对于系统编程来说最好的 Linux 发行版是什么?
我想在我的研究中使用低级系统编程和虚拟化。我尝试了 Ubuntu 10.04 + Xen 4.0.0,但安装后效果不太好。我的一位朋友建议使用 Gentoo。还有更多建议吗?
I want to work with low level system programming and virtualization for my research. I tried Ubuntu 10.04 + Xen 4.0.0 but they weren't going quite well right from the installation. One of my friends suggested to take up Gentoo. Any more suggestions?
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您将通过 Debian 或 Gentoo 获得最大的成功。 Debian 虽然主要是二进制版本,但提供了可用的软件包,可以将您的系统变成更多基于开发人员的系统。 Gentoo 默认编译所有内容,因此所有开发人员工具都已就位。
如果您使用 Debian,请考虑运行 Sid,这是他们不断发展的“实验”分支。这将使您获得与 Gentoo 相同/相似的软件包版本。否则,至少使用 Squeeze,下一个稳定版本(又名 Debian 6.0)。 Lenny 有点老了,使用的是较旧的 2.6.30 之前的 Xen 东西(我相信是~3.2)。这对于您的需求来说可能太旧了。
在紧要关头,您可以看看其中一个 BSD 是否也适合您,例如 FreeBSD。我怀疑它对 Xen 虚拟化的支持是否与 Linux 处于同一水平(Xen 基本上是围绕 Linux 构建的,然后移植到其他平台),但这是另一个值得考虑的选择。如果您这样做,就像 Debian 的 Sid 一样,请使用 FreeBSD 的 -CURRENT 分支来获取最新版本和版本。最伟大的。
像往常一样,阅读手册,并在帮助网站上查找提示。对于 Gentoo 来说,forums.gentoo.org 上的论坛是继手册之后的宝贵资源。 Debian 有他们的邮件列表档案和一些很好的文档。 *BSD 也是如此。如果您真的陷入困境,您还可以在 #gentoo 中的 IRC 或 FreeNode 上的#debian 上查看(Debian 可能在 OFTC 上,不过我不记得了)。但请注意,您将成为这些渠道中众多声音中的一员(预计同时有超过 600 名用户)。
You're going to find the greatest of success with Debian or Gentoo. Debian, while primarily a binary release, has packages available that turns your system into more of a developer-based system. Gentoo compiles everything by default, so all the developer tools will already be in-place.
If you go with Debian, consider running Sid, their constantly-evolving, "experimental" branch. This will put you right around the same/similar package versions as Gentoo. Otherwise, at least use Squeeze, the next -stable release (a.k.a., Debian 6.0). Lenny's a bit old in the tooth, and uses the older, pre-2.6.30 Xen stuff (~3.2, I believe). Which might be too old for your needs.
In a pinch, you can see if one of the BSDs will work for you as well, like FreeBSD. I doubt its support for virtualization w/ Xen is at the same level as Linux (Xen was basically built around Linux, then ported to other platforms), but it's another option to consider. If you do, like with Debian's Sid, go with FreeBSD's -CURRENT branch for the latest & greatest.
As usual, read the manuals, and look on help sites for tips. For Gentoo, the forums at forums.gentoo.org are an invaluable resource after the manuals. Debian has their mailing list archives and some good documentation as well. Ditto for *BSD. You can also check in on IRC in #gentoo or #debian on FreeNode if you're really in a bind (Debian might be on OFTC, though, I don't remember). Be warned, though, you will be one voice among many in those channels (expect ~600+ users at the same time).
如果主要要求是运行 Xen,请参阅 此问题答案。
If a working Xen is the main requirement, see this question's answers.
您可以指定更多您想要在低级别上工作的区域吗?如果您想在内核上工作,我认为对 destro 没有任何依赖性,但如果您想在编译器、图形等其他领域工作经理、网络经理等,然后可以提出建议。但您必须为此提供更多详细信息。你说 ubuntu + xen 工作得不太好,你面临什么问题?
can you specify more in which area you want to work on in low level.If you want to work on kernel,i don't think there is any dependency on the destro,but if you want to work on other areas like compiler,graphics managers,network managers etc then suggestion can be made.But you have to provide some more details for that. And you said ubuntu + xen is not working quite well,what problem are you facing ??
在我们的集群中,我们使用 Fedora 12 Dom0 和 DomU,并在 Fedora 12 中使用 xenified Dom0 内核和 pv_ops 内核。也就是说,我们按原样使用 Fedora 12 DomU。对于Dom0,我们自己安装xen和Xenified内核。
该溶液经测试稳定。我们在它上面运行分布式并行实验(通常在一台物理机上有 7 个 DomU),它对我们来说效果很好。
http://fclose.com/b/2367/xen-solutions 中的“推荐” / 是我们现在的解决方案。 Xen 3.4.3 + xenified 内核 2.6.32.13 在我们的服务器中非常稳定:
In our cluster, we use Fedora 12 Dom0 and DomU with xenified Dom0 kernel and pv_ops kernel in Fedora 12. That is we use the Fedora 12 DomU as it is. For Dom0, we install xen and Xenified kernel by ourselves.
This solution is tested to be stable. We run distributed parallel experiments on it (usually 7 DomUs on one physical machine) and it works well for us.
The "recommended" ones in http://fclose.com/b/2367/xen-solutions/ is our solution by now. Xen 3.4.3 + xenified kernel 2.6.32.13 is quite solid in our servers: