在 Android 中使用内容提供程序公开多个表的最佳实践

Question

我正在构建一个应用程序，其中有一张活动表和一张场地表。我希望能够授予其他应用程序访问此数据的权限。我有一些与此类问题的最佳实践相关的问题。

1. 我应该如何构建数据库类？ 我目前有 EventsDbAdapter 和 VenuesDbAdapter 类，它们提供查询每个表的逻辑，同时有一个单独的 DbManager （扩展 SQLiteOpenHelper）用于管理数据库版本、创建/升级数据库、提供对数据库的访问（getWriteable/ReadeableDatabase）。这是推荐的解决方案，还是我最好将所有内容合并到一个类（即 DbManager）或分离所有内容并让每个适配器扩展 SQLiteOpenHelper？

2. 我应该如何为多个表设计内容提供程序？ 延伸上一个问题，我应该为整个应用程序使用一个内容提供程序，还是应该为活动和场地创建单独的提供程序？

我发现的大多数示例仅涉及单表应用程序，因此我将不胜感激。

Answer 1

这对您来说可能有点晚了，但其他人可能会发现这很有用。

首先，您需要创建多个 CONTENT_URI

public static final Uri CONTENT_URI1 = 
    Uri.parse("content://"+ PROVIDER_NAME + "/sampleuri1");
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI2 = 
    Uri.parse("content://"+ PROVIDER_NAME + "/sampleuri2");

然后扩展 URI 匹配器

private static final UriMatcher uriMatcher;
static {
    uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
    uriMatcher.addURI(PROVIDER_NAME, "sampleuri1", SAMPLE1);
    uriMatcher.addURI(PROVIDER_NAME, "sampleuri1/#", SAMPLE1_ID);      
    uriMatcher.addURI(PROVIDER_NAME, "sampleuri2", SAMPLE2);
    uriMatcher.addURI(PROVIDER_NAME, "sampleuri2/#", SAMPLE2_ID);      
}

然后创建表

private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "sample.db";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE1 = "sample1";
private static final String DATABASE_TABLE2 = "sample2";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE1 =
    "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + DATABASE_TABLE1 + 
    " (" + _ID1 + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + 
    "data text, stuff text);";
private static final String DATABASE_CREATE2 =
    "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + DATABASE_TABLE2 + 
    " (" + _ID2 + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + 
    "data text, stuff text);";

不要忘记将第二个 DATABASE_CREATE 添加到 onCreate()

您将使用switch-case 块来确定使用哪个表。这是我的插入代码，

@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
    Uri _uri = null;
    switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
    case SAMPLE1:
        long _ID1 = db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE1, "", values);
        //---if added successfully---
        if (_ID1 > 0) {
            _uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(CONTENT_URI1, _ID1);
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(_uri, null);    
        }
        break;
    case SAMPLE2:
        long _ID2 = db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE2, "", values);
        //---if added successfully---
        if (_ID2 > 0) {
            _uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(CONTENT_URI2, _ID2);
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(_uri, null);    
        }
        break;
    default: throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
    }
    return _uri;                
}

您将需要划分 delete、update、getType 等。无论您的提供程序在何处调用 DATABASE_TABLE 或 CONTENT_URI，您都可以将添加一个案例，并在其中一个中包含 DATABASE_TABLE1 或 CONTENT_URI1，在下一个中包含 #2，依此类推，可以添加任意数量的案例。

Answer 2

我建议查看 Android 2.x ContactProvider 的源代码。 （可以在网上找到）。它们通过提供专门的视图来处理跨表查询，然后您可以在后端运行查询。在前端，调用者可以通过单个内容提供商通过各种不同的 URI 访问它们。您可能还需要提供一两个类来保存表字段名称和 URI 字符串的常量。这些类可以作为 API 包含或作为类中的下降提供，并且将使消费应用程序更容易使用。

