C语言中\n是多字符吗?
我读到 \n 由 CR & 组成。低频。每个都有自己的 ASCII 代码。
那么C中的\n是用单个字符表示还是多字符表示呢?
编辑:请具体说明您的答案,而不是简单地说“是的,它是”或“不,它不是”
I read that \n consists of CR & LF. Each has their own ASCII codes.
So is the \n in C represented by a single character or is it multi-character?
Edit: Kindly specify your answer, rather than simply saying "yes, it is" or "no, it isn't"
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在 C 程序中,它是单个字符,
'\n'
表示行尾。然而,某些操作系统(尤其是 Microsoft Windows)使用两个字符来表示文本文件中的行尾,这可能就是混乱的根源。CI/O 函数负责在
'\n'
的 C 表示形式与操作系统使用的任何内容之间进行转换。在 C 程序中,只需使用
'\n'
即可。保证是正确的。当使用某种编辑器查看文本文件时,您可能会看到两个字符。当一个文本文件从 Windows 传输到某些基于 Unix 的系统时,你可能会在每行末尾出现"^M"
,这很烦人,但与 C 无关。In a C program, it's a single character,
'\n'
representing end of line. However, some operating systems (most notably Microsoft Windows) use two characters to represent end of line in text files, and this is likely where the confusion comes from.It's the responsibility of the C I/O functions to do the conversions between the C representation of
'\n'
and whatever the OS uses.In C programs, simply use
'\n'
. It is guaranteed to be correct. When looking at text files with some sort of editor, you might see two characters. When a text file is transferred from Windows to some Unix-based system, you might get"^M"
showing up at the end of each line, which is annoying, but has nothing to do with C.一般来说:
'\n'
是单个字符,代表换行符。'\r'
是单个字符,代表回车符。它们是自己独立的 ASCII 字符。出现问题的原因是,在实际的文件表示中,基于 UNIX 的系统倾向于单独使用
'\n'
来表示您在键盘上按“enter”或“return”时所想到的内容,而 Windows使用'\r'
后直接跟随'\n'
。在文件中:
当然,像所有二进制数据一样,这些字符都是关于解释的,并且该解释取决于使用数据的应用程序。 在制作 C 字符串时坚持使用 '\n',除非你想要字面回车,因为正如人们在评论中指出的那样,操作系统表示与您无关。 IO 库(包括 C 库)应该自行处理此问题并将其从您手中抽象出来。
为了满足您的好奇心,以十进制表示,ASCII 中的
'\n'
为 10,'\r'
为 13,但请注意,这是 ASCII 标准,而不是 C 标准。Generally:
'\n'
is a single character, which represents a newline.'\r'
is a single character, which represents a carriage-return. They are their own independent ASCII characters.Issues arise because in the actual file representation, UNIX-based systems tend to use
'\n'
alone to represent what you think of when you hit "enter" or "return" on the keyboard, whereas Windows uses a'\r'
followed directly by a'\n'
.In a file:
Of course, like all binary data, these characters are all about interpretation, and that interpretation depends on the application using the data. Stick to '\n' when you are making C-strings, unless you want a literal carriage-return, because as people have pointed out in the comments, the OS representation doesn't concern you. IO libraries, including C's, are supposed to handle this themselves and abstract it away from you.
For your curiosity, in decimal,
'\n'
in ASCII is 10,'\r'
is 13, but note that this is the ASCII standard, not a C standard.这取决于:
'\n'
是单个字符 (ASCII LF)"\n"
是'\n'
字符后跟一个0 终止符某些 I/O 操作在某些系统 (CR-LF) 上将
'\n'
转换为'\r\n'
。It depends:
'\n'
is a single character (ASCII LF)"\n"
is a'\n'
character followed by a 0 terminatorsome I/O operations transform a
'\n'
into'\r\n'
on some systems (CR-LF).当您使用 Windows C stdio 库将
\n
打印到文件时,该库会将其解释为逻辑换行符,而不是文字字符0x0A
。文件的输出将是 Windows 版本的换行符:0x0D0A
(\r\n
)。编写
示例代码:
快速
cl /EHsc foo.c
之后,您就可以在十六进制编辑器下进入foo.txt。
需要注意的是,如果您以“二进制模式”写入文件,则不会发生这种转换。
读取
如果您使用相同的工具读回文件,也在 Windows 上,如果您尝试与
\n
匹配,“windows EOL”将被正确解释。时
因此
,唯一与您相关的时间是您在
\n
在这些平台上直接转换为0x0A
。 (OSX 之前的\n
在 mac iirc 上是0x0D
)When you print the
\n
to a file, using the windows C stdio libraries, the library interprets that as a logical new-line, not the literal character0x0A
. The output to the file will be the windows version of a new-line:0x0D0A
(\r\n
).Writing
Sample code:
A quick
cl /EHsc foo.c
later and you getin foo.txt under a hex editor.
It's important to note that this translation DOES NOT occur if you are writing to a file in 'binary mode'.
