无法释放内存
gcc 4.4.4 c89
我有以下功能,但无法释放内存。我在 Valgrind 中收到的消息是怀疑 getline 函数。但是,我在函数末尾释放了文件指针。所以不可能是这样的。
我有一个指向 char 'candidate_names' 的指针的全局数组。但是,我没有为其分配任何内存。
非常感谢您的任何建议,
我在 valgrind 中收到的消息如下。
HEAP SUMMARY:
==4021== in use at exit: 840 bytes in 7 blocks
==4021== total heap usage: 22 allocs, 15 frees, 1,332 bytes allocated
==4021==
==4021== Searching for pointers to 7 not-freed blocks
==4021== Checked 48,412 bytes
==4021==
==4021== 840 bytes in 7 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 1
==4021== at 0x4005BDC: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:195)
==4021== by 0xAAE38D: getdelim (iogetdelim.c:68)
==4021== by 0xAAADD2: getline (getline.c:34)
==4021== by 0x804892B: load_candidates (candidate.c:61)
==4021== by 0x8048686: main (driver.c:24)
我的源代码:
#define NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES 7
static char *candidate_names[NAME_SIZE] = {0};
int load_candidates()
{
FILE *fp = NULL;
size_t i = 0;
ssize_t read = 0;
size_t n = 0;
char *found = NULL;
fp = fopen("votes.txt", "r");
/* open the votes file */
if(fp == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open votes file [ %s ]\n", strerror(errno));
return FALSE;
}
/* fill the structure with candidates */
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; ) {
read = getline(&candidate_names[i], &n ,fp);
if(read == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read candidate [ %d ] [ %s ]\n",
i, strerror(errno));
candidate_names[i] = "Invalid candidate";
i++;
continue;
}
/* Just ignore the key work in the text file */
if(strcmp("CANDIDATES\n", candidate_names[i]) != 0) {
/* Find and remove the carriage return */
found = strchr(candidate_names[i], '\n');
if(found != NULL) {
/* Remove the carriage return by nul terminating */
*found = '\0';
}
i++;
}
}
fclose(fp);
return TRUE;
}
编辑 ========= 释放候选人名称 ======
All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==4364==
==4364== ERROR SUMMARY: 84 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 12 from 8)
==4364==
==4364== 42 errors in context 1 of 2:
==4364== Invalid free() / delete / delete[]
==4364== at 0x40057F6: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==4364== by 0x8048A95: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:107)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
==4364== Address 0x401e1b8 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 120 free'd
==4364== at 0x40057F6: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==4364== by 0x8048A95: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:107)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
==4364==
==4364==
==4364== 42 errors in context 2 of 2:
==4364== Invalid read of size 1
==4364== at 0x400730E: strcmp (mc_replace_strmem.c:426)
==4364== by 0x8048A7F: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:106)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
==4364== Address 0x401e1b8 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 120 free'd
==4364== at 0x40057F6: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==4364== by 0x8048A95: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:107)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
void destroy_candidate()
{
size_t i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
if(strcmp(candidate_names[i], "Invalid candidate") != 0) {
free(candidate_names[i]);
}
}
}
使用 main.c 中的代码进行编辑 =======================
typedef struct Candidate_data_t {
size_t candidate_data_id;
Candidates_t *candidate;
} Candidate_data;
static Candidate_data* create_candidate_data(Candidates_t *candidate, size_t i);
static void destroy_candidata_data(Candidate_data *cand_data);
int main(void)
{
Candidates_t *candidate = NULL;
Candidate_data *cand_data[NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES] = {0};
size_t i = 0;
load_candidates();
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
candidate = create_candidates(i);
if(candidate == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot failed to initalize candidate [ %d ]\n", i);
}
/* Create array of candidates */
cand_data[i] = create_candidate_data(candidate, i);
fill_candidates(cand_data[i]->candidate);
}
/* Display each candidate */
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
display_candidate(cand_data[i]->candidate);
printf("\n");
}
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
destroy_candidata_data(cand_data[i]);
}
return 0;
}
static Candidate_data* create_candidate_data(Candidates_t *candidate, size_t id)
{
Candidate_data *cand_data = NULL;
cand_data = malloc(sizeof *cand_data);
if(cand_data == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory [ %s ]\n",
strerror(errno));
return NULL;
}
cand_data->candidate_data_id = id;
cand_data->candidate = candidate;
return cand_data;
}
static void destroy_candidata_data(Candidate_data *cand_data)
{
destroy_candidate(cand_data->candidate);
free(cand_data);
}
gcc 4.4.4 c89
I have the following function but I cannot free the memory. The message I get in Valgrind is suspecting the getline function. However, I am free the file pointer at the end of the function. So it cannot be that.
