level in there.
The output:
EDIT: Oh, BTW - if anyone knows how to elegantly clone contents of a reference, please teach. Thanks!
EDIT EDIT: @FM helped. All better now :D
正如您所经历的,编写代码来创建任意深度的哈希结构有点棘手。访问此类结构的代码同样棘手。这让人想知道:您真的想这样做吗?
一种更简单的方法可能是将原始信息放入数据库中。只要您关心的键已建立索引,数据库引擎就能够非常快速地检索感兴趣的行:给我所有 SEX = 女性且 NATIONALITY = 瑞典人。现在听起来很有希望!
您可能还会发现这个 松散相关的问题感兴趣。
As you've experienced, writing code to create hash structures of arbitrary depth is a bit tricky. And the code to access such structures is equally tricky. Which makes one wonder: Do you really want to do this?
A simpler approach might be to put the original information in a database. As long as the keys you care about are indexed, the DB engine will be able to retrieve rows of interest very quickly: Give me all persons where SEX = female and NATIONALITY = Swedish. Now that sounds promising!
You might also find this loosely related question of interest.