哪种语言可以在运行时动态更改类成员？
我知道在 Ruby 中可以在运行时动态添加和修改类的方法。那么其他语言呢？什么是 C#，可以在这种语言中修改或添加一些方法以及...在运行时动态吗？
I know in Ruby can add and modify method of class dynamically in run time. what about other language? what is C# ,can in this language modify or add some method and ... in run time and dynamically?
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我认为您正在寻找原型继承。在同一维基百科页面中提到了语言列表。
SO上有一个类似问题，您可以查找一下。
I think you are looking for prototype inheritance. A list of languages is mentioned in the same wikipedia page.
There is a similar question on SO which you can look up.
是的，在 C# 中，您可以通过反射和 发射器对象。
在 C# 4.0 中，您甚至可以使用纯 C# 代码使用 Expando 对象。这可以说更接近 Ruby 方式（如果我没记错的话，它实际上是一个抄本）并且更容易使用。
编辑：所有这些都适用于所有 .NET 语言，包括 VB.Net 和 F#。
Yes, in C# you can add methods at runtime through reflection and the Emitter object.
In C# 4.0 you can even do it in plain C# code with the Expando object. This is arguably closer to the Ruby way (it's practically a carbon copy if I remember correctly) and a lot easier to use.
Edit: All of this applies to all .NET languages, including VB.Net and F#.
像 C# 这样的静态类型系统的全部要点是，为特定类型定义的所有功能在编译时都是已知的（并经过检查）。
如果您编写
的编译器验证无论
foo具有什么类型，它都支持名为jump的操作，该操作采用整数参数。最近，C# 获得了通过动态类型动态检查对象的可能性，这基本上允许您在非常有限的上下文中描述内容，但尽管如此，整个语言都是静态类型的。
所以剩下的是像 Ruby 这样的动态语言，其中方法的存在只是在运行时（或调用时）检查。
我认为 JavaScript 可以改变所谓的原型来向对象添加方法，基本上可以实现与 Ruby 相同的效果。
The whole point of static type systems like C#'s is that all functionality defined for a particular type is known (and checked) at compile-time.
If you write
the compiler verifies that whatever type
foohas, it supports an operation calledjumptaking an integer parameter.Recently, C# got the possibility of having dynamically checked objects through the
dynamictype, which basically allows what you described in a very limited context, but nevertheless, the overall language is statically typed.So what's left are dynamic languages like Ruby, where method existence is just checked at run-time (or call-time).
I think JavaScript can change so called prototypes to add methods to objects and basically achive the same thing as Ruby.
Python 擅长此操作 - 这里有很多示例： Python：更改方法和属性在运行时
Lisp 的对象系统也是相当动态的：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Lisp_Object_System
“CLOS 是动态的，这意味着不仅其对象的内容，而且其对象的结构都可以在运行时修改。CLOS 支持动态更改类定义（即使相关类的实例已经存在）以及通过 CLOS 更改给定实例的类成员身份还允许在运行时添加、重新定义和删除方法。”
Python excels at this operation - here are bunch of examples: Python: changing methods and attributes at runtime
Lisp's object system is also quite dynamic:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Lisp_Object_System
"CLOS is dynamic, meaning that not only the contents, but also the structure of its objects can be modified at runtime. CLOS supports changing class definitions on-the-fly (even when instances of the class in question already exist) as well as changing the class membership of a given instance through the change-class operator. CLOS also allows one to add, redefine and remove methods at runtime."
在 C# 4 中，您拥有可以在运行时添加/修改的动态对象。
in C# 4 you have dynamic object which you can add/modify at run time.