Reading
If you are reading the file back in using the same tools, also on windows, the "windows EOL" will be interpreted properly if you try to match up against
\n
.When reading it back
You get
Therefore, the only time this should be relevant to you is if you are
\n
directly translates to0x0A
on those platforms. (pre-OSX\n
was0x0D
on mac iirc)\n
是一个换行符——它是文本文件中将一行与另一行分开的任何内容的逻辑表示。给定的平台将具有线路之间逻辑分隔的某种物理表示。在 Unix 和大多数类似系统上,换行符由换行 (LF) 字符表示(并且由于 Unix 曾经/现在与 C 密切相关,因此在 Unix 上 LF 通常简称为换行符)。在 MacOS 上,它通常由回车符 (CR) 表示。在相当多的其他系统上,最突出的是 Windows,它由回车/换行对表示 - 通常按此顺序,尽管偶尔您会看到某些东西使用 LF 后跟 CR(我记得,Clarion 过去常常这样做)这样做)。
理论上,换行根本不需要对应于流中的任何字符。例如,系统可能具有存储为长度后跟适当数量的字符的文本文件。在这种情况下,运行时库需要在文本文件的内部和外部表示之间进行比现在常见的稍微更广泛的转换,但这就是生活。
\n
is a new-line -- it's a logical representation of whatever separates one line from another in a text file.A given platform will have some physical representation of that logical separation between lines. On Unix and most similar systems, the new-line is represented by a line-feed (LF) character (and since Unix was/is so closely associated with C, on Unix the LF is often just called a new-line). On MacOS, it's typically represented by a carriage-return (CR). On a fair number of other systems, most prominently Windows, it's represented by a carriage return/line feed pair -- normally in that order, though once in a while you see something use LF followed by CR (as I recall, Clarion used to do that).
In theory, a new-line doesn't need to correspond to any characters in the stream at all though. For example, a system could have text files that were stored as a length followed by the appropriate number of characters. In such a case, the run-time library would need to carry out a slightly more extensive translation between internal and external representations of text files than is now common, but such is life.
根据 C99 标准(第 5.2.2 节),
还
由于历史原因,大多数 C 实现选择将
\n
定义为 ASCII 换行符 (0x0A)。然而,在许多计算机操作系统上,将活动位置移动到下一行开头的序列需要两个字符,通常是 0x0D、0x0A。因此,在写入文本文件时,C 实现必须将内部序列 0x0A 转换为外部序列 0x0D、0x0A。如何完成此操作超出了 C 标准的范围,但通常文件 IO 库将对以文本模式打开的任何文件执行转换。According to the C99 Standard (section 5.2.2),
Also
Most C implementations choose to define
\n
as ASCII line feed (0x0A) for historical reasons. However, on many computer operating systems, the sequence for moving the active position to the beginning of the next line requires two characters usually 0x0D, 0x0A. So, when writing to a text file, the C implementation must convert the internal sequence of 0x0A to the external one of 0x0D, 0x0A. How this is done is outside of the scope of the C standard, but usually, the file IO library will perform the conversion on any file opened in text mode.您的问题是关于文本文件的。
文本文件是一系列行。
行是以换行符结尾(并包含换行符)的字符序列。
不同操作系统对换行符的表示方式不同。
在 Unix/Linux/Mac 上,它们通常由单个 LINEFEED 表示
在 Windows 上,它们通常由 CARRIAGE RETURN + LINEFEED 对表示
在旧的 Mac 上,它们通常由单个回车符表示
在其他系统(AS/400 ??)上,甚至可能没有代表换行符的特定字符...
无论如何,
C
中的库代码负责将系统的换行符转换为 <读取文本文件时使用code>'\n',写入文本文件时执行相反的操作。因此,无论在任何给定系统上的表示形式是什么,当您在
C
中读取文本文件时,行将以'\n'< 结束/代码>。
注意:在所有系统中,
'\n'
不一定是0x0a
。Your question is about text files.
A text file is a sequence of lines.
A line is a sequence of characters ending in (and including) a line break.
A line breaks is represented differently by different Operating Systems.
On Unix/Linux/Mac they are usually represented by a single LINEFEED
On Windows they are usually represented by the pair CARRIAGE RETURN + LINEFEED
On old Macs they were usually represented by a single CARRIAGE RETURN
On other systems (AS/400 ??) there may even not be a specific character that represents a line break ...
Anyway, the library code in
C
is responsible to translating the system's line break to'\n'
when reading text files and do the reverse operation when writing text files.So, no matter what the representation is on any given system, when you read a text file in
C
, lines will be ended by a'\n'
.Note: The
'\n'
is not necessarily0x0a
in all systems.是的。
\n
是换行符。十六进制代码为 0x0A。\r
是回车符。十六进制代码为 0x0DYes it is.
\n
is a newline. Hex code is 0x0A.\r
is a carriage return. Hex code is 0x0D这是一个单一的字符。它代表换行符(但不是唯一的代表 - 维基百科)。
编辑:当我输入答案时,问题发生了变化。
It is a single character. It represents Newline (but is not the only representation - Wikipedia).
EDIT: The question was changed while I was typing the answer.