网站可访问性：要测试哪些屏幕阅读器等，以及如何测试？
我们正在编写的网站需要“可访问”。问题是，虽然我们了解一般概念（语义布局、图像上的替代文本、Javascript 上的灯光等），但我们对市场上实际存在的屏幕阅读器产品或其他可访问的浏览器并没有太多了解，并且/或一般使用，也不知道如何针对它们进行测试。
所以问题是：
- 我们需要了解哪些产品？
- 抓住它们进行测试是否明智（甚至有用）？
- 我们是否应该考虑任何 QA 流程来帮助我们（我们进行了大量的自动化浏览器测试 [Selenium]，以确保我们不会对普通用户造成任何破坏；我们可以/应该对屏幕阅读器做同样的事情吗？）
预先感谢您的任何提示。
The web site that we're writing needs to be "Accessible". The trouble is, while we understand the general conepts (semantic latout, alt text on images, light on Javascript, etc etc), we don't really have much knowledge of what screen reader products or other accessible browser are actually on the market and/or in general use, nor how to test against them.
So the questions are:
- What products do we need to know about?
- Would it be sensible (or even useful) to get hold of them to test against?
- Are there any QA processes we should be looking at to assist us (we do a lot of automated browser testing [Selenium] to ensure we don't break anything for regular users; can we/should we do the same for screen readers?)
Thanks in advance for any tips.
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除了 Jared 的回答：对于非屏幕阅读器视觉辅助功能测试，我发现一个简单且易于使用的测试工具是灰度打印机。这会让您（粗略地）知道您是否有足够的对比度来应对那些患有色盲或其他对比度问题的人等，以及您是否在其中隐藏了任何过于依赖颜色来获取信息的图像。这不是全部，但这是一个简单的第一次测试。
In addition to Jared's answer: For the non screen reader visual accessibility testing, I've found that a simple and easily available test tool is a gray scale printer. This will let you know (roughly) if you have enough contrast for those who have a form of color blindness or other issues with contrast, etc and whether you've snuck any images in that are relying too much on color for information. It's not the be all and end all, but it's an easy first test.
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正如问题所暗示的，如果您想要良好的屏幕阅读测试，您要么需要聘请具有丰富屏幕阅读器经验的人为您进行测试，要么投入时间让开发人员和/或 QA 很好地学习屏幕阅读器。据我所知，没有什么比 Selenium 更能模拟屏幕阅读器如何处理网站的。有关辅助功能的一般信息，请参阅
http://www.w3.org/WAI/gettingstarted/
这似乎有很多好的信息，涵盖了各种可访问性，而不仅仅是失明。
有关检查 html 可访问性的工具列表，请参阅
http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/tools/complete。 html
尽管这些工具会有所帮助，但它们并不能替代屏幕阅读测试。有关仅依赖自动化工具的一些问题的讨论，请参阅
http://www.webcredible.co。英国/用户友好的资源/web-accessibility/automated-tools.shtml
See this question
As the question implies if you want good screen reading testing you either need to hire someone to do the testing for you that has a lot of screen reader experience or invest the time in having developers and or QA learn a screen reader well. To my knolidge there is nothing like Selenium that can simulate how a screen reader handles a website. FOr general info on accessibility see
http://www.w3.org/WAI/gettingstarted/
This appears to have a lot of good information and covers all kinds of accessibility, not just blindness.
For a list of tools to check html accessibility see
http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/tools/complete.html
Although these tools will help they are not a substitute for screen reading testing. For a discussion of some of the problems with relying only on automated tools see
http://www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendly-resources/web-accessibility/automated-tools.shtml
由于您已经在使用 Selenium 来测试您的网站，因此您可以轻松集成诸如 Continuum，它可以扫描页面以查找使用辅助技术的人会注意到的可访问性问题，并将其放入您现有的测试框架中。如果您愿意，可以查看 API 文档推出您自己的解决方案，或者 webaccessibility.com 上的免费 Java 和 JavaScript 示例项目，您可以从中获得灵感。
正如其他人指出的那样，自动化可访问性测试并不能涵盖所有内容，因为没有什么比专家所做的手动测试更好的了，但是进行某种自动化测试来覆盖您的基础是一个好主意，并且有丰富的技术现在可以帮助您轻松做到这一点。
Since you're already using Selenium to test your site, you can easily integrate something like Continuum, which can scan a page for accessibility concerns that would be noticeable by someone using assistive technologies, into your existing test framework. There's API documentation if you'd like to roll your own solution, or free Java and JavaScript sample projects on webaccessibility.com you can use for inspiration.
As others have noted, automated accessibility testing isn't going to catch everything as nothing compares to manual testing done by experts, but it's a good idea to do some kind of automated testing just to cover your bases, and there are a wealth of technologies out there these days that can help you do that very easily.