需要递归生成文件数组的每个唯一组合

发布于 2024-09-25 14:49:13 字数 977 浏览 0 评论 0原文

我研究并发现很多类似的请求,但没有一个完全符合我的需要。

这是我的问题。我正在使用 C# 工作,并且有一个 FileInfo[] 数组,其中包含未知数量的元素。

FileInfo[] files = new FileInfo[]
{
    new FileInfo(@"C:\a.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\b.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\c.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\d.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\e.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\f.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\g.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\h.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\i.jpg"),
}; // Using 9 elements for this example

我需要生成这些文件的每种可能的重新排序组合的列表,而不重复这些文件。

因此,我的一些结果将是这样的(示例不是代码格式):

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i, h // i & h switched
a, b, c, d, e, f, h, g, i // last 3 elements switched

a, a, b, b, c, c, d, d, e // THIS IS NOT ACCEPTED, because elements are duplicated

依此类推,直到我想出每种可能的组合

所以结果总数应该是中元素数量的阶乘大批。在这个例子中,有9个元素,所以应该有9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1=362,880种可能的组合。

我已经把这个问题搞乱了好几天了,但我就是无法集中注意力。感谢任何帮助,尤其是代码示例!

谢谢!

I've researched and found LOTS of similar requests, but nothing was quite what I needed.

Here is my problem. I'm working in C#, and I have a FileInfo[] array with an unknown number of elements in it.

FileInfo[] files = new FileInfo[]
{
    new FileInfo(@"C:\a.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\b.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\c.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\d.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\e.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\f.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\g.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\h.jpg"),
    new FileInfo(@"C:\i.jpg"),
}; // Using 9 elements for this example

And I need to generate a list of every possible reorder combination of these files, without repeating the files.

So, some of my results would be like this (example is not in code format):

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i, h // i & h switched
a, b, c, d, e, f, h, g, i // last 3 elements switched

a, a, b, b, c, c, d, d, e // THIS IS NOT ACCEPTED, because elements are duplicated

And so on, until I've come up with every possible combination

So the total number of results should be the factorial of the number of elements in the array. In this example, there are 9 elements, so there should be 9*8*7*6*5*4*3*2*1=362,880 possible combinations.

I've been messing with this for a couple days now, and I just can't wrap my mind around it. Any help is appreciated, especially with code examples!

Thanks!

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三月梨花 2024-10-02 14:49:13

使用 Linq 很容易:

IEnumerable<FileInfo[]> permutations =
    from a in files
    from b in files.Except(new[] { a })
    from c in files.Except(new[] { a, b })
    from d in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c })
    from e in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d })
    from f in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e })
    from g in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f })
    from h in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f, g })
    from i in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h })
    select new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i };

编辑:

这是一个通用解决方案,适用于任意数量的项目:

static class ExtensionMethods
{
    public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> GetPermutations<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, int count)
    {
        IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> result = new[] { Enumerable.Empty<T>() }; 
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            result =  
                from seq in result 
                from item in source.Except(seq)
                select seq.Concat(new[] { item }); 
        } 
        return result;
    }
}

按如下方式使用它:(

IEnumerable<IEnumerable<FileInfo>> permutations = files.GetPermutations(9);

此解决方案的灵感来自 Eric Lippert 关于笛卡尔积的文章。)


编辑 2:

这是使用 Aggregate:

static class ExtensionMethods
{
    public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> GetPermutations2<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, int count)
    {
        IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> seed = new[] { Enumerable.Empty<T>() }; 
        return Enumerable.Repeat(source, count)
            .Aggregate(
                seed,
                (accumulator, sequence) =>
                    from acc in accumulator
                    from item in sequence.Except(acc)
                    select acc.Concat(new[] { item }));
    }
}

Easy with Linq:

IEnumerable<FileInfo[]> permutations =
    from a in files
    from b in files.Except(new[] { a })
    from c in files.Except(new[] { a, b })
    from d in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c })
    from e in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d })
    from f in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e })
    from g in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f })
    from h in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f, g })
    from i in files.Except(new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h })
    select new[] { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i };

EDIT:

Here's a generic solution, for any number of items:

static class ExtensionMethods
{
    public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> GetPermutations<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, int count)
    {
        IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> result = new[] { Enumerable.Empty<T>() }; 
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            result =  
                from seq in result 
                from item in source.Except(seq)
                select seq.Concat(new[] { item }); 
        } 
        return result;
    }
}

Use it as follows:

IEnumerable<IEnumerable<FileInfo>> permutations = files.GetPermutations(9);

(This solution is inspired by Eric Lippert's article about cartesian products.)


EDIT 2:

Here's a variant using Aggregate:

static class ExtensionMethods
{
    public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> GetPermutations2<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, int count)
    {
        IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> seed = new[] { Enumerable.Empty<T>() }; 
        return Enumerable.Repeat(source, count)
            .Aggregate(
                seed,
                (accumulator, sequence) =>
                    from acc in accumulator
                    from item in sequence.Except(acc)
                    select acc.Concat(new[] { item }));
    }
}
网名女生简单气质 2024-10-02 14:49:13

有多种算法可用于执行此操作。下面的页面列出了 3 个不同的:

计数并列出所有排列

There are various algorithms available for doing this. The page below lists 3 different ones:

Counting And Listing All Permutations

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