python中的属性文件(类似于Java Properties)

发布于 2024-09-16 13:57:49 字数 446 浏览 4 评论 0原文

给定以下格式(.properties.ini):

propertyName1=propertyValue1
propertyName2=propertyValue2
...
propertyNameN=propertyValueN

对于 Java,有 Properties 类,提供解析/与上述格式交互的功能。

python标准 库 (2.x) 中有类似的东西吗?

如果没有,我还有什么其他选择?

Given the following format (.properties or .ini):

propertyName1=propertyValue1
propertyName2=propertyValue2
...
propertyNameN=propertyValueN

For Java there is the Properties class that offers functionality to parse / interact with the above format.

Is there something similar in python's standard library (2.x) ?

If not, what other alternatives do I have ?

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评论(28

花开柳相依 2024-09-23 13:57:50

增强@mvallebr的非常好的答案

def readConfig(filepath: str, delim: str = '=') -> dict:
    try:
        with open(filepath) as f:
            l = [line.split("=") for ln in f.readlines() \
                 if (line := ln.strip()) and not line.startswith('#')]
            return {key.strip().strip('"'): value.strip().strip('"') for key, value in l}
    except FileNotFoundError as e:
        print(e)
        sys.exit(1)

Enhancing on the very good answer of @mvallebr:

def readConfig(filepath: str, delim: str = '=') -> dict:
    try:
        with open(filepath) as f:
            l = [line.split("=") for ln in f.readlines() \
                 if (line := ln.strip()) and not line.startswith('#')]
            return {key.strip().strip('"'): value.strip().strip('"') for key, value in l}
    except FileNotFoundError as e:
        print(e)
        sys.exit(1)

屋顶上的小猫咪 2024-09-23 13:57:49

尝试 ConfigParser

我能够让它与 ConfigParser 一起使用,没有人展示任何有关如何执行此操作的示例,因此这里是属性文件的简单 python 阅读器和属性文件的示例。请注意,扩展名仍然是 .properties,但我必须添加一个类似于您在 .ini 文件中看到的节标题......有点混蛋,但它有效。

python 文件:PythonPropertyReader.py

#!/usr/bin/python    
import ConfigParser
config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
config.read('ConfigFile.properties')

print config.get('DatabaseSection', 'database.dbname');

属性文件:ConfigFile.properties

[DatabaseSection]
database.dbname=unitTest
database.user=root
database.password=

有关更多功能,请阅读:https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html

Try ConfigParser

I was able to get this to work with ConfigParser, no one showed any examples on how to do this, so here is a simple python reader of a property file and example of the property file. Note that the extension is still .properties, but I had to add a section header similar to what you see in .ini files... a bit of a bastardization, but it works.

The python file: PythonPropertyReader.py

#!/usr/bin/python    
import ConfigParser
config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
config.read('ConfigFile.properties')

print config.get('DatabaseSection', 'database.dbname');

The property file: ConfigFile.properties

[DatabaseSection]
database.dbname=unitTest
database.user=root
database.password=

For more functionality, read: https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html

过气美图社 2024-09-23 13:57:49

我知道这是一个非常老的问题,但我现在需要它,我决定实现我自己的解决方案,一个纯 python 解决方案,涵盖大多数用例(不是全部):

def load_properties(filepath, sep='=', comment_char='#'):
    """
    Read the file passed as parameter as a properties file.
    """
    props = {}
    with open(filepath, "rt") as f:
        for line in f:
            l = line.strip()
            if l and not l.startswith(comment_char):
                key_value = l.split(sep)
                key = key_value[0].strip()
                value = sep.join(key_value[1:]).strip().strip('"') 
                props[key] = value 
    return props

您可以更改 sep 到 ':' 以解析以下格式的文件:

key : value

代码正确解析如下行:

url = "http://my-host.com"
name = Paul = Pablo
# This comment line will be ignored

您将得到一个带有以下内容的字典:

{"url": "http://my-host.com", "name": "Paul = Pablo" }

I know that this is a very old question, but I need it just now and I decided to implement my own solution, a pure python solution, that covers most uses cases (not all):

def load_properties(filepath, sep='=', comment_char='#'):
    """
    Read the file passed as parameter as a properties file.
    """
    props = {}
    with open(filepath, "rt") as f:
        for line in f:
            l = line.strip()
            if l and not l.startswith(comment_char):
                key_value = l.split(sep)
                key = key_value[0].strip()
                value = sep.join(key_value[1:]).strip().strip('"') 
                props[key] = value 
    return props

