如何定义类似于向量的向量的双括号/双迭代器运算符?

发布于 2024-09-24 09:01:57 字数 4737 浏览 10 评论 0原文

我正在移植使用非常大的浮点数组的代码,这可能会触发从 c 到 c++ 的 malloc 失败。我问了一个关于是否应该使用向量或双端队列的问题, Niki Yoshiuchi 慷慨地为我提供了这个安全包装的示例类型:

template<typename T>
class VectorDeque
{
private:
  enum TYPE { NONE, DEQUE, VECTOR };
  std::deque<T> m_d;
  std::vector<T> m_v;
  TYPE m_type;
  ...
public:
  void resize(size_t n)
  {
    switch(m_type)
    {
      case NONE:
      try
      {
        m_v.resize(n);
        m_type = VECTOR;
      }
      catch(std::bad_alloc &ba)
      {
        m_d.resize(n);
        m_type = DEQUE;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
};

我需要一个向量的二维向量/双端队列,所以我将其修改为以下代码:

template<typename T>
class VectorDeque
{
private:
  enum STORAGE_CONTAINER { NONE, DEQUE, VECTOR };
  std::deque<std::deque<T> > x_d,y_d,z_d;
  std::vector<std::vector<T> > x_v,y_v,z_v;
  TYPE my_container;
public:
  void resize(size_t num_atoms, size_t num_frames)
  {
    switch(m_type)
    {
      case NONE:
      try
      {
        x_v.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   x_v[counter].resize(num_frames);
        y_v.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   y_v[counter].resize(num_frames);
        z_v.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   z_v[counter].resize(num_frames);
        my_container = VECTOR;
      }
      catch(std::bad_alloc &e)
      {
        x_d.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   x_d[counter].resize(num_frames);
        y_d.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   y_d[counter].resize(num_frames);
        z_d.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   z_d[counter].resize(num_frames);
        my_container = DEQUE;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
};

我现在希望能够定义我的括号运算符,以便我可以有这样的语句 x[1][2] 直接访问我正在使用的真实内存容器(由我的枚举变量的值给出。

我见过几个关于覆盖括号运算符的教程,但肯定不知道如何重载双括号

此外,如何重载双迭代器(如果我想使用迭代器,而不是直接索引)。编辑

1:

根据 Martin York/Matteo Italia 的解决方案,我设计了以下类:

template<typename T>
class VectorDeque2D
{
public:

  class VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set
  {
    VectorDeque2D& parent;
    int   first_index;
  public:
    // Just init the temp object
    VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set(My2D& p, int first_Index) : 
      parent(p), 
      first_Index(first_index) {} 
    // Here we get the value.
    T& operator[](int second_index)  const 
    { return parent.get(first_index,second_index);}   
  };

  // Return an object that defines its own operator[] that will access the data.
  // The temp object is very trivial and just allows access to the data via 
  // operator[]
  VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set operator[](unsigned int first_index) { 
    return (*this, x);
  }


  void resize_first_index(unsigned int first_index) {
    try {
      my_vector.resize(first_index);
      my_container = VECTOR;
    }
    catch(std::bad_alloc &e) {
      my_deque.resize(first_index);
      my_container = DEQUE;
    }
  }

  void resize_second_index(unsigned int second_index) {
    try {
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_vector.size(); counter++) {
    my_vector[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = VECTOR;
    }
    catch(std::bad_alloc &e) {
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_deque.size(); counter++) {
    my_deque[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = DEQUE;
    }
  }
  void resize(unsigned int first_index,
          unsigned int second_index) {
    try {
      my_vector.resize(first_index);
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_vector.size(); counter++) {
    my_vector[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = VECTOR;
    }
    catch(std::bad_alloc &e) {
      my_deque.resize(first_index);
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_deque.size(); counter++) {
    my_deque[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = DEQUE;
    }    
  }
private:
  enum STORAGE_CONTAINER { NONE, DEQUE, VECTOR };

  friend class VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set;

  std::vector<std::vector<T> > my_vector;
  std::deque<std::deque<T> > my_deque;
  STORAGE_CONTAINER my_container;

  T& get(int x,int y) { 
    T temp_val;
    if(my_container == VECTOR) {
      temp_val = my_vector[first_index][second_index];
    }
    else if(my_container == DEQUE) {
      temp_val = my_deque[first_index][second_index];
    }

    return temp_val;
  }

};

终于是一个尺寸安全的 2D 容器了!