I have a global array of pointers to char 'candidate_names'. However, I haven't allocated any memory for it.
Many thanks for any advice,
The message I get in valgrind is the following.
HEAP SUMMARY:
==4021== in use at exit: 840 bytes in 7 blocks
==4021== total heap usage: 22 allocs, 15 frees, 1,332 bytes allocated
==4021==
==4021== Searching for pointers to 7 not-freed blocks
==4021== Checked 48,412 bytes
==4021==
==4021== 840 bytes in 7 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 1
==4021== at 0x4005BDC: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:195)
==4021== by 0xAAE38D: getdelim (iogetdelim.c:68)
==4021== by 0xAAADD2: getline (getline.c:34)
==4021== by 0x804892B: load_candidates (candidate.c:61)
==4021== by 0x8048686: main (driver.c:24)
My source code:
#define NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES 7
static char *candidate_names[NAME_SIZE] = {0};
int load_candidates()
{
FILE *fp = NULL;
size_t i = 0;
ssize_t read = 0;
size_t n = 0;
char *found = NULL;
fp = fopen("votes.txt", "r");
/* open the votes file */
if(fp == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open votes file [ %s ]\n", strerror(errno));
return FALSE;
}
/* fill the structure with candidates */
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; ) {
read = getline(&candidate_names[i], &n ,fp);
if(read == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read candidate [ %d ] [ %s ]\n",
i, strerror(errno));
candidate_names[i] = "Invalid candidate";
i++;
continue;
}
/* Just ignore the key work in the text file */
if(strcmp("CANDIDATES\n", candidate_names[i]) != 0) {
/* Find and remove the carriage return */
found = strchr(candidate_names[i], '\n');
if(found != NULL) {
/* Remove the carriage return by nul terminating */
*found = '\0';
}
i++;
}
}
fclose(fp);
return TRUE;
}
EDIT ========= FREEING candidate_names ======
All heap blocks were freed -- no leaks are possible
==4364==
==4364== ERROR SUMMARY: 84 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 12 from 8)
==4364==
==4364== 42 errors in context 1 of 2:
==4364== Invalid free() / delete / delete[]
==4364== at 0x40057F6: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==4364== by 0x8048A95: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:107)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
==4364== Address 0x401e1b8 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 120 free'd
==4364== at 0x40057F6: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==4364== by 0x8048A95: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:107)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
==4364==
==4364==
==4364== 42 errors in context 2 of 2:
==4364== Invalid read of size 1
==4364== at 0x400730E: strcmp (mc_replace_strmem.c:426)
==4364== by 0x8048A7F: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:106)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
==4364== Address 0x401e1b8 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 120 free'd
==4364== at 0x40057F6: free (vg_replace_malloc.c:325)
==4364== by 0x8048A95: destroy_candidate (candidate.c:107)
==4364== by 0x8048752: main (driver.c:44)
void destroy_candidate()
{
size_t i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
if(strcmp(candidate_names[i], "Invalid candidate") != 0) {
free(candidate_names[i]);
}
}
}
EDIT with code from main.c =====================
typedef struct Candidate_data_t {
size_t candidate_data_id;
Candidates_t *candidate;
} Candidate_data;
static Candidate_data* create_candidate_data(Candidates_t *candidate, size_t i);
static void destroy_candidata_data(Candidate_data *cand_data);
int main(void)
{
Candidates_t *candidate = NULL;
Candidate_data *cand_data[NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES] = {0};
size_t i = 0;
load_candidates();
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
candidate = create_candidates(i);