You can change the sep to ':' to parse files with format:

key : value

The code parses correctly lines like:

url = "http://my-host.com"
name = Paul = Pablo
# This comment line will be ignored

You'll get a dict with:

{"url": "http://my-host.com", "name": "Paul = Pablo" }
大海や 2024-09-23 13:57:49

对于 .ini 文件,有 configparser< /a> 模块,提供与 .ini 文件兼容的格式。

无论如何,没有任何东西可用于解析完整的 .properties 文件,当我必须这样做时,我只需使用 jython (我正在谈论脚本)。

For .ini files there is the configparser module that provides a format compatible with .ini files.

Anyway there's nothing available for parsing complete .properties files, when I have to do that I simply use jython (I'm talking about scripting).

甩你一脸翔 2024-09-23 13:57:49

java 属性文件通常也是有效的 python 代码。您可以将 myconfig.properties 文件重命名为 myconfig.py。然后只需导入您的文件,就像这样

import myconfig

并直接访问属性

print myconfig.propertyName1

A java properties file is often valid python code as well. You could rename your myconfig.properties file to myconfig.py. Then just import your file, like this

import myconfig

and access the properties directly

print myconfig.propertyName1
野生奥特曼 2024-09-23 13:57:49

如果你没有多行属性并且需求非常简单,几行代码就可以为你解决:

文件t.properties

a=b
c=d
e=f

Python代码:

with open("t.properties") as f:
    l = [line.split("=") for line in f.readlines()]
    d = {key.strip(): value.strip() for key, value in l}

if you don't have multi line properties and a very simple need, a few lines of code can solve it for you:

File t.properties:

a=b
c=d
e=f

Python code:

with open("t.properties") as f:
    l = [line.split("=") for line in f.readlines()]
    d = {key.strip(): value.strip() for key, value in l}
偏爱你一生 2024-09-23 13:57:49

如果您可以选择文件格式,我建议使用 .ini 和 Python 的 ConfigParser(如上所述)。如果您需要与 Java .properties 文件兼容,我已经为其编写了一个名为 jprops 的库。我们使用的是 pyjavaproperties,但在遇到各种限制后,我最终实现了自己的。它完全支持 .properties 格式,包括 unicode 支持和对转义序列的更好支持。 Jprops 还可以解析任何类似文件的对象,而 pyjavaproperties 仅适用于磁盘上的真实文件。

If you have an option of file formats I suggest using .ini and Python's ConfigParser as mentioned. If you need compatibility with Java .properties files I have written a library for it called jprops. We were using pyjavaproperties, but after encountering various limitations I ended up implementing my own. It has full support for the .properties format, including unicode support and better support for escape sequences. Jprops can also parse any file-like object while pyjavaproperties only works with real files on disk.

救星 2024-09-23 13:57:49

我用过这个,这个库非常有用

from pyjavaproperties import Properties
p = Properties()
p.load(open('test.properties'))
p.list()
print(p)
print(p.items())
print(p['name3'])
p['name3'] = 'changed = value'

i have used this, this library is very useful

from pyjavaproperties import Properties
p = Properties()
p.load(open('test.properties'))
p.list()
print(p)
print(p.items())
print(p['name3'])
p['name3'] = 'changed = value'
酒与心事 2024-09-23 13:57:49

这不完全是属性,但 Python 确实有一个用于解析配置文件的不错的库。另请参阅此食谱: A python replacement for java.util.Properties

This is not exactly properties but Python does have a nice library for parsing configuration files. Also see this recipe: A python replacement for java.util.Properties.

梦里兽 2024-09-23 13:57:49

这是一个一对一的替换java.util.Propeties

来自文档:

  def __parse(self, lines):
        """ Parse a list of lines and create
        an internal property dictionary """

        # Every line in the file must consist of either a comment
        # or a key-value pair. A key-value pair is a line consisting
        # of a key which is a combination of non-white space characters
        # The separator character between key-value pairs is a '=',
        # ':' or a whitespace character not including the newline.
        # If the '=' or ':' characters are found, in the line, even
        # keys containing whitespace chars are allowed.

        # A line with only a key according to the rules above is also
        # fine. In such case, the value is considered as the empty string.
        # In order to include characters '=' or ':' in a key or value,
        # they have to be properly escaped using the backslash character.