I'm porting code that uses a very large array of floats, which may trigger malloc failures from c to c++. I asked a question about whether I should use vectors or deques and Niki Yoshiuchi generously offered me this example of a safely wrapped type:

template<typename T>
class VectorDeque
{
private:
  enum TYPE { NONE, DEQUE, VECTOR };
  std::deque<T> m_d;
  std::vector<T> m_v;
  TYPE m_type;
  ...
public:
  void resize(size_t n)
  {
    switch(m_type)
    {
      case NONE:
      try
      {
        m_v.resize(n);
        m_type = VECTOR;
      }
      catch(std::bad_alloc &ba)
      {
        m_d.resize(n);
        m_type = DEQUE;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
};

I needed a 2D vector of vectors/deque of deques, so I modified it to the following code:

template<typename T>
class VectorDeque
{
private:
  enum STORAGE_CONTAINER { NONE, DEQUE, VECTOR };
  std::deque<std::deque<T> > x_d,y_d,z_d;
  std::vector<std::vector<T> > x_v,y_v,z_v;
  TYPE my_container;
public:
  void resize(size_t num_atoms, size_t num_frames)
  {
    switch(m_type)
    {
      case NONE:
      try
      {
        x_v.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   x_v[counter].resize(num_frames);
        y_v.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   y_v[counter].resize(num_frames);
        z_v.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   z_v[counter].resize(num_frames);
        my_container = VECTOR;
      }
      catch(std::bad_alloc &e)
      {
        x_d.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   x_d[counter].resize(num_frames);
        y_d.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   y_d[counter].resize(num_frames);
        z_d.resize(num_atoms);
 for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < num_frames; counter++)
   z_d[counter].resize(num_frames);
        my_container = DEQUE;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
};

I now want to be able to define my bracket operators so that I can have a statement like
x[1][2] directly access whichever is the real memory container I'm using (given by the value of my enumerated variable.

I've seen a couple of tutorials floating around about overriding the brackets operator, but have positively no idea to override double brackets.

How can you overload double brackets?

Additionally, how would you overload double iterators (in case I want to use an iterator, as opposed to direct indexing)?

EDIT 1:

Based on the solution from Martin York/Matteo Italia I devised the following class:

template<typename T>
class VectorDeque2D
{
public:

  class VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set
  {
    VectorDeque2D& parent;
    int   first_index;
  public:
    // Just init the temp object
    VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set(My2D& p, int first_Index) : 
      parent(p), 
      first_Index(first_index) {} 
    // Here we get the value.
    T& operator[](int second_index)  const 
    { return parent.get(first_index,second_index);}   
  };

  // Return an object that defines its own operator[] that will access the data.
  // The temp object is very trivial and just allows access to the data via 
  // operator[]
  VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set operator[](unsigned int first_index) { 
    return (*this, x);
  }


  void resize_first_index(unsigned int first_index) {
    try {
      my_vector.resize(first_index);
      my_container = VECTOR;
    }
    catch(std::bad_alloc &e) {
      my_deque.resize(first_index);
      my_container = DEQUE;
    }
  }

  void resize_second_index(unsigned int second_index) {
    try {
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_vector.size(); counter++) {
    my_vector[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = VECTOR;
    }
    catch(std::bad_alloc &e) {
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_deque.size(); counter++) {
    my_deque[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = DEQUE;
    }
  }
  void resize(unsigned int first_index,
          unsigned int second_index) {
    try {
      my_vector.resize(first_index);
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_vector.size(); counter++) {
    my_vector[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = VECTOR;
    }
    catch(std::bad_alloc &e) {
      my_deque.resize(first_index);
      for (unsigned int couter=0;couter < my_deque.size(); counter++) {
    my_deque[counter].resize(second_index);
      }
      my_container = DEQUE;
    }    
  }
private:
  enum STORAGE_CONTAINER { NONE, DEQUE, VECTOR };

  friend class VectorDeque2D_Inner_Set;

  std::vector<std::vector<T> > my_vector;
  std::deque<std::deque<T> > my_deque;
  STORAGE_CONTAINER my_container;

  T& get(int x,int y) { 
    T temp_val;
    if(my_container == VECTOR) {
      temp_val = my_vector[first_index][second_index];
    }
    else if(my_container == DEQUE) {
      temp_val = my_deque[first_index][second_index];
    }

    return temp_val;
  }

};

Finally a size-safe 2D container!! Thanks guys!

