如何为模板专业化创建类型标签

发布于 2024-09-16 09:23:02 字数 733 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我有一个自定义日志记录类,它通过模板化的运算符支持iostream语法:

template< class T >
MyLoggingClass & operator <<(MyLoggingClass &, const T &) {
    // do stuff
}

我还有一个该运算符的专门版本,应该在以下情况下调用 :一条日志消息已完成:

template< >
MyLoggingClass & operator <<(MyLoggingClass &, consts EndOfMessageType &){
    // build the message and process it
}

EndOfMessageType 的定义如下:

class EndOfMessageType {};
const EndOfMessageType eom = EndOfMessageType( );

定义了全局常量 eom,以便用户可以像 std::endl 一样使用它code> 在日志消息的末尾。我的问题是,这个解决方案是否有任何陷阱,或者是否有一些既定的模式可以做到这一点?

提前致谢!

I have a custom logging class that supports iostream-syntax via a templated operator <<:

template< class T >
MyLoggingClass & operator <<(MyLoggingClass &, const T &) {
    // do stuff
}

I also have a specialized version of this operator that is supposed to be called when a log-message is complete:

template< >
MyLoggingClass & operator <<(MyLoggingClass &, consts EndOfMessageType &){
    // build the message and process it
}

EndOfMessageType is defined like this:

class EndOfMessageType {};
const EndOfMessageType eom = EndOfMessageType( );

The global constant eom is defined so that users can use it just like std::endl at the end of their log-messages. My question is, are there any pitfalls to this solution, or is there some established pattern to do this?

Thanks in advance!

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评论(3

云雾 2024-09-23 09:23:02

std::endl 是一个函数,而不是一个对象,并且 operator<< 被重载,用于接受指向函数的指针,并返回对 ostream 的引用。此重载仅调用该函数并传递*this

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Let's end this line now";
    std::endl(std::cout); //this is the result of cout << endl, or cout << &endl ;) 
}

只是考虑的替代方案。

顺便说一句,我认为没有必要对运算符进行专门化:普通的重载即使不是更好,也同样可以。

std::endl is a function, not an object, and operator<< is overloaded for accepting a pointer to a function taking and returning a reference to ostream. This overload just calls the function and passes *this.

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Let's end this line now";
    std::endl(std::cout); //this is the result of cout << endl, or cout << &endl ;) 
}

Just an alternative to consider.

By the way, I don't think there is any need to specialize the operator: a normal overload does just as well, if not better.

顾冷 2024-09-23 09:23:02

我认为你的解决方案是可以接受的。如果您想以不同的方式执行此操作,您可以创建一个 Message 类,该类将代替您的 MyLoggingClass 并提供自动终止功能。

{
  Message m;
  m << "Line: " << l; // or m << line(l) 
  m << "Message: foo"; // or m << message("foo");
  log << m; // this would automatically format the message
}

I think your solution is acceptable. If you wanted to do it differently, you could create a class Message, that would be used instead of the your MyLoggingClass and provided automatic termination.

{
  Message m;
  m << "Line: " << l; // or m << line(l) 
  m << "Message: foo"; // or m << message("foo");
  log << m; // this would automatically format the message
}
栩栩如生 2024-09-23 09:23:02

我已经这样做这样,就像其他一些人们做到了。有一个函数 Error / Log / Warning / 等,看起来像这样

DiagnosticBuilder Error( ErrType type, string msg, int line );

这将返回一个临时构建器对象,其类基本上定义为

struct DiagnosticBuilder {
  DiagnosticBuilder(std::string const& format)
    :m_emit(true), m_format(format) 
  { }
  DiagnosticBuilder(DiagnosticBuilder const& other) 
    :m_emit(other.m_emit), m_format(other.m_format), m_args(other.m_args) {
    other.m_emit = false;
  }
  ~DiagnosticBuilder() {
    if(m_emit) {
      /* iterate over m_format, and print the next arg 
         everytime you hit '%' */
    }
  }

  DiagnosticBuilder &operator<<(string const& s) {
    m_args.push_back(s);
    return *this;
  }
  DiagnosticBuilder &operator<<(int n) {
    std::ostringstream oss; oss << n;
    m_args.push_back(oss.str());
    return *this;
  }
  // ...
private:
  mutable bool m_emit;
  std::string m_format;
  std::vector<std::string> m_args;
};

因此,如果您在循环中构建日志消息,那么

DiagnosticBuilder b(Error("The data is: %"));
/* do some loop */
b << result;

只要自动调用构建器的析构函数,就会发出该消息。大多数情况下您会匿名使用它

Error("Hello %, my name is %") << "dear" << "litb";

I have done it this way, like some other people did. Have a function Error / Log / Warning / etc that could look like this

DiagnosticBuilder Error( ErrType type, string msg, int line );

This will return a temporary builder object, whose class is basically defined like

struct DiagnosticBuilder {
  DiagnosticBuilder(std::string const& format)
    :m_emit(true), m_format(format) 
  { }
  DiagnosticBuilder(DiagnosticBuilder const& other) 
    :m_emit(other.m_emit), m_format(other.m_format), m_args(other.m_args) {
    other.m_emit = false;
  }
  ~DiagnosticBuilder() {
    if(m_emit) {
      /* iterate over m_format, and print the next arg 
         everytime you hit '%' */
    }
  }

  DiagnosticBuilder &operator<<(string const& s) {
    m_args.push_back(s);
    return *this;
  }
  DiagnosticBuilder &operator<<(int n) {
    std::ostringstream oss; oss << n;
    m_args.push_back(oss.str());
    return *this;
  }
  // ...
private:
  mutable bool m_emit;
  std::string m_format;
  std::vector<std::string> m_args;
};

So if you are building a log message in a loop, be it so

DiagnosticBuilder b(Error("The data is: %"));
/* do some loop */
b << result;

As soon as the builder's destructor is called automatically, the message is emitted. Mostly you would use it anonymously

Error("Hello %, my name is %") << "dear" << "litb";
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