对带有异常的字符串进行标题转换

Question

Python 中是否有一种标准方法来对字符串进行标题大写（即单词以大写字符开头，所有剩余的大小写字符均为小写），但保留诸如 and、in 和 < code>of 小写？

Answer 1

这有一些问题。如果使用 split 和 join，一些空白字符将被忽略。内置的大写和标题方法不会忽略空格。

>>> 'There     is a way'.title()
'There     Is A Way'

如果句子以文章开头，则您不希望标题的第一个单词为小写。

记住这些：

import re 
def title_except(s, exceptions):
    word_list = re.split(' ', s)       # re.split behaves as expected
    final = [word_list[0].capitalize()]
    for word in word_list[1:]:
        final.append(word if word in exceptions else word.capitalize())
    return " ".join(final)

articles = ['a', 'an', 'of', 'the', 'is']
print title_except('there is a    way', articles)
# There is a    Way
print title_except('a whim   of an elephant', articles)
# A Whim   of an Elephant

Answer 2

使用 titlecase.py 模块！仅适用于英语。

>>> from titlecase import titlecase
>>> titlecase('i am a foobar bazbar')
'I Am a Foobar Bazbar'

GitHub：https://github.com/ppannuto/python-titlecase

Answer 3

有这些方法：

>>> mytext = u'i am a foobar bazbar'
>>> print mytext.capitalize()
I am a foobar bazbar
>>> print mytext.title()
I Am A Foobar Bazbar

没有小写冠词选项。您必须自己编写代码，可能是使用您想要降低的文章列表。

Answer 4

Stuart Colville 制作了一个 Python 端口 John Gruber 编写的 Perl 脚本，用于将字符串转换为标题大小写，但根据规则避免大写小单词来自《纽约时报》风格手册，并满足一些特殊情况。

这些脚本的一些聪明之处在于：

• 它们将 if、in、of、on 等小单词大写，但如果输入中错误地大写，则会取消它们的大写。

• 脚本假定第一个字符以外的大写字母的单词已经正确大写。这意味着他们将单独保留像“iTunes”这样的单词，而不是将其改写为“iTunes”，或更糟糕的是“Itunes”。

• 他们会跳过任何带有线点的单词； “example.com”和“del.icio.us”将保持小写。

• 他们有专门处理奇怪情况的硬编码技巧，例如“AT&T”和“Q&A”，这两个词都包含通常应为小写的小单词（at 和 a）。

• 标题的第一个和最后一个单词始终大写，因此输入“没什么好害怕的”将变成“没什么好害怕的”。

• 冒号后面的小单词将大写。

您可以在此处下载它。

Answer 5

capitalize (word)

这应该可以。我有不同的理解。

>>> mytext = u'i am a foobar bazbar'
>>> mytext.capitalize()
u'I am a foobar bazbar'
>>>

好的，正如上面回复中所说，您必须自定义大写：

mytext = u'i am a foobar bazbar'

def xcaptilize(word):
    skipList = ['a', 'an', 'the', 'am']
    if word not in skipList:
        return word.capitalize()
    return word

k = mytext.split(" ") 
l = map(xcaptilize, k)
print " ".join(l)   

此输出

I am a Foobar Bazbar

Answer 6

 not_these = ['a','the', 'of']
thestring = 'the secret of a disappointed programmer'
print ' '.join(word
               if word in not_these
               else word.title()
               for word in thestring.capitalize().split(' '))
"""Output:
The Secret of a Disappointed Programmer
"""

标题以大写单词开头，与文章不匹配。

Answer 7

Python 2.7 的 title 方法有一个缺陷。

value.title()

当值为 Carpenter's Assistant 时，将返回 Carpenter'S Assistant

最好的解决方案可能是 @BioGeek 使用 Stuart Colville 的标题的解决方案。这与@Etienne 提出的解决方案相同。

Answer 8

使用列表理解和三元运算符的单行

reslt = " ".join([word.title() if word not in "the a on in of an" else word for word in "Wow, a python one liner for titles".split(" ")])
print(reslt)

分解：

for word in "Wow, a python oneliner fortitles".split(" ") 将字符串拆分为列表并启动 for 循环（在列表理解中）

word.title() if word not in "the a on in of an" else word 使用本机方法 title() 标题大小写，如果不是文章，则字符串

" ".join 使用分隔符（空格）连接列表元素

Answer 9

未考虑的一个重要情况是首字母缩略词（如果您明确提供首字母缩略词作为例外，python-titlecase 解决方案可以处理首字母缩略词）。我更喜欢简单地避免下套管。通过这种方法，已经是大写的首字母缩略词仍保持大写。以下代码是对 dheerosaur 最初提供的代码的修改。

# This is an attempt to provide an alternative to ''.title() that works with 
# acronyms.
# There are several tricky cases to worry about in typical order of importance:
# 0. Upper case first letter of each word that is not an 'minor' word.
# 1. Always upper case first word.
# 2. Do not down case acronyms
# 3. Quotes
# 4. Hyphenated words: drive-in
# 5. Titles within titles: 2001 A Space Odyssey
# 6. Maintain leading spacing
# 7. Maintain given spacing: This is a test.  This is only a test.

# The following code addresses 0-3 & 7.  It was felt that addressing the others 
# would add considerable complexity.


def titlecase(
    s,
    exceptions = (
        'and', 'or', 'nor', 'but', 'a', 'an', 'and', 'the', 'as', 'at', 'by',
        'for', 'in', 'of', 'on', 'per', 'to'
    )
):
    words = s.strip().split(' ')
        # split on single space to maintain word spacing
        # remove leading and trailing spaces -- needed for first word casing

    def upper(s):
        if s:
            if s[0] in '‘“"‛‟' + "'":
                return s[0] + upper(s[1:])
            return s[0].upper() + s[1:]
        return ''

    # always capitalize the first word
    first = upper(words[0])

    return ' '.join([first] + [
        word if word.lower() in exceptions else upper(word)
        for word in words[1:]
    ])


cases = '''
    CDC warns about "aggressive" rats as coronavirus shuts down restaurants
    L.A. County opens churches, stores, pools, drive-in theaters
    UConn senior accused of killing two men was looking for young woman
    Giant asteroid that killed the dinosaurs slammed into Earth at ‘deadliest possible angle,’ study reveals
    Maintain given spacing: This is a test.  This is only a test.
'''.strip().splitlines()

for case in cases:
    print(titlecase(case))

运行时，它会产生以下结果：

CDC Warns About "Aggressive" Rats as Coronavirus Shuts Down Restaurants L.A. County Opens Churches, Stores, Pools, Drive-in Theaters
UConn Senior Accused of Killing Two Men Was Looking for Young Woman
Giant Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs Slammed Into Earth at ‘Deadliest Possible Angle,’ Study Reveals
Maintain Given Spacing: This Is a Test.  This Is Only a Test.