如何关闭 EasyMock 对象的录制？

Question

我正在使用 EasyMock 对象作为 HttpServletRequest 和 HttpServletResponse 参数来测试 servlet 的 doPost() 方法。在 doPost() 方法中，我正在测试请求和响应对象用作另一个类的静态方法类的参数，并且我想忽略（即不按预期记录）所做的任何调用在此方法调用中的请求和响应对象上（无论如何，它与此测试无关）。例如，我正在测试的 servlet 类的 doPost() 方法如下所示：

@Override
protected void doPost(final HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
                      final HttpServletResponse servletResponse)
    throws ServletException, IOException
{
    // handle an "updateFolder" event
    String eventParameter = servletRequest.getParameter("event");
    if ("updateFolder".equalsIgnoreCase(eventParameter))
    {
        // update the news documents folder settings
        String folderId = servletRequest.getParameter("folderId");
        IPortletContext portletContext = PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext(servletRequest, servletResponse);
        IPortletResponse portletResponse = portletContext.getResponse();
        portletResponse.setSettingValue(SettingType.CommunityPortlet, "NEWS_DOCUMENTS_FOLDER_ID", folderId);
    }

    // redirect to the appropriate URL
    servletResponse.sendRedirect(redirectUrl);
}

当上面的代码到达调用 PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext() 的步骤时，我并不真正关心对该方法中的请求和响应对象进行什么方法调用，但是如果我在测试此方法时传入模拟请求和响应对象，我会从 EasyMock 收到错误，告诉我缺少行为定义。例如，我有一个如下所示的测试方法：

@Test
public void testPostWithUpdate()
    throws Exception
{
    // create mock objects and record their expected calls
    HttpServletRequest mockServletRequest = createMock(HttpServletRequest.class);
    HttpServletResponse mockServletResponse = createMock(HttpServletResponse.class);
    IPortletResponse mockPortletResponse = createMock(IPortletResponse.class);
    IPortletContext mockPortletContext = createMock(IPortletContext.class);
    expect(mockServletRequest.getContextPath()).andReturn(null);
    expect(mockServletRequest.getParameter("event")).andReturn("updateFolder");
    expect(mockServletRequest.getParameter("folderId")).andReturn(null);
    expect(PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext(mockServletRequest, mockServletResponse)).andReturn(mockPortletContext);
    expect(mockPortletContext.getResponse()).andReturn(mockPortletResponse);
    mockPortletResponse.setSettingValue(SettingType.CommunityPortlet, "NEWS_DOCUMENTS_FOLDER_ID", null);
    mockServletResponse.sendRedirect(EasyMock.anyObject(String.class));

    // take the mock objects out of record state
    replay(mockPortletContext, mockPortletResponse, mockServletRequest, mockServletResponse);

    // instantiate an object of the class and run the method we want to test
    ControllerServlet controllerServlet = new ControllerServlet();
    controllerServlet.doPost(mockServletRequest, mockServletResponse);

    // verify that our mocks behaved as expected
    verify(mockPortletContext, mockPortletResponse, mockServletRequest, mockServletResponse);
}

运行测试类时出现以下错误：

com.plumtree.openfoundation.util.XPIllegalStateException: missing behavior definition for the preceding method call getCharacterEncoding()
    at com.plumtree.openfoundation.util.XPException.GetInstance(XPException.java:397)
    at com.plumtree.openfoundation.util.XPException.GetInstance(XPException.java:350)
    at com.plumtree.openfoundation.web.XPRequest.InitRequest(XPRequest.java:201)
    at com.plumtree.openfoundation.web.XPRequest.<init>(XPRequest.java:111)
    at com.plumtree.remote.portlet.PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext(PortletContextFactory.java:32)
    at com.abc.servlet.ControllerServletTest.testPostWithUpdate(ControllerServletTest.java:31)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: missing behavior definition for the preceding method call getCharacterEncoding()
    at org.easymock.internal.MockInvocationHandler.invoke(MockInvocationHandler.java:43)
    at org.easymock.internal.ObjectMethodsFilter.invoke(ObjectMethodsFilter.java:73)
    at $Proxy4.setCharacterEncoding(Unknown Source)
    at com.plumtree.openfoundation.web.XPRequest.InitRequest(XPRequest.java:135)
    ... 25 more

我假设上述错误是由于未记录在 PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext()< 中执行的方法调用引起的作为参数传入的模拟请求和响应对象上的 /code> 方法。如果这确实是这里发生的情况，那么我如何重新处理事情，以便忽略 PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext() 方法对请求和响应模拟进行的方法调用？

Answer 1

尝试 Mockito http://mockito.org/。

EasyMock 使用起来要容易得多，并且不会强迫您编写所有方法调用的代码。

Answer 2

也许您需要这样的东西：

expect(mockServletRequest.getCharacterEncoding()).andReturn("UTF-8");

或者按照 Péter Török 的建议使用 createNiceMock() 。

Answer 3

您需要模拟 PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext 调用。 EasyMock 本身不支持静态方法模拟，但 EasyMock 的 PowerMock 扩展支持。以下是您应该插入到测试中的示例代码：

mockStatic(PortletContextFactory.class);     
expect(PortletContextFactory.createPortletContext(mockServletRequest, mockServletResponse)).andReturn(mockPortletContext);
replay(PortletContextFactory.class);

还有 2 个要求：

1. 使用
   @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
   类级别的注释
   测试用例。
2. 在测试用例的类级别使用 @PrepareForTest(PortletContextFactory.class) 注释。

欲了解更多信息，请访问：http://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockStatic

Answer 4

在类似场景中进行测试的替代方法：

class Class_Under_Test {
  public void A() {
    B b = C.create(); //create is static
    D d = e.(b);
  }
}

要解决 EasyMock 中的静态引用问题，您可以将方法定义更改为：

@VisibleForTesting
B create() {
  return C.create();
}

public A() {
  B b = create();
  D d = e.(b); 
}

在您的测试类中，您可以执行以下操作：

Class testSomething {

  private Mock_Class_Under_Test mockOject;//Class Defined below 
  private B mockB;

  @Override
  void setup() {
    mockB  =createMock(B.class);
  }  

  private class Mock_Class_Under_Test extends Class_Under_Test {

      @Override
      B create() {
        return mockB;
      }
  }

  public void testA() {
    //No need to put expectation on static call as create() will always return mock.
    expect(e.something(mockB)).andReturn(somethingElse);   
  }
}

所有进一步的测试将使用 mockObject 来调用 Class_Under_Test 的方法。

Answer 5

要关闭录音，请使用一个很好的模拟。从文档中：

在createMock()返回的模拟对象上，所有的默认行为
方法的目的是为所有意外的方法调用抛出一个 AssertionError 。
如果您想要一个“漂亮”的模拟对象，默认情况下允许所有
方法调用并返回适当的空值（0、null 或 false），
请改用createNiceMock()。

另外，更一般地说，您想要模拟的是createPortletContext(servletRequest, servletResponse)。不幸的是，这是一个静态调用。
要实现此模拟，请创建您自己的将返回 portletContext 的工厂，并将该工厂传递给您测试的类（最好在构造函数中）。
也模拟这个工厂和 portletContext，这样您就可以只测试这里重要的内容：您编写的代码。