它有点复杂，所以您可能还想查看日历，以了解您需要什么和不需要什么。

您应该只需要每个数据库（而不是每个表）一个数据库适配器和一个内容提供程序来完成大部分工作，但如果您确实愿意，可以使用多个适配器/提供程序。它只会让事情变得更复杂一些。

Answer 3

一个 ContentProvider 可以为多个表提供服务，但它们应该有一定的相关性。如果您打算同步您的提供商，这将会有所不同。如果您想要单独同步联系人、邮件或日历，则每个人都需要不同的提供程序，即使它们最终位于同一数据库中或与同一服务同步，因为同步适配器直接绑定到特定的提供商。

据我所知，每个数据库只能使用一个 SQLiteOpenHelper，因为它将其元信息存储在数据库内的表中。因此，如果您的 ContentProviders 访问同一个数据库，您就必须以某种方式共享 Helper。

Answer 4

注意：这是对 Opy 提供的答案的澄清/修改。

此方法使用 switch 语句细分每个 insert、delete、update 和 getType 方法，以便处理您的每张桌子。您将使用 CASE 来标识要引用的每个表（或 uri）。然后，每个 CASE 都会映射到您的一个表或 URI。例如，在案例#1 中为您的应用使用的所有表选择TABLE1 或URI1。

下面是该方法的一个示例。这是针对插入方法的。它的实现方式与 Opy 略有不同，但执行相同的功能。您可以选择您喜欢的风格。我还想确保即使表插入失败，插入也会返回一个值。在这种情况下，它会返回 -1。

  @Override
  public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
    int uriType = sURIMatcher.match(uri);
    SQLiteDatabase sqlDB; 

    long id = 0;
    switch (uriType){ 
        case TABLE1: 
            sqlDB = Table1Database.getWritableDatabase();
            id = sqlDB.insert(Table1.TABLE_NAME, null, values); 
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
            return Uri.parse(BASE_PATH1 + "/" + id);
        case TABLE2: 
            sqlDB = Table2Database.getWritableDatabase();
            id = sqlDB.insert(Table2.TABLE_NAME, null, values); 
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
            return Uri.parse(BASE_PATH2 + "/" + id);
        default: 
            throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri); 
            return -1;
    }       
  }  // [END insert]

Answer 5

我找到了 ContentProvider 的最佳演示和解释，我认为它遵循了 Android 标准。

合同类

 /**
   * The Content Authority is a name for the entire content provider, similar to the relationship
   * between a domain name and its website. A convenient string to use for content authority is
   * the package name for the app, since it is guaranteed to be unique on the device.
   */
  public static final String CONTENT_AUTHORITY = "com.androidessence.moviedatabase";

  /**
   * The content authority is used to create the base of all URIs which apps will use to
   * contact this content provider.
   */
  private static final Uri BASE_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + CONTENT_AUTHORITY);

  /**
   * A list of possible paths that will be appended to the base URI for each of the different
   * tables.
   */
  public static final String PATH_MOVIE = "movie";
  public static final String PATH_GENRE = "genre";

和内部类：

 /**
   * Create one class for each table that handles all information regarding the table schema and
   * the URIs related to it.
   */
  public static final class MovieEntry implements BaseColumns {
      // Content URI represents the base location for the table
      public static final Uri CONTENT_URI =
              BASE_CONTENT_URI.buildUpon().appendPath(PATH_MOVIE).build();

      // These are special type prefixes that specify if a URI returns a list or a specific item
      public static final String CONTENT_TYPE =
              "vnd.android.cursor.dir/" + CONTENT_URI  + "/" + PATH_MOVIE;
      public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE =
              "vnd.android.cursor.item/" + CONTENT_URI + "/" + PATH_MOVIE;

      // Define the table schema
      public static final String TABLE_NAME = "movieTable";
      public static final String COLUMN_NAME = "movieName";
      public static final String COLUMN_RELEASE_DATE = "movieReleaseDate";
      public static final String COLUMN_GENRE = "movieGenre";