        # Some examples of valid key-value pairs:
        #
        # key     value
        # key=value
        # key:value
        # key     value1,value2,value3
        # key     value1,value2,value3 \
        #         value4, value5
        # key
        # This key= this value
        # key = value1 value2 value3

        # Any line that starts with a '#' is considerered a comment
        # and skipped. Also any trailing or preceding whitespaces
        # are removed from the key/value.

        # This is a line parser. It parses the
        # contents like by line.

This is a one-to-one replacement of java.util.Propeties

From the doc:

  def __parse(self, lines):
        """ Parse a list of lines and create
        an internal property dictionary """

        # Every line in the file must consist of either a comment
        # or a key-value pair. A key-value pair is a line consisting
        # of a key which is a combination of non-white space characters
        # The separator character between key-value pairs is a '=',
        # ':' or a whitespace character not including the newline.
        # If the '=' or ':' characters are found, in the line, even
        # keys containing whitespace chars are allowed.

        # A line with only a key according to the rules above is also
        # fine. In such case, the value is considered as the empty string.
        # In order to include characters '=' or ':' in a key or value,
        # they have to be properly escaped using the backslash character.

        # Some examples of valid key-value pairs:
        #
        # key     value
        # key=value
        # key:value
        # key     value1,value2,value3
        # key     value1,value2,value3 \
        #         value4, value5
        # key
        # This key= this value
        # key = value1 value2 value3

        # Any line that starts with a '#' is considerered a comment
        # and skipped. Also any trailing or preceding whitespaces
        # are removed from the key/value.

        # This is a line parser. It parses the
        # contents like by line.
温折酒 2024-09-23 13:57:49

这是我的项目的链接:https://sourceforge.net/projects/pyproperties/。它是一个库,包含用于处理 Python 3.x 的 *.properties 文件的方法。

但它不是基于 java.util.Properties

Here is link to my project: https://sourceforge.net/projects/pyproperties/. It is a library with methods for working with *.properties files for Python 3.x.

But it is not based on java.util.Properties

鹤舞 2024-09-23 13:57:49

您可以在此处定义的 ConfigParser.RawConfigParser.readfp 中使用类似文件的对象 -> https://docs.python.org/2/library/ configparser.html#ConfigParser.RawConfigParser.readfp

定义一个覆盖 readline 的类,该类在属性文件的实际内容之前添加节名称。

我已将其打包到返回所有已定义属性的 dict 的类中。

import ConfigParser

class PropertiesReader(object):

    def __init__(self, properties_file_name):
        self.name = properties_file_name
        self.main_section = 'main'

        # Add dummy section on top
        self.lines = [ '[%s]\n' % self.main_section ]

        with open(properties_file_name) as f:
            self.lines.extend(f.readlines())

        # This makes sure that iterator in readfp stops
        self.lines.append('')

    def readline(self):
        return self.lines.pop(0)

    def read_properties(self):
        config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()

        # Without next line the property names will be lowercased
        config.optionxform = str

        config.readfp(self)
        return dict(config.items(self.main_section))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print PropertiesReader('/path/to/file.properties').read_properties()

You can use a file-like object in ConfigParser.RawConfigParser.readfp defined here -> https://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html#ConfigParser.RawConfigParser.readfp

Define a class that overrides readline that adds a section name before the actual contents of your properties file.

I've packaged it into the class that returns a dict of all the properties defined.

import ConfigParser

class PropertiesReader(object):

    def __init__(self, properties_file_name):
        self.name = properties_file_name
        self.main_section = 'main'

        # Add dummy section on top
        self.lines = [ '[%s]\n' % self.main_section ]

        with open(properties_file_name) as f:
            self.lines.extend(f.readlines())

        # This makes sure that iterator in readfp stops
        self.lines.append('')

    def readline(self):
        return self.lines.pop(0)

    def read_properties(self):
        config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()

        # Without next line the property names will be lowercased
        config.optionxform = str

        config.readfp(self)
        return dict(config.items(self.main_section))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print PropertiesReader('/path/to/file.properties').read_properties()
我的奇迹 2024-09-23 13:57:49

在 python 模块中创建一个字典,并将所有内容存储到其中并访问它,例如:

dict = {
       'portalPath' : 'www.xyx.com',
       'elementID': 'submit'}

现在要访问它,您只需执行以下操作:

submitButton = driver.find_element_by_id(dict['elementID'])

create a dictionary in your python module and store everything into it and access it, for example:

dict = {
       'portalPath' : 'www.xyx.com',
       'elementID': 'submit'}

Now to access it you can simply do:

submitButton = driver.find_element_by_id(dict['elementID'])
你曾走过我的故事 2024-09-23 13:57:49