if(candidate == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot failed to initalize candidate [ %d ]\n", i);
}
/* Create array of candidates */
cand_data[i] = create_candidate_data(candidate, i);
fill_candidates(cand_data[i]->candidate);
}
/* Display each candidate */
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
display_candidate(cand_data[i]->candidate);
printf("\n");
}
for(i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES; i++) {
destroy_candidata_data(cand_data[i]);
}
return 0;
}
static Candidate_data* create_candidate_data(Candidates_t *candidate, size_t id)
{
Candidate_data *cand_data = NULL;
cand_data = malloc(sizeof *cand_data);
if(cand_data == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory [ %s ]\n",
strerror(errno));
return NULL;
}
cand_data->candidate_data_id = id;
cand_data->candidate = candidate;
return cand_data;
}
static void destroy_candidata_data(Candidate_data *cand_data)
{
destroy_candidate(cand_data->candidate);
free(cand_data);
}
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评论(7)
看看
getline( )
手册页。在程序结束时,您需要循环遍历
candidate_names
数组并对非free
调用>NULL 条目,但在这种情况下,您不能执行candidate_names[i] = "Invalid Candidate";
正如 @pmg 在他的答案中指出的那样,因为您会尝试释放字符串文字。还要注意:
Have a look at the
getline()
man page.At the end of your program, you need to loop over your
candidate_names
array and callfree
on nonNULL
entries but in that case you must not docandidate_names[i] = "Invalid candidate";
as @pmg pointed in his answer as you would try to free a string literal.Pay also attention to:
candidate_names
是什么?它是一个指针数组。当您这样做时,
您将指针分配给字符串文字。也许稍后在程序中您想要
释放
它。这是一个NO-NO!无论如何,
candidate_names[i]
之前的值都会丢失。如果该值不为 NULL,则您只是泄漏了一些内存。What is
candidate_names
? It's an array of pointers.When you do
you assign the pointer to a string literal. Maybe later in the program you want to
free
it. That's a NO-NO!In any case, the previous value of
candidate_names[i]
is lost. If the value was not NULL, you just leaked some memory.getline()
为刚刚读取的行分配空间,并在后台调用malloc()
。您将这些行缓冲区存储在candidate_names
数组中,但永远不会释放它。泄漏不是文件指针——你释放它就可以了。这是您从文件中读取的行,当您使用完它们后,需要在其他地方释放它们。getline()
allocates space for the line it just read, callingmalloc()
for you behind the scenes. You store these line buffers in thecandidate_names
array, but never free it. The leak isn't the file pointer - you free that just fine. It's the lines you read from the file, which need to be freed elsewhere, when you're done using them.getline
分配存储在candidate_names
指针数组中的内存。这些指针没有被释放。完成后,您应该调用:此外,该数组应声明为:
在您需要的 getline 之前:
不需要
NAME_SIZE
因为该内存是动态分配的,除非您是在其他地方使用它进行输入验证或其他东西。getline
allocates memory which you store in yourcandidate_names
array of pointers. Those pointers are not getting freed. When you are done with them, you should call:Additionally, that array should be declared as:
And right before your getline you need:
NAME_SIZE
isn't needed because that memory is dynamically allocated, unless you are using it elsewhere for input validation or something.我发现您有两个不同的宏
NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES
和
NAME_SIZE
。看起来有麻烦了。I see that you have two different macros
NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES
and
NAME_SIZE
. Looks like trouble.您正在 getline() 内分配内存。你永远不会释放那段记忆。这就是 valgrind 告诉您的:您有七个 (== NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES) 个块尚未释放。
关闭文件指针不会释放 getline() 分配的内存。
您需要在 load_candidates() 末尾执行类似的操作:
编辑
在您的编辑中,您将释放空指针。尝试:
You are allocating memory inside getline(). You are never freeing that memory. This is what valgrind is telling you: that you have seven (== NUMBER_OF_CANDIDATES) blocks that you have not freed.
Closing the file pointer does not free the memory that getline() allocated.
You need to do something like this at the end of load_candidates():
EDIT
In your edit you are freeing null pointers. Try:
我认为这是不正确的。
没有理由传递指向整数的指针。
I don't think this is correct.
No reason to pass a pointer to an integer.