编辑2：看看这个！来自监护人的世界政府数据存储 API。
一份报纸，编写一个API...！我很震惊。坚持以英国为主题的 API，这里是来自 programmableweb 的英国 API 目录。
Suddenly I feel proud to be a British Citizen... are you ready? Good:
HMRC (the lovely people who take our tax off us) provide a fully documented API, see here, for filling in just about every form they have. Not only that, but they define a whole set of schemas and everything available here: http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/govtalk/schemasstandards.aspx
All I can say is my estimation of the UK gov't went up when I disccovered that.
Unfortunately that's as far as it goes, but still, an API for interacting with the HMRC is very, very useful.
We also have data.gov.uk where an entire archive of government data is made available; I believe there are APIs for accessing it too.
Edit: I have just stumbled across another UK data source/API:
Ordnance Survey Mapping Data (openspace). Some things have already been done with openspace I believe; still, free access to OS's maps to manipulate how you will is very, very good. Ordnance Survey maps of the UK are very high quality and come in varying levels of accuracy and for different purposes (for those who haven't lived/travelled in the UK).
Edit 2: Look at this! The World Government Data Store API from the guardian.
A newspaper, writing an API...! I'm in shock. Sticking to UK themed APIs, here's the API directory of the UK from programmableweb.
I am making this answer a community wiki so others can contribute directly. I think this is a very good question and it deserves a very comprehensive answer and that we consolidate this stuff in one area.
Nimbus 项目是新加坡的一项公共倡议，由一组开发人员发起，旨在收集和提供可用信息由新加坡政府和私人组织以易于理解和访问的 API 形式收集。
该项目仍处于起步阶段，但已经有一些有趣的数据可供使用，例如：
当地交通状况
公共图书馆位置
当地天气信息
Project Nimbus is a public initiative in Singapore by a group of developer to gather and make available information collected by the Singaporean government and private organizations into the form of an easily digestible and accessible API.
The project is still in its infancy but already has some interesting data available for consumption, such as:
Some German governments (we have multiple states) provide the Zuständigkeitsfinder, a SOAP-Interface where you can search for the nearest person responsible for several so-called "Anliegen" like getting a new passport, nominating someone for the Bundesverdienstkreuz (a medal given for extraordinary engagement for the public) or getting a permission to drive a truck at the weekend in the city.
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突然间，我为自己是英国公民而感到自豪……你准备好了吗？好：
HMRC（那些帮我们减税的可爱的人）提供了完整记录的 API，请参阅 这里，用于填写他们拥有的几乎所有表格。不仅如此，它们还定义了一整套架构以及此处提供的所有内容： http:// www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/govtalk/schemasstandards.aspx
我只能说，当我发现这一点时，我对英国政府的估计有所上升。
不幸的是，就目前而言，与 HMRC 交互的 API 仍然非常非常有用。
我们还有 data.gov.uk，提供完整的政府数据档案；我相信也有用于访问它的 API。
编辑：我刚刚偶然发现了另一个英国数据源/API：
地形测量图数据（开放空间）。我相信开放空间已经做了一些事情；尽管如此，免费访问操作系统的地图来操纵你的意愿是非常非常好的。英国地形测量局地图的质量非常高，并且具有不同的精度水平和不同的用途（对于那些没有在英国生活/旅行过的人）。
编辑2：看看这个！来自监护人的世界政府数据存储 API。
一份报纸，编写一个API...！我很震惊。坚持以英国为主题的 API，这里是来自 programmableweb 的英国 API 目录。
Suddenly I feel proud to be a British Citizen... are you ready? Good:
HMRC (the lovely people who take our tax off us) provide a fully documented API, see here, for filling in just about every form they have. Not only that, but they define a whole set of schemas and everything available here: http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/govtalk/schemasstandards.aspx
All I can say is my estimation of the UK gov't went up when I disccovered that.
Unfortunately that's as far as it goes, but still, an API for interacting with the HMRC is very, very useful.
We also have data.gov.uk where an entire archive of government data is made available; I believe there are APIs for accessing it too.
Edit: I have just stumbled across another UK data source/API:
Ordnance Survey Mapping Data (openspace). Some things have already been done with openspace I believe; still, free access to OS's maps to manipulate how you will is very, very good. Ordnance Survey maps of the UK are very high quality and come in varying levels of accuracy and for different purposes (for those who haven't lived/travelled in the UK).
Edit 2: Look at this! The World Government Data Store API from the guardian.
A newspaper, writing an API...! I'm in shock. Sticking to UK themed APIs, here's the API directory of the UK from programmableweb.