我的 Java ini 文件没有节标题,因此我想要一个字典。所以我只是注入了一个“[ini]”部分并让默认配置库完成其工作。

以eclipse IDE .metadata目录下的version.ini文件为例:

#Mon Dec 20 07:35:29 CET 2021
org.eclipse.core.runtime=2
org.eclipse.platform=4.19.0.v20210303-1800
# 'injected' ini section
[ini]
#Mon Dec 20 07:35:29 CET 2021
org.eclipse.core.runtime=2
org.eclipse.platform=4.19.0.v20210303-1800

结果转换为dict:

from configparser import ConfigParser

@staticmethod
    def readPropertyFile(path):
        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3595363/properties-file-in-python-similar-to-java-properties
        config = ConfigParser()
        s_config= open(path, 'r').read()
        s_config="[ini]\n%s" % s_config
        # https://stackoverflow.com/a/36841741/1497139
        config.read_string(s_config)
        items=config.items('ini')
        itemDict={}
        for key,value in items:
            itemDict[key]=value
        return itemDict

My Java ini files didn't have section headers and I wanted a dict as a result. So i simply injected an "[ini]" section and let the default config library do its job.

Take a version.ini fie of the eclipse IDE .metadata directory as an example:

#Mon Dec 20 07:35:29 CET 2021
org.eclipse.core.runtime=2
org.eclipse.platform=4.19.0.v20210303-1800
# 'injected' ini section
[ini]
#Mon Dec 20 07:35:29 CET 2021
org.eclipse.core.runtime=2
org.eclipse.platform=4.19.0.v20210303-1800

The result is converted to a dict:

from configparser import ConfigParser

@staticmethod
    def readPropertyFile(path):
        # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3595363/properties-file-in-python-similar-to-java-properties
        config = ConfigParser()
        s_config= open(path, 'r').read()
        s_config="[ini]\n%s" % s_config
        # https://stackoverflow.com/a/36841741/1497139
        config.read_string(s_config)
        items=config.items('ini')
        itemDict={}
        for key,value in items:
            itemDict[key]=value
        return itemDict
陌若浮生 2024-09-23 13:57:49

这就是我在项目中所做的:我只是创建另一个名为properties.py的.py文件,其中包含我在项目中使用的所有常用变量/属性,并且在任何需要引用这些变量的文件中,放入

from properties import *(or anything you need)

使用此方法当我经常更改开发位置并且一些常见变量与本地环境相当相关时,保持 svn 和平。对我来说效果很好,但不确定是否会建议这种方法用于正式的开发环境等。

This is what I'm doing in my project: I just create another .py file called properties.py which includes all common variables/properties I used in the project, and in any file need to refer to these variables, put

from properties import *(or anything you need)

Used this method to keep svn peace when I was changing dev locations frequently and some common variables were quite relative to local environment. Works fine for me but not sure this method would be suggested for formal dev environment etc.

尘世孤行 2024-09-23 13:57:49
import json
f=open('test.json')
x=json.load(f)
f.close()
print(x)

test.json的内容:
{“主机”:“127.0.0.1”,“用户”:“jms”}

import json
f=open('test.json')
x=json.load(f)
f.close()
print(x)

Contents of test.json:
{"host": "127.0.0.1", "user": "jms"}

牵强ㄟ 2024-09-23 13:57:49

我创建了一个Python模块,它几乎类似于Java的Properties类(实际上它就像Spring中的PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,它允许您使用${variable-reference}来引用已经定义的属性)

编辑:您可以通过以下方式安装这个包运行命令(当前针对 python 3 进行了测试)。
pip install property

该项目托管在 GitHub

示例:(详细文档可以可以在此处找到)

假设您在 my_file.properties 文件中定义了以下属性

foo = I am awesome
bar = ${chocolate}-bar
chocolate = fudge

加载上述属性的代码

from properties.p import Property

prop = Property()
# Simply load it into a dictionary
dic_prop = prop.load_property_files('my_file.properties')

I have created a python module that is almost similar to the Properties class of Java ( Actually it is like the PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer in spring which lets you use ${variable-reference} to refer to already defined property )

EDIT : You may install this package by running the command(currently tested for python 3).
pip install property

The project is hosted on GitHub

Example : ( Detailed documentation can be found here )