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评论(5

话少情深 2024-10-01 09:01:57

主要有两种技术:

1)使用operator()而不是operator[]。
这是因为operator()允许多个参数。

class My2D
{
    public:
       int&   operator()(int x,int y)  { return pget(x,y);}
    private:
       int&   pget(int x,int y) { /* retrieve data from 2D storage */ }
};

2)使用operator[]但返回一个中间对象。
然后,您可以将第二个运算符[]应用于中间对象。

class My2D
{
    public:
       class My2DRow
       {
           My2D& parent;
           int   x;
           public:
               My2DRow(My2D& p, int theX) : parent(p), x(theX) {}     // Just init the temp object
               int& operator[](int y)  const { return parent.pget(x,y);}   // Here we get the value.
       };

       // Return an object that defines its own operator[] that will access the data.
       // The temp object is very trivial and just allows access to the data via operator[]
       My2DRow operator[](int x)        { return My2DRow(*this, x);}
    private:
       friend class My2DRow;
       int&   pget(int x,int y) { /* retrieve data from 2D storage */ }
};

int main()
{
    My2D   data;
    int&   val = data[1][2]; // works fine.

    // This is the same as
    My2D::My2DRow row  = data[1];
    int&          val2 = row[2]; 
}

我更喜欢第二种技术。
这是因为它使原始代码保持不变并且更自然地阅读(在数组上下文中)。当然,您要为高层的简单性付出代价,使用稍微复杂的代码来实现 2D 数组。

There are two main techniques:

1) Use operator() rather than operator[].
This is because the operator() allows multiple parameters.

class My2D
{
    public:
       int&   operator()(int x,int y)  { return pget(x,y);}
    private:
       int&   pget(int x,int y) { /* retrieve data from 2D storage */ }
};

2) Use operator[] but return an intermediate object.
You can then apply the second operator[] to the intermediate object.

class My2D
{
    public:
       class My2DRow
       {
           My2D& parent;
           int   x;
           public:
               My2DRow(My2D& p, int theX) : parent(p), x(theX) {}     // Just init the temp object
               int& operator[](int y)  const { return parent.pget(x,y);}   // Here we get the value.
       };

       // Return an object that defines its own operator[] that will access the data.
       // The temp object is very trivial and just allows access to the data via operator[]
       My2DRow operator[](int x)        { return My2DRow(*this, x);}
    private:
       friend class My2DRow;
       int&   pget(int x,int y) { /* retrieve data from 2D storage */ }
};

int main()
{
    My2D   data;
    int&   val = data[1][2]; // works fine.

    // This is the same as
    My2D::My2DRow row  = data[1];
    int&          val2 = row[2]; 
}

I prefer the second technique.
This is because it leaves the original code untouched and more natural to read (in an array context). Of course you pay for the simplicity at the high level with slightly more complex code implementing your 2D array.

慵挽 2024-10-01 09:01:57

如何重载双括号?

我没有完全理解你的问题,但你必须重载括号,并让它们返回一个重载其自己的括号运算符的对象。

例如,如果您有一个向量的向量,则工作已经完成:向量 <向量<某事> > 重载 operator[],它返回一个 vector某事>;这反过来又重载了它的方括号运算符(并且它返回一个 something 对象),因此您可以简单地执行以下操作:

vector<vector<something> > vec;
// ...
something s = vec[2][3];


Example with a proxy object:

template <typename T>
class Container
{
private:
    // ...


public:

    // Proxy object used to provide the second brackets
    template <typename T>
    class OperatorBracketHelper
    {
        Container<T> & parent;
        size_t firstIndex;
    public:
        OperatorBracketHelper(Container<T> & Parent, size_t FirstIndex) : parent(Parent), firstIndex(FirstIndex) {}

        // This is the method called for the "second brackets"
        T & operator[](size_t SecondIndex)
        {
            // Call the parent GetElement method which will actually retrieve the element
            return parent.GetElement(firstIndex, SecondIndex);
        }

    }

    // This is the method called for the "first brackets"
    OperatorBracketHelper<T> operator[](size_t FirstIndex)
    {
        // Return a proxy object that "knows" to which container it has to ask the element
        // and which is the first index (specified in this call)
        return OperatorBracketHelper<T>(*this, FirstIndex);
    }

    T & GetElement(size_t FirstIndex, size_t SecondIndex)
    {
        // Here the actual element retrieval is done
        // ...
    }
}

(在适当的地方添加重载的 const 方法 :) )

请注意,使用此方法,您在 operator() 实现方面几乎没有任何损失,因为检索仍然在一个位置完成,而不受使用两个索引,在执行检索时具有两个索引,并且不返回“胖”临时对象(OperatorBracketHelper 就像两个指针一样大,并且可以通过编译器)。

How can you overload double brackets?