      // Define a function to build a URI to find a specific movie by it's identifier
      public static Uri buildMovieUri(long id){
          return ContentUris.withAppendedId(CONTENT_URI, id);
      }
  }

  public static final class GenreEntry implements BaseColumns{
      public static final Uri CONTENT_URI =
              BASE_CONTENT_URI.buildUpon().appendPath(PATH_GENRE).build();

      public static final String CONTENT_TYPE =
              "vnd.android.cursor.dir/" + CONTENT_URI + "/" + PATH_GENRE;
      public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE =
              "vnd.android.cursor.item/" + CONTENT_URI + "/" + PATH_GENRE;

      public static final String TABLE_NAME = "genreTable";
      public static final String COLUMN_NAME = "genreName";

      public static Uri buildGenreUri(long id){
          return ContentUris.withAppendedId(CONTENT_URI, id);
      }
  }

现在使用SQLiteOpenHelper创建数据库：

public class MovieDBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
    /**
     * Defines the database version. This variable must be incremented in order for onUpdate to
     * be called when necessary.
     */
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
    /**
     * The name of the database on the device.
     */
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "movieList.db";

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     * @param context The application context using this database.
     */
    public MovieDBHelper(Context context){
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
    }

    /**
     * Called when the database is first created.
     * @param db The database being created, which all SQL statements will be executed on.
     */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        addGenreTable(db);
        addMovieTable(db);
    }

    /**
     * Called whenever DATABASE_VERSION is incremented. This is used whenever schema changes need
     * to be made or new tables are added.
     * @param db The database being updated.
     * @param oldVersion The previous version of the database. Used to determine whether or not
     *                   certain updates should be run.
     * @param newVersion The new version of the database.
     */
    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

    }

    /**
     * Inserts the genre table into the database.
     * @param db The SQLiteDatabase the table is being inserted into.
     */
    private void addGenreTable(SQLiteDatabase db){
        db.execSQL(
                "CREATE TABLE " + MovieContract.GenreEntry.TABLE_NAME + " (" +
                        MovieContract.GenreEntry._ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, " +
                        MovieContract.GenreEntry.COLUMN_NAME + " TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);"
        );
    }

    /**
     * Inserts the movie table into the database.
     * @param db The SQLiteDatabase the table is being inserted into.
     */
    private void addMovieTable(SQLiteDatabase db){
        db.execSQL(
                "CREATE TABLE " + MovieContract.MovieEntry.TABLE_NAME + " (" +
                        MovieContract.MovieEntry._ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, " +
                        MovieContract.MovieEntry.COLUMN_NAME + " TEXT NOT NULL, " +
                        MovieContract.MovieEntry.COLUMN_RELEASE_DATE + " TEXT NOT NULL, " +
                        MovieContract.MovieEntry.COLUMN_GENRE + " INTEGER NOT NULL, " +
                        "FOREIGN KEY (" + MovieContract.MovieEntry.COLUMN_GENRE + ") " +
                        "REFERENCES " + MovieContract.GenreEntry.TABLE_NAME + " (" + MovieContract.GenreEntry._ID + "));"
        );
    }
}

内容提供者：

public class MovieProvider extends ContentProvider {
    // Use an int for each URI we will run, this represents the different queries
    private static final int GENRE = 100;
    private static final int GENRE_ID = 101;
    private static final int MOVIE = 200;
    private static final int MOVIE_ID = 201;

    private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher = buildUriMatcher();
    private MovieDBHelper mOpenHelper;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        mOpenHelper = new MovieDBHelper(getContext());
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Builds a UriMatcher that is used to determine witch database request is being made.
     */
    public static UriMatcher buildUriMatcher(){
        String content = MovieContract.CONTENT_AUTHORITY;