Let's say you have the following properties defined in my_file.properties file

foo = I am awesome
bar = ${chocolate}-bar
chocolate = fudge

Code to load the above properties

from properties.p import Property

prop = Property()
# Simply load it into a dictionary
dic_prop = prop.load_property_files('my_file.properties')
童话里做英雄 2024-09-23 13:57:49

如果您需要以简单的方式读取属性文件中某个部分的所有值:

您的 config.properties 文件布局:

[SECTION_NAME]  
key1 = value1  
key2 = value2  

您编码:

   import configparser

   config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
   config.read('path_to_config.properties file')

   details_dict = dict(config.items('SECTION_NAME'))

这将为您提供一个字典,其中键与配置文件中的键相同,并且他们对应的值。

details_dict 是:

{'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2'}

现在获取 key1 的值:
details_dict['key1']

将其全部放入一个方法中,该方法仅从配置文件中读取该部分一次(在程序运行期间第一次调用该方法)。

def get_config_dict():
    if not hasattr(get_config_dict, 'config_dict'):
        get_config_dict.config_dict = dict(config.items('SECTION_NAME'))
    return get_config_dict.config_dict

现在调用上面的函数并获取所需键的值:

config_details = get_config_dict()
key_1_value = config_details['key1'] 

-------------------------------------- -----------------------

扩展上述方法,自动逐节读取,然后按节名加键名进行访问。

def get_config_section():
    if not hasattr(get_config_section, 'section_dict'):
        get_config_section.section_dict = dict()

        for section in config.sections():
            get_config_section.section_dict[section] = 
                             dict(config.items(section))

    return get_config_section.section_dict

访问:

config_dict = get_config_section()

port = config_dict['DB']['port'] 

(此处“DB”是配置文件中的部分名称
并且“port”是“DB”部分下的键。)

If you need to read all values from a section in properties file in a simple manner:

Your config.properties file layout :

[SECTION_NAME]  
key1 = value1  
key2 = value2  

You code:

   import configparser

   config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
   config.read('path_to_config.properties file')

   details_dict = dict(config.items('SECTION_NAME'))

This will give you a dictionary where keys are same as in config file and their corresponding values.

details_dict is :

{'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2'}

Now to get key1's value :
details_dict['key1']

Putting it all in a method which reads that section from config file only once(the first time the method is called during a program run).

def get_config_dict():
    if not hasattr(get_config_dict, 'config_dict'):
        get_config_dict.config_dict = dict(config.items('SECTION_NAME'))
    return get_config_dict.config_dict

Now call the above function and get the required key's value :

config_details = get_config_dict()
key_1_value = config_details['key1'] 

-------------------------------------------------------------

Extending the approach mentioned above, reading section by section automatically and then accessing by section name followed by key name.

def get_config_section():
    if not hasattr(get_config_section, 'section_dict'):
        get_config_section.section_dict = dict()

        for section in config.sections():
            get_config_section.section_dict[section] = 
                             dict(config.items(section))

    return get_config_section.section_dict

To access:

config_dict = get_config_section()

port = config_dict['DB']['port'] 

(here 'DB' is a section name in config file
and 'port' is a key under section 'DB'.)

疧_╮線 2024-09-23 13:57:49

下面两行代码展示了如何使用Python列表理解来加载“java风格”属性文件。

split_properties=[line.split("=") for line in open('/<path_to_property_file>)]
properties={key: value for key,value in split_properties }

详细请看下面的帖子
https:// /ilearnonlinesite.wordpress.com/2017/07/24/reading-property-file-in-python-using-compressive-and-generators/

Below 2 lines of code shows how to use Python List Comprehension to load 'java style' property file.

split_properties=[line.split("=") for line in open('/<path_to_property_file>)]
properties={key: value for key,value in split_properties }

Please have a look at below post for details
https://ilearnonlinesite.wordpress.com/2017/07/24/reading-property-file-in-python-using-comprehension-and-generators/

海的爱人是光 2024-09-23 13:57:49

您可以使用参数“fromfile_prefix_chars”和argparse从配置文件中读取,如下所示---

temp.py

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(fromfile_prefix_chars='#')
parser.add_argument('--a')
parser.add_argument('--b')
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.a)
print(args.b)