I didn't fully understand your question, but you have to overload brackets, and make them return an object who overloads its own bracket operator.

For example, if you have a vector of vectors, the work is already done: vector < vector < something > > overloads operator[], which returns a vector< something >; this, in turn, has its bracket operator overloaded (and it returns a something object), so you can simply do:

vector<vector<something> > vec;
// ...
something s = vec[2][3];


Example with a proxy object:

template <typename T>
class Container
{
private:
    // ...


public:

    // Proxy object used to provide the second brackets
    template <typename T>
    class OperatorBracketHelper
    {
        Container<T> & parent;
        size_t firstIndex;
    public:
        OperatorBracketHelper(Container<T> & Parent, size_t FirstIndex) : parent(Parent), firstIndex(FirstIndex) {}

        // This is the method called for the "second brackets"
        T & operator[](size_t SecondIndex)
        {
            // Call the parent GetElement method which will actually retrieve the element
            return parent.GetElement(firstIndex, SecondIndex);
        }

    }

    // This is the method called for the "first brackets"
    OperatorBracketHelper<T> operator[](size_t FirstIndex)
    {
        // Return a proxy object that "knows" to which container it has to ask the element
        // and which is the first index (specified in this call)
        return OperatorBracketHelper<T>(*this, FirstIndex);
    }

    T & GetElement(size_t FirstIndex, size_t SecondIndex)
    {
        // Here the actual element retrieval is done
        // ...
    }
}

(add overloaded const methods wherever appropriate :) )

Note that with this method you lose almost nothing in respect to an operator() implementation, since the retrieval is still done in one single place, without constraints on the usage of the two indexes, having both indexes at the moment of performing the retrieval, and without returning "fat" temporary objects (OperatorBracketHelper is just as big as two pointers, and can be easily optimized away by the compiler).

三岁铭 2024-10-01 09:01:57

C++ 中没有“双括号”运算符。您需要做的是定义一个 [] 运算符并让它返回对另一个对象的引用,该对象又可以响应其自己的 [] 运算符。可以根据需要嵌套任意多的层数。

例如,当您创建向量的向量时,外部向量上的 [] 运算符将返回对内部向量之一的引用;该向量上的 [] 运算符返回对该向量的单个元素的引用。

std::vector<std::vector<float> > example;
std::vector<float> & first = example[0];  // the first level returns a reference to a vector
float & second = example[0][0];  // the same as first[0]

There is no "double brackets" operator in C++. What you need to do is define a single [] operator and have it return a reference to another object, which can in turn respond to its own [] operator. This can be nested as many levels deep as you require.

For example, when you create a vector of vectors, the [] operator on the outer vector returns a reference to one of the inner vectors; the [] operator on that vector returns a reference to an individual element of the vector.

std::vector<std::vector<float> > example;
std::vector<float> & first = example[0];  // the first level returns a reference to a vector
float & second = example[0][0];  // the same as first[0]
柠北森屋 2024-10-01 09:01:57

不要重载 [] 运算符,重载 () 运算符。

请参阅此链接:重载下标运算符。

我强烈建议您在发布到 Stack Overflow 之前至少阅读一次 C++ FAQ Lite。此外,搜索 Stack Overflow 也可能会产生一些有用的信息。

Don't overload the [] operator, overload the () operator.

See this link:Overloading Subscript Operator.

I highly suggest reading through the C++ FAQ Lite at least once before posting to Stack Overflow. Also, searching Stack Overflow may yield some useful information also.

无边思念无边月 2024-10-01 09:01:57

我在 中介绍了多维数组的重载运算符[]回答上一个问题

我可能会非常类似地处理迭代器:有一个迭代器代表多维数组的“切片”(行或列),然后另一个迭代器代表该切片中的元素。

I covered overloading operator[] for a multi-dimensional array in an answer to a previous question.

I'd probably deal with iterators pretty similarly: Have one iterator that represents a "slice" (row or column) of the multi-dimensional array, and then another that represents an element in that slice.

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