法国
德国
英国
美利坚合众国
我开始编译一个答案，其中包含每个国家/地区的 API 列表，但我意识到我没有时间，所以这里已经有一些提示。
API 目录
在线查找 API
公共 API 工作
类似的 StackOverflow 问题
我正在将此答案作为社区 wiki，以便其他人可以直接贡献。我认为这是一个非常好的问题，值得一个非常全面的答案，并且我们将这些内容整合到一个领域。
France
Germany
United Kingdom
United States of America
I started compiling an answer with a list of APIs per countries, but I realized I wouldn't have the time so here's already a few pointers.
API Directories
Looking for APIs Online
Public API Efforts
Similar StackOverflow Questions
I am making this answer a community wiki so others can contribute directly. I think this is a very good question and it deserves a very comprehensive answer and that we consolidate this stuff in one area.
美国政府 Web 服务和 XML 数据源
US Government Web Services and XML Data Sources
我住在新西兰，有很多有用的公共政府网络服务可用：
InfoConnect 高速公路信息 - 提供交通计数信息、交通网络摄像头、高速公路位置参考等
宽带地图 - 公共网络服务，可让您了解新西兰各种宽带服务的整体覆盖范围
GeoNet - 地震、海啸数据（这非常相关，因为我们今天刚刚发生了一场大地震）
希望能以某种方式帮助您！
从 ProgrammableWeb 找到更多内容：
澳大利亚商业号码查找
OpenSecrets.org - 美国政治数据查找 API
欧洲开放专利服务 API
英国警察部队地图服务
联合国信息服务处
世界政府数据
I live in NZ and there are quite a few useful public government webservices available:
InfoConnect Highway Info - Supplies traffic count information, traffic web-cams, highway location referencing etc
Broadband Map - Public webservice that allows one to get a feel for the overall coverage of various broadband services in NZ
GeoNet - Earthquake, tsunami data (which is quite relevant as we just had a massive earthquake today)
Hope that helps ya in some way!
Found some more from ProgrammableWeb:
Australian Business Number Lookup
OpenSecrets.org - U.S. Political Data Lookup API
European Open Patent Services API
UK police force mapping service
United Nations Information Service
World Government Data
Azure 代号“达拉斯”还提供大量免费的数据服务：
https://www.sqlazureservices.com/Catalog.aspx
其中包括：
仅举几例！
There is also a load of data services that are free and available at Azure Codename "Dallas":
https://www.sqlazureservices.com/Catalog.aspx
They include:
Just to name a few!
Nimbus 项目是新加坡的一项公共倡议，由一组开发人员发起，旨在收集和提供可用信息由新加坡政府和私人组织以易于理解和访问的 API 形式收集。
该项目仍处于起步阶段，但已经有一些有趣的数据可供使用，例如：
Project Nimbus is a public initiative in Singapore by a group of developer to gather and make available information collected by the Singaporean government and private organizations into the form of an easily digestible and accessible API.
The project is still in its infancy but already has some interesting data available for consumption, such as:
联邦储备银行通常有一些非常好的 API 和数据。
FRED，用于比较各种货币价格历史记录等
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/
GeoFRED，各种经济数据绘制地理地图
http://geofred.stlouisfed.org/
Liber8，他们钻探经济数据的门户
http://liber8.stlouisfed.org/
Cassidi，银行竞争信息存储
http://cassidi.stlouisfed.org/
The Federal Reserve Banks usually have some pretty good APIs and data.
FRED, for comparing all kinds of currency price histories, and etc.
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/
GeoFRED, all kinds of economic data mapped geographically
http://geofred.stlouisfed.org/
Liber8, their portal for drilling into economic data
http://liber8.stlouisfed.org/
Cassidi, the bank competition information store
http://cassidi.stlouisfed.org/
一些德国政府（我们有多个州）提供 Zuständigkeitsfinder，这是一个 SOAP 接口，其中你可以寻找离你最近的负责一些所谓“Anliegen”的人，例如获得新护照、提名某人获得联邦勋章（为公众提供非凡参与而颁发的奖章）或获得在周末驾驶卡车的许可城市。
Some German governments (we have multiple states) provide the Zuständigkeitsfinder, a SOAP-Interface where you can search for the nearest person responsible for several so-called "Anliegen" like getting a new passport, nominating someone for the Bundesverdienstkreuz (a medal given for extraordinary engagement for the public) or getting a permission to drive a truck at the weekend in the city.
中国提供防火墙来保护网民免受色情、颠覆和外国互联网公司的竞争。
PRC provides the Great Firewall to protect netizens from porn, subversion, and competition from foreign internet companies.