配置文件

--a
hello
--b
hello dear

运行命令

python temp.py "#config"

you can use parameter "fromfile_prefix_chars" with argparse to read from config file as below---

temp.py

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(fromfile_prefix_chars='#')
parser.add_argument('--a')
parser.add_argument('--b')
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.a)
print(args.b)

config file

--a
hello
--b
hello dear

Run command

python temp.py "#config"
年华零落成诗 2024-09-23 13:57:49

您可以使用 - https://pypi.org/project/property/

例如 - my_file.properties

foo = I am awesome
bar = ${chocolate}-bar
chocolate = fudge
long = a very long property that is described in the property file which takes up \
multiple lines can be defined by the escape character as it is done here
url=example.com/api?auth_token=xyz
user_dir=${HOME}/test
unresolved = ${HOME}/files/${id}/${bar}/
fname_template = /opt/myapp/{arch}/ext/{objid}.dat

代码

from properties.p import Property


## set use_env to evaluate properties from shell / os environment
prop = Property(use_env = True)
dic_prop = prop.load_property_files('my_file.properties')

## Read multiple files
## dic_prop = prop.load_property_files('file1', 'file2')


print(dic_prop)

# Output

# {'foo': 'I am awesome', 'bar': 'fudge-bar', 'chocolate': 'fudge',
#  'long': 'a very long property that is described in the property file which takes up multiple lines
#  can be defined by the escape character as it is done here', 'url': 'example.com/api?auth_token=xyz',
#  'user_dir': '/home/user/test',
#  'unresolved': '/home/user/files/${id}/fudge-bar/',
#  'fname_template': '/opt/myapp/{arch}/ext/{objid}.dat'}

You could use - https://pypi.org/project/property/

eg - my_file.properties

foo = I am awesome
bar = ${chocolate}-bar
chocolate = fudge
long = a very long property that is described in the property file which takes up \
multiple lines can be defined by the escape character as it is done here
url=example.com/api?auth_token=xyz
user_dir=${HOME}/test
unresolved = ${HOME}/files/${id}/${bar}/
fname_template = /opt/myapp/{arch}/ext/{objid}.dat

Code

from properties.p import Property


## set use_env to evaluate properties from shell / os environment
prop = Property(use_env = True)
dic_prop = prop.load_property_files('my_file.properties')

## Read multiple files
## dic_prop = prop.load_property_files('file1', 'file2')


print(dic_prop)

# Output

# {'foo': 'I am awesome', 'bar': 'fudge-bar', 'chocolate': 'fudge',
#  'long': 'a very long property that is described in the property file which takes up multiple lines
#  can be defined by the escape character as it is done here', 'url': 'example.com/api?auth_token=xyz',
#  'user_dir': '/home/user/test',
#  'unresolved': '/home/user/files/${id}/fudge-bar/',
#  'fname_template': '/opt/myapp/{arch}/ext/{objid}.dat'}
忘羡 2024-09-23 13:57:49

这是我编写的用于解析文件并将其设置为环境变量的内容,该变量会跳过注释和非键值行添加的开关来指定
hg:d

  • -h 或 --help 打印用法摘要
  • -c 指定标识注释的字符
  • -s prop 文件中键和值之间的分隔
  • 并指定需要解析的属性文件 例如:python
    EnvParamSet.py -c # -s = env.properties

    导入管道
    导入系统
    导入操作系统路径
    
    类解析:
    
            def __init__(self , seperator , commentChar , propFile):
            self.separator = 分隔符
            self.commentChar = commentChar
            self.propFile = propFile
    
        def parseProp(自身):
            prop = open(self.propFile,'rU')
            对于 prop 中的行:
                如果 line.startswith(self.commentChar)==False 且 line.find(self.seprator) != -1 :
                    keyValue = line.split(self.seprator)
                    键 = keyValue[0].strip() 
                    值 = keyValue[1].strip() 
                            print("导出 %s=%s" % (str (key),pipes.quote(str(value))))
    
    
    
    
    类 EnvParamSet:
    
        def 主要(argv):
    
            分隔符 = '='
            评论='#'
    
            如果 len(argv) 为 0:
                print "请指定要解析的属性文件"
                sys.exit()
            propFile=argv[-1] 
    
    
            尝试 :
                opts, args = getopt.getopt(argv, "hs:c:f:", ["help", "seprator=","comment=", "file="])
            除了 getopt.GetoptError,e:
                打印字符串(e)
                print " 可能的参数 -s <键值sperator > -c <注释字符 > <文件> \n 尝试 -h 或 --help "
                系统退出(2)
    
    
            如果 os.path.isfile(args[0])==False:
                打印“文件不存在”
                sys.exit()
    
