数据库版本控制 - 分支切换如何工作?

发布于 2024-09-18 18:46:10 字数 265 浏览 6 评论 0原文

对于那些在开发团队中进行开发的人来说,这是一个问题,其中所有人都有单独的数据库。您使用源代码控制和其他工具对数据库进行版本控制,这些工具将自动将开发数据库更新为最新版本的数据库(架构、数据、SP、函数等)。

好的,太好了!但是等等!如果您正在软件 4.0 版本上进行开发,但现在需要将分支切换到 3.2 分支来修复错误,该怎么办?现在,模式可能(几乎肯定是)非常不同......

我想如果您付出额外的努力来编写回滚脚本以及更改脚本,这可能会起作用。但这看起来工作量很大——真的值得吗?

This is a question for those of you developing on a team of devs where all of you have separate databases. You're versioning your database using source control and other tools which will automatically bring dev databases up to date to the latest version of the database (schema, data, SP's, functions, etc.).

OK Great! But wait! What if you are developing on version 4.0 of your software, but now you need to switch branches to the 3.2 branch to fix a bug? The schema could be (almost assuredly is) very different by now...

I suppose if you went through the extra effort to write rollback scripts along with your change scripts, this could work. But that seems like a lot of work - is it really worth it?

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人心善变 2024-09-25 18:46:10

创建一个新的 3.2 分支数据库并在处理 3.2 分支代码时使用该数据库会更容易。在我看来,要求每个开发人员都只有一个数据库可以使用是不合理的。

Much easier would be to create a new 3.2-branch database and work with that while working on the 3.2-branch code. It doesn't seem reasonable to me to require that each developer has exactly one database to work with.

瑶笙 2024-09-25 18:46:10

我假设您正在将数据库版本化为二进制文件?如果您的所有数据库资产都是构造性代码的形式(例如 SQL 脚本和/或文本数据转储),那么解决方案将很简单,正如 Mark 所建议的:将这些资产存储为开发分支的一部分。要在版本 3.2 上工作,请切换分支,重新运行创建脚本和 presto,3.2 数据库。合并将与常规代码一样简单(或者同样痛苦,具体取决于您选择的版本控制系统)。

以下是在此模式下工作的一些建议:

  • 如果从文本创建数据库实例太慢,请在共享磁盘卷上创建一个缓存,并以所有架构/数据文件的内容(或其 MD5 总和)为关键字。
  • 编写预提交挂钩,以确保开发人员实例中的架构和数据转储与版本控制下的相同。这可以防止人们使用交互式工具对其开发数据库进行更改,然后忘记提交它们。
  • 您提到更改脚本;将它们视为一种责任。虽然您的部署方案可能需要它们(例如,对于想要就地升级的客户),但它们会复制数据库版本历史记录中的信息,并且根据墨菲定律,复制意味着迟早会失去同步。尝试使用“diff”从版本化数据库资产自动生成更改脚本;或者,如果无法实现这一点,请专门对数据库升级进行一些认真的单元测试。

I'm going on a limb and assume that you are versioning the database as a binary? If all your database assets were in the form of constructive code (eg SQL scripts and/or text data dumps), the solution would be simple, as suggested by Mark: store these assets as part of the development branch. To work on version 3.2, switch the branch, re-run the create scripts and presto, 3.2 database. Merging would be just as easy as with regular code (or just as painful, depending on your version control system of choice).

Here are some suggestions to work in this mode:

  • If creating the database instances from text is too slow, make a cache on a shared disk volume, keyed by the contents of all the schema / data files (or the MD5 sum thereof).
  • Write a pre-commit hook to ensure that the schema and data dumps in the developer's instance are the same as the ones under version control. This prevents people from making changes to their dev database with an interactive tool, and then forgetting to commit them.
  • You mention change scripts; treat them as a liability. While they may be required by your deployment scenario (eg for customers who want to upgrade in-place), they duplicate information from the version history of the database, and per Murphy's law duplication means desynchronization sooner or later. Try to auto-generate the change scripts from the versioned database assets using "diff"; or if this cannot be achieved, dedicate some serious unit tests to database upgrades.
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