为什么在合并排序中出现向量下标超出范围错误?

发布于 2024-09-16 01:24:07 字数 996 浏览 8 评论 0原文

void merge(vector<int> dst,vector<int> first,vector<int> second)
{
    int i=0,j=0;

    while(i<first.size()&&j<second.size())
    {
        if(first[i]<second[j])
        {
            dst.push_back(first[i]);
            i++;
        }
        else
        {
            dst.push_back(second[j]);
            j++;
        }
    }
    while(i<first.size()
    dst.push_back(first[i++]);

    while(j<second.size())
    dst.push_back(second[j++]);
}

void mergeSort(vector<int> &a)
{   
    size_t sz = a.size();
    cin.get();
    if(sz>1)
    {   
        vector<int> first(&a[0],&a[sz/2]);
        vector<int> second(&a[(sz/2)+1],&a[sz-1]);

        mergeSort(first);
        mergeSort(second);

        merge(a,first,second);  
    }
}

void MergeSort(int* a,size_t size)
{
   vector<int> s(&a[0],&a[size-1]);
   mergeSort(s);
}

有人可以帮我看看这段代码有什么问题吗?我收到向量下标超出范围错误。

void merge(vector<int> dst,vector<int> first,vector<int> second)
{
    int i=0,j=0;

    while(i<first.size()&&j<second.size())
    {
        if(first[i]<second[j])
        {
            dst.push_back(first[i]);
            i++;
        }
        else
        {
            dst.push_back(second[j]);
            j++;
        }
    }
    while(i<first.size()
    dst.push_back(first[i++]);

    while(j<second.size())
    dst.push_back(second[j++]);
}

void mergeSort(vector<int> &a)
{   
    size_t sz = a.size();
    cin.get();
    if(sz>1)
    {   
        vector<int> first(&a[0],&a[sz/2]);
        vector<int> second(&a[(sz/2)+1],&a[sz-1]);

        mergeSort(first);
        mergeSort(second);

        merge(a,first,second);  
    }
}

void MergeSort(int* a,size_t size)
{
   vector<int> s(&a[0],&a[size-1]);
   mergeSort(s);
}

Can some one help me what is the problem with this code ? I am getting vector subscript outof range error.

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评论(3

鹤仙姿 2024-09-23 01:24:11

您的子向量指定不正确。
请记住,迭代器指定从开始到结束。

所以这会错过向量中的中间元素和最后一个元素。
对于长度为 2 的非常短的向量也是未定义

    vector<int> first(&a[0],&a[sz/2]);
    vector<int> second(&a[(sz/2)+1],&a[sz-1]);

想象一下,如果 a 是向量 { A, B, C, D}

    first:  {A,B}   0 -> 2 (where 2 is one past the end so index 0 and 1_
    second: {}      3 -> 3 (Since one past the end equals the start it is empty}

或者尝试更大的向量: { A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I或者

    first:  {A, B, C, D}    0 -> 4 (4 is one past the end so index 0,1,2,3)
    second: {F, G, H}       5 -> 8 (8 is one past the end so index 5,6,7)

尝试一个较小的向量: { A, B}

    first:  {A}    0 -> 1
    second: {BANG} 2 -> 1

应该是:

    int* st = &a[0];
    // Using pointer arithmatic because it was too late at night
    // to work out if &a[sz] is actually legal or not.
    vector<int> first (st,      st+sz/2]); // sz/2 Is one past the end.
    vector<int> second(st+sz/2, st+sz   ); // First element is sz/2  
                                           // one past the end is sz

传递到 merge() 的向量。 dst 参数必须通过引用传递,因为它是一个输出参数。但还要注意,第一个和第二个参数是 const,因此我们可以通过 const 引用传递(以避免复制步骤)。

void merge(vector<int>& dst,vector<int> const& first,vector<int> const& second)

还有合并功能:

将值推入 dst。但是 dst 从传入的数据中已经满​​了。因此,在我们进行合并之前,必须清除目的地。

    mergeSort(first);
    mergeSort(second);

    // Must clear a before we start pushing stuff into.
    a.clear();   // Add this line.
    merge(a,first,second);  

Your sub vectors are specified incorrectly.
Remember the iterators specify the beginning to one past the end.

So this will misses the middle element and the last element in the vector.
And is also undefined for really short vectors of length 2

    vector<int> first(&a[0],&a[sz/2]);
    vector<int> second(&a[(sz/2)+1],&a[sz-1]);

Imagine if a is the vector { A, B, C, D}

    first:  {A,B}   0 -> 2 (where 2 is one past the end so index 0 and 1_
    second: {}      3 -> 3 (Since one past the end equals the start it is empty}

Or Try a bigger vector: { A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I}

    first:  {A, B, C, D}    0 -> 4 (4 is one past the end so index 0,1,2,3)
    second: {F, G, H}       5 -> 8 (8 is one past the end so index 5,6,7)

Or Try a smaller vector: { A, B}

    first:  {A}    0 -> 1
    second: {BANG} 2 -> 1

Should be:

    int* st = &a[0];
    // Using pointer arithmatic because it was too late at night
    // to work out if &a[sz] is actually legal or not.
    vector<int> first (st,      st+sz/2]); // sz/2 Is one past the end.
    vector<int> second(st+sz/2, st+sz   ); // First element is sz/2  
                                           // one past the end is sz

The vectors passed into merge(). The dst parameter has to be passed by reference as it is an out parameter. But also note that first and second parameters are const so we can pass by const reference (to avoid the copy step).

void merge(vector<int>& dst,vector<int> const& first,vector<int> const& second)

Also the merge function:

Is pushing the value into dst. But dst is already full from the data that came in. So before we do the merge the destination must be cleared.

    mergeSort(first);
    mergeSort(second);

    // Must clear a before we start pushing stuff into.
    a.clear();   // Add this line.
    merge(a,first,second);  
不气馁 2024-09-23 01:24:11

马丁是对的,问题是辅助向量的构造函数:

原始向量: 1 9 7 9 2 7 2 1 9 8

iter1: 2, iter2: 8

   vector<int> v( iter1, iter2 ); //new vector: 2 7 2 1 9

http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/stl/vector/vector_constructors

和谈论合并排序和其他排序算法,我发现了一个非常有用的网站:

http:// /www.sorting-algorithms.com/merge-sort

Martin is right, the problem is the contructor of the auxiliar vectors:

Original vector: 1 9 7 9 2 7 2 1 9 8

iter1: 2, iter2: 8

   vector<int> v( iter1, iter2 ); //new vector: 2 7 2 1 9

http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/stl/vector/vector_constructors

And talking about merge-sort and other sorting algorithms, I´ve found a very useful web:

http://www.sorting-algorithms.com/merge-sort

回忆躺在深渊里 2024-09-23 01:24:10

如果 sz == 2,&a[(sz/2)+1] 将尝试获取 a[2] 的地址,这将给出此错误。

If sz == 2, &a[(sz/2)+1] will try to take the address of a[2], which will give you this error.

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