    
            对于 opt , opts 中的 arg :
                如果选择加入(“-h”,“--help”):
                    print " hg:d \n -h 或 --help 打印用法摘要 \n -c 指定识别注释的字符 \n -s prop 文件中键和值之间的分隔符 \n 指定文件 "
                    sys.exit()
                elif 选择加入(“-s”、“--seprator”):
                    分隔符=arg 
                elif 选择加入(“-c”、“--comment”):
                    评论=参数
    
            p = 解析(分隔符、注释、propFile)
            p.parseProp()
    
        如果 __name__ == "__main__":
                主要(sys.argv[1:])
    

This is what i had written to parse file and set it as env variables which skips comments and non key value lines added switches to specify
hg:d

  • -h or --help print usage summary
  • -c Specify char that identifies comment
  • -s Separator between key and value in prop file
  • and specify properties file that needs to be parsed eg : python
    EnvParamSet.py -c # -s = env.properties

    import pipes
    import sys , getopt
    import os.path
    
    class Parsing :
    
            def __init__(self , seprator , commentChar , propFile):
            self.seprator = seprator
            self.commentChar = commentChar
            self.propFile  = propFile
    
        def  parseProp(self):
            prop = open(self.propFile,'rU')
            for line in prop :
                if line.startswith(self.commentChar)==False and  line.find(self.seprator) != -1  :
                    keyValue = line.split(self.seprator)
                    key =  keyValue[0].strip() 
                    value = keyValue[1].strip() 
                            print("export  %s=%s" % (str (key),pipes.quote(str(value))))
    
    
    
    
    class EnvParamSet:
    
        def main (argv):
    
            seprator = '='
            comment =  '#'
    
            if len(argv)  is 0:
                print "Please Specify properties file to be parsed "
                sys.exit()
            propFile=argv[-1] 
    
    
            try :
                opts, args = getopt.getopt(argv, "hs:c:f:", ["help", "seprator=","comment=", "file="])
            except getopt.GetoptError,e:
                print str(e)
                print " possible  arguments  -s <key value sperator > -c < comment char >    <file> \n  Try -h or --help "
                sys.exit(2)
    
    
            if os.path.isfile(args[0])==False:
                print "File doesnt exist "
                sys.exit()
    
    
            for opt , arg  in opts :
                if opt in ("-h" , "--help"):
                    print " hg:d  \n -h or --help print usage summary \n -c Specify char that idetifes comment  \n -s Sperator between key and value in prop file \n  specify file  "
                    sys.exit()
                elif opt in ("-s" , "--seprator"):
                    seprator = arg 
                elif opt in ("-c"  , "--comment"):
                    comment  = arg
    
            p = Parsing( seprator, comment , propFile)
            p.parseProp()
    
        if __name__ == "__main__":
                main(sys.argv[1:])
    
爱人如己 2024-09-23 13:57:49

Lightbend 发布了 Typesafe Config 库,它解析属性文件以及一些基于 JSON 的扩展。 Lightbend 的库仅适用于 JVM,但它似乎被广泛采用,并且现在有多种语言的移植,包括 Python:https://github.com/chimpler/pyhocon

Lightbend has released the Typesafe Config library, which parses properties files and also some JSON-based extensions. Lightbend's library is only for the JVM, but it seems to be widely adopted and there are now ports in many languages, including Python: https://github.com/chimpler/pyhocon

野鹿林 2024-09-23 13:57:49

可以使用下面的函数,这是@mvallebr的修改代码。它尊重属性文件注释,忽略空新行,并允许检索单个键值。

def getProperties(propertiesFile ="/home/memin/.config/customMemin/conf.properties", key=''):
    """
    Reads a .properties file and returns the key value pairs as dictionary.
    if key value is specified, then it will return its value alone.
    """
    with open(propertiesFile) as f:
        l = [line.strip().split("=") for line in f.readlines() if not line.startswith('#') and line.strip()]
        d = {key.strip(): value.strip() for key, value in l}

        if key:
            return d[key]
        else:
            return d

You can use the following function, which is the modified code of @mvallebr. It respects the properties file comments, ignores empty new lines, and allows retrieving a single key value.

def getProperties(propertiesFile ="/home/memin/.config/customMemin/conf.properties", key=''):
    """
    Reads a .properties file and returns the key value pairs as dictionary.
    if key value is specified, then it will return its value alone.
    """
    with open(propertiesFile) as f:
        l = [line.strip().split("=") for line in f.readlines() if not line.startswith('#') and line.strip()]
        d = {key.strip(): value.strip() for key, value in l}

        if key:
            return d[key]
        else:
            return d
人海汹涌 2024-09-23 13:57:49

这对我有用。

from pyjavaproperties import Properties
p = Properties()
p.load(open('test.properties'))
p.list()
print p
print p.items()
print p['name3']

this works for me.

from pyjavaproperties import Properties
p = Properties()
p.load(open('test.properties'))
p.list()
print p
print p.items()
print p['name3']
你怎么这么可爱啊 2024-09-23 13:57:49

我遵循 configparser 方法,它对我来说效果很好。创建一个 PropertyReader 文件并在其中使用配置解析器来准备与每个部分相对应的属性。

**使用Python 2.7

PropertyReader.py 文件的内容:

#!/usr/bin/python
import ConfigParser

class PropertyReader:

def readProperty(self, strSection, strKey):
    config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
    config.read('ConfigFile.properties')
    strValue = config.get(strSection,strKey);
    print "Value captured for "+strKey+" :"+strValue
    return strValue

读取模式文件的内容:

from PropertyReader import *

class ReadSchema:

print PropertyReader().readProperty('source1_section','source_name1')
print PropertyReader().readProperty('source2_section','sn2_sc1_tb')

.properties 文件的内容:

[source1_section]
source_name1:module1
sn1_schema:schema1,schema2,schema3
sn1_sc1_tb:employee,department,location
sn1_sc2_tb:student,college,country

[source2_section]
source_name1:module2
sn2_schema:schema4,schema5,schema6
sn2_sc1_tb:employee,department,location
sn2_sc2_tb:student,college,country

I followed configparser approach and it worked quite well for me. Created one PropertyReader file and used config parser there to ready property to corresponding to each section.

**Used Python 2.7

Content of PropertyReader.py file:

#!/usr/bin/python
import ConfigParser

class PropertyReader:

def readProperty(self, strSection, strKey):
    config = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
    config.read('ConfigFile.properties')
    strValue = config.get(strSection,strKey);
    print "Value captured for "+strKey+" :"+strValue
    return strValue

Content of read schema file:

from PropertyReader import *

class ReadSchema:

print PropertyReader().readProperty('source1_section','source_name1')
print PropertyReader().readProperty('source2_section','sn2_sc1_tb')

Content of .properties file:

[source1_section]
source_name1:module1
sn1_schema:schema1,schema2,schema3
sn1_sc1_tb:employee,department,location
sn1_sc2_tb:student,college,country

[source2_section]
source_name1:module2
sn2_schema:schema4,schema5,schema6
sn2_sc1_tb:employee,department,location
sn2_sc2_tb:student,college,country
述情 2024-09-23 13:57:49

您可以尝试 python-dotenv 库。该库从 .env(因此不完全是 .properties 文件)文件读取键值对,并可以将它们设置为环境变量。

以下是官方文档中的示例用法:

from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()  # take environment variables from .env.

# Code of your application, which uses environment variables (e.g. from `os.environ` or
# `os.getenv`) as if they came from the actual environment.

You can try the python-dotenv library. This library reads key-value pairs from a .env (so not exactly a .properties file though) file and can set them as environment variables.

Here's a sample usage from the official documentation:

from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()  # take environment variables from .env.

# Code of your application, which uses environment variables (e.g. from `os.environ` or
# `os.getenv`) as if they came from the actual environment.
樱娆 2024-09-23 13:57:49

我使用 ConfigParser 执行此操作,如下所示。该代码假设在放置 BaseTest.py 的同一目录中有一个名为 config.prop 的文件:

config.prop:

[CredentialSection]
app.name=MyAppName

BaseTest.py

import unittest
import ConfigParser

class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        __SECTION = 'CredentialSection'
        config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
        config.readfp(open('config.prop'))
        self.__app_name = config.get(__SECTION, 'app.name')
    
    def test1(self):
        print self.__app_name % This should print: MyAppName

I did this using ConfigParser as follows. The code assumes that there is a file called config.prop in the same directory where BaseTest.py is placed:

config.prop:

[CredentialSection]
app.name=MyAppName

BaseTest.py:

import unittest
import ConfigParser

class BaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        __SECTION = 'CredentialSection'
        config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
        config.readfp(open('config.prop'))
        self.__app_name = config.get(__SECTION, 'app.name')
    
    def test1(self):
        print self.__app_name % This should print: MyAppName
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