        // All paths to the UriMatcher have a corresponding code to return
        // when a match is found (the ints above).
        UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        matcher.addURI(content, MovieContract.PATH_GENRE, GENRE);
        matcher.addURI(content, MovieContract.PATH_GENRE + "/#", GENRE_ID);
        matcher.addURI(content, MovieContract.PATH_MOVIE, MOVIE);
        matcher.addURI(content, MovieContract.PATH_MOVIE + "/#", MOVIE_ID);

        return matcher;
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case GENRE:
                return MovieContract.GenreEntry.CONTENT_TYPE;
            case GENRE_ID:
                return MovieContract.GenreEntry.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
            case MOVIE:
                return MovieContract.MovieEntry.CONTENT_TYPE;
            case MOVIE_ID:
                return MovieContract.MovieEntry.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown uri: " + uri);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        final SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        Cursor retCursor;
        switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case GENRE:
                retCursor = db.query(
                        MovieContract.GenreEntry.TABLE_NAME,
                        projection,
                        selection,
                        selectionArgs,
                        null,
                        null,
                        sortOrder
                );
                break;
            case GENRE_ID:
                long _id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                retCursor = db.query(
                        MovieContract.GenreEntry.TABLE_NAME,
                        projection,
                        MovieContract.GenreEntry._ID + " = ?",
                        new String[]{String.valueOf(_id)},
                        null,
                        null,
                        sortOrder
                );
                break;
            case MOVIE:
                retCursor = db.query(
                        MovieContract.MovieEntry.TABLE_NAME,
                        projection,
                        selection,
                        selectionArgs,
                        null,
                        null,
                        sortOrder
                );
                break;
            case MOVIE_ID:
                _id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                retCursor = db.query(
                        MovieContract.MovieEntry.TABLE_NAME,
                        projection,
                        MovieContract.MovieEntry._ID + " = ?",
                        new String[]{String.valueOf(_id)},
                        null,
                        null,
                        sortOrder
                );
                break;
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown uri: " + uri);
        }

        // Set the notification URI for the cursor to the one passed into the function. This
        // causes the cursor to register a content observer to watch for changes that happen to
        // this URI and any of it's descendants. By descendants, we mean any URI that begins
        // with this path.
        retCursor.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
        return retCursor;
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        final SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        long _id;
        Uri returnUri;

        switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case GENRE:
                _id = db.insert(MovieContract.GenreEntry.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
                if(_id > 0){
                    returnUri =  MovieContract.GenreEntry.buildGenreUri(_id);
                } else{
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unable to insert rows into: " + uri);
                }
                break;
            case MOVIE:
                _id = db.insert(MovieContract.MovieEntry.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
                if(_id > 0){
                    returnUri = MovieContract.MovieEntry.buildMovieUri(_id);
                } else{
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unable to insert rows into: " + uri);
                }
                break;
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown uri: " + uri);
        }

        // Use this on the URI passed into the function to notify any observers that the uri has
        // changed.
        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
        return returnUri;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        final SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        int rows; // Number of rows effected

        switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case GENRE:
                rows = db.delete(MovieContract.GenreEntry.TABLE_NAME, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case MOVIE:
                rows = db.delete(MovieContract.MovieEntry.TABLE_NAME, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown uri: " + uri);
        }

        // Because null could delete all rows:
        if(selection == null || rows != 0){
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
        }

        return rows;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        final SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        int rows;

        switch(sUriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case GENRE:
                rows = db.update(MovieContract.GenreEntry.TABLE_NAME, values, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case MOVIE:
                rows = db.update(MovieContract.MovieEntry.TABLE_NAME, values, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown uri: " + uri);
        }

        if(rows != 0){
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
        }

        return rows;
    }
}

我希望它会对您有所帮助。

GitHub 上的演示：https://github.com/androidessence/MovieDatabase

完整文章：https://guides.codepath.com/android/creating-内容提供者

参考：

• http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/android-sdk_content-providers--mobile-5549

• < p>http://www.grokkingandroid.com/android -tutorial-writing-your-own-content-provider/

• http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html

• https://thenewcircle.com/ s/post/1375/android_content_provider_tutorial

• http: //www.grokkingandroid.com/android-tutorial-content-provider-basics/

• http://androidessence.com/

注意：我复制代码只是因为演示或文章的链接将来可